Effects of yaw-roll coupling ratio on lateral-directional aerodynamic characteristics

Experimental investigation of large amplitude yaw-roll coupled oscillations was conducted in a low-speed wind tunnel using an aircraft configuration model. A special test rig was designed and constructed to provide different coupled motions from low to high angles of attack.A parameter ‘‘coupling ratio" was introduced to indicate the extent of yaw-roll coupling. At each pitch angle, seven coupling ratios were designed to study the yaw-roll coupling effects on the lateraldirectional aerodynamic characteristics systematically. At high angles of attack, the damping characteristics of yawing and rolling moments drastically varied with coupling ratios. In the coupled motions with the rotation taking place about the wind axis, the lateral-directional aerodynamic moments exhibited unsteady characteristics and were different from the ‘‘quasi-steady" results of the rotary balance tests. The calculated results of the traditional aerodynamic derivative method were also compared with the experimental data. At low and very high angles of attack, the aerodynamic derivative method was applicative. However, within a wide range of angles of attack, the calculated results of aerodynamic derivative method were inconsistent with the experimental data, due to the drastic changes of damping characteristics of lateral-directional aerodynamic moments with yaw-roll coupling ratios.     

细长尖头旋成体大迎角非对称涡系结构

本文采用数值计算方法,对细长尖拱旋成体大迎角背风侧非对称涡系结构以及与沿轴向交变的侧向力分布的关系进行了研究.求解的是N-S方程,采用Jameson中心格式,湍流采用修正的B-L模型.通过数值模拟揭示了在头部开始产生非对称涡,形成二次涡的机理以及在背风侧形成集中涡的过程.从而说明了采用集中涡来模拟这类流场的正确性,表明了二次涡对多个脱体集中涡形成的贡献.     

三维机翼大迎角低速绕流及其涡控制的数值模拟

通过数值求解三维非定常可压缩雷诺平均Navier-Stokes方程，研究了三维机翼大迎角低速绕流及其带表面周期性吹吸气的流动控制，并探讨了非定常质量引射作为外激发手段对机翼气动力特性的影响，计算表明，在机翼前缘附近的小区域内施加周期性吹吸气进行流动控制，这类外激发手段对三维机翼的大迎角分离流动的控制是可行的，通过选择适当的控制参数，尤其是合适的周期性激振频率，可以有效地改善气动力特性。     

高速大攻角Re数效应试验与分析

采用两个尺度不同的某战斗机模型,在2.4m高速风洞中进行了大攻角Re数效应试验研究。试验攻角范围为0°~70°,基于前机身端部当量直径的ReD=0.42×106~2.27×106。试验结果表明,Re数对大攻角试验数据影响明显;表面微几何效应、M数同样对大攻角气动特性也有一定影响;模型头部贴“八”字形粗糙带可以减弱Re数的影响,却不能获得高Re数下的试验结果。     

大迎角下俯仰振荡对细长体气动特性的影响

通过对头部无扰动和有扰动的两个细长体模型进行数值计算,分析了各个流场中涡系结构和气动力变化历程,并对比两者之间的差别.发现在高频率小振幅的俯仰振荡作用下,头部无扰动和有扰动的细长体的流场随时间的发展慢慢由非对称转变为对称.相对于头部有扰动的细长体,在第一个振荡周期内非定常俯仰运动对头部无扰动的细长体作用更明显.     

粗糙带对细长体大迎角流动非对称性的影响

通过模型表面压力分布测量和表面油流图谱显示等试验手段,在低湍流度风洞中探讨了模型头部不同形式的粗糙带对细长体大迎角条件下流动非对称性的影响.结果表明:"条型"粗糙带可以有效改善流动非对称性、降低当地侧向力;"环型"粗糙带可以改善模型表面的分离状态,但是却增强了流动非对称性;"条型 环型"粗糙带对于表面流谱的影响较为复杂.但是这些形式的粗糙带都不能完全消除流动非对称性所产生的侧向力.试验结果还展示出了大迎角状态下,流动非对称性的存在形式与表现特征.     

鸭式飞机矢量喷流对大迎角气动特性的影响

针对单发鸭式布局飞机,通过低速风洞试验,研究了矢量喷流对飞机大迎角气动力的影响特性。研究结果表明：发动机喷口直径变大使得飞机大迎角升力和阻力系数增加,并产生低头力矩系数。喷流使得飞机大迎角升力和阻力系数明显增加,并产生低头力矩系数;大喷口状态喷流影响比小喷口状态高50%左右。发动机喷管上/下偏转时,矢量喷流对飞机上下表面气流诱导不对称,喷管上偏减小升力和阻力系数、产生抬头力矩系数,喷管下偏增加升力和阻力系数、产生低头力矩系数,且喷管下偏影响明显比上偏大。在此基础上,基于数值模拟结果对喷流与飞机主流的相互作用机理进行了分析。     

飞机大迎角非定常气动力建模研究进展

准确建立非定常气动力数学模型,是飞机大迎角飞行控制律设计、飞行动力学分析和飞行仿真的基础与前提。鉴于此,对大迎角非定常气动力建模研究进展,包括数学建模方法和人工智能建模方法两类进行了系统综述。其中：数学类建模方法是以对非定常流动现象和机理认识为基础的,主要有气动导数模型、非线性阶跃响应模型、状态空间模型、微分方程模型、非线性阶跃响应与状态空间混合模型以及迎角速率模型等;人工智能方法回避了复杂流动机理,属于黑箱非线性系统建模,主要有神经网络模型、模糊逻辑模型和支持向量机模型等。对于每种气动力模型,阐述了其建模思路和方法,给出了典型应用情况,并对其特点和局限性作了简要评述。最后,指出了当前大迎角非定常气动力建模研究工作存在的问题和未来研究方向。     

基于状态空间法的横航向非定常气动力建模

建立了大迎角下横航向非定常气动力的状态空间法的模型,并依据某战斗机的大迎角、大振幅单自由度偏航、滚转及偏航-滚转耦合运动的风洞实验数据,对状态空间模型进行结构辨识与参数估计。最后得到的模型辨识结果和预测值均与实验数据符合得很好,表明所建立的此种状态空间法的模型能准确地描述大迎角横航向非线性、非定常的气动力特性。此外,还得到了不同运动类型的特征时间常数。     

小展弦比飞翼大迎角状态空间气动力建模

现代军机大迎角区域性能对空中作战优势的建立有着重要影响,针对大迎角区域建立合适的数学模型对于飞行仿真、稳定性分析和控制律设计都有着重要作用,并且对于解决飞行安全问题和研究飞机失速和尾旋问题具有重要意义。针对小展弦比飞翼标模的迟滞特性,对状态空间模型进行改进,应用大振幅强迫振荡试验数据建立了非定常气动力模型,采用风洞典型机动模拟试验验证状态空间模型的有效性和适用性。结果表明：本文发展并改进的状态空间模型能够准确预测小展弦比飞翼标模不同机动下的非定常气动力特性,具有较强的工程实用性。     

HB-2 high-velocity correlation model at high angles of attack in supersonic wind tunnel tests

Responding to a need for experimental data on a standard wind tunnel model at high angles of attack in the supersonic speed range, and in the absence of suitable reference data, a series of tests of two HB-2 standard models of different sizes was performed in the T-38 trisonic wind tunnel of Vojnotehnickˇi Institut(VTI), in the Mach number range 1.5–4.0, at angles of attack up to+30°. Tests were performed at relatively high Reynolds numbers of 2.2 millions to 4.5 millions(based on model forebody diameter). Results were compared with available low angle of attack data from other facilities, and, as a good agreement was found, it was assumed that, by implication, the obtained high angle of attack results were valid as well. Therefore, the results can be used as a reference database for the HB-2 model at high angles of attack in the supersonic speed range, which was not available before. The results are presented in comparison with available reference data, but also contain data for some Mach numbers not given in other publications.     

Unsteady aerodynamic modeling at high angles of attack using support vector machines

Accurate aerodynamic models are the basis of flight simulation and control law design.Mathematically modeling unsteady aerodynamics at high angles of attack bears great difficulties in model structure determination and parameter estimation due to little understanding of the flow mechanism.Support vector machines(SVMs)based on statistical learning theory provide a novel tool for nonlinear system modeling.The work presented here examines the feasibility of applying SVMs to high angle-of-attack unsteady aerodynamic modeling field.Mainly,after a review of SVMs,several issues associated with unsteady aerodynamic modeling by use of SVMs are discussed in detail,such as selection of input variables,selection of output variables and determination of SVM parameters.The least squares SVM(LS-SVM)models are set up from certain dynamic wind tunnel test data of a delta wing and an aircraft configuration,and then used to predict the aerodynamic responses in other tests.The predictions are in good agreement with the test data,which indicates the satisfying learning and generalization performance of LS-SVMs.     

大迎角分离流场在等离子体控制下的特性研究

设计了一种新型的大迎角主动流动控制方法。采用圆锥-圆柱组合体模拟飞行器前体,在靠近圆锥尖端处镶嵌了一对马蹄形单电极介质阻挡放电（single_Dielectric Barrier Discharge SDBD）等离子体激励器,通过风洞实验研究了等离子体激励器在不同状态下对大迎角模型前体的非对称气动载荷的控制作用。实验结果表明,通过控制等离子体激励器的开闭可以使得圆锥-圆柱组合体在大迎角下出现的侧力改变方向。还对通过调节单侧等离子体激励器的激励电压实现圆锥前体侧力系数在正负极值间连续变化的可能性进行了初步的实验探索。     

纵向大迎角飞行品质对参数的灵敏度分析

采用等效系统,频域,时域等多种飞行品质评价方法和准则。根据数据计算结果分析了放宽带稳定的电传操纵飞机从小迎角到失速前大迎角纵短周期飞行品质对于气动及惯性参数变化的灵敏度。结果表明,飞行品质对操纵导数及惯矩的变化最灵敏,对升力线斜率变化呈一定的灵敏度,而对其它参数变化则不太灵敏,灵敏度具有体量值测随角而不同。     

Experimental investigation of influence of strake wings on self-induced roll motion at high angles of attack

The modern high performance air vehicles are required to have extreme maneuverability,which includes the ability of controlled maneuvers at high angle of attack. However, the nonlinear and unsteady aerodynamic phenomena, such as flow separation, vortices interaction, and vortices breaking down, will occur during the flight at high angle of attack, which could induce the uncommanded motions for the air vehicles. For the high maneuverable and agile air missile, the nonlinear roll motions would occur at the high angle of attack. The present work is focused on the selfinduced nonlinear roll motion for a missile configuration and discusses the influence of the strake wings on the roll motion according to the results from free-to-roll test and PIV measurement using the models assembled with different strake wings at a = 60°. The free-to-roll results show that the model with whole strake wings(baseline), the model assembled with three strake wings(Case A)and the model assembled with two opposite strake wings(Case C) experience the spinning, while the model assembled with two adjacent strake wings(Case B), the model assembled with one strake wing(Case D) and the model with no strake wing(Case E) trim or slightly vibrate at a certain ×rolling angle, which mean that the rolling stability can be improved by dismantling certain strake wings. The flow field results from PIV measurement show that the leeward asymmetric vortices are induced by the windward strake wings. The vortices would interact the strake wings and induce crossflow on the downstream fins to degrade the rolling stability of the model. This could be the main reason for the self-induced roll motion of the model at a = 60°.     

H1 output tracking control for flight control systems with time-varying delay

For flight control systems with time-varying delay, an H1 output tracking controller is proposed. The controller is designed for the discrete-time state-space model of general aircraft to reduce the ef...     

中-大迎角下圆锥前体流场的等离子体控制

在圆锥一圆柱组合体圆锥段的尖端区域布置一对单个介质阻挡放电激励器（SDBD）,通过风洞实验对圆锥前体分离涡流场的等离子体控制特性进行了研究。实验风速5m／s,迎角为25°和30°,采用表面压力测量技术,并通过对压力的积分得到侧向力系数。实验结果表明：通过控制激励器的开、关可以改变圆锥两侧压力分布不对称的模式,从而使得侧向力的大小和方向发生改变。研究表明：等离子体激励器可以对非双稳态下的圆锥前体分离涡流场进行有效的控制。     

三角翼大迎角绕流的数值模拟

采用FINETM/HEXA非结构网格流场计算软件包对三角翼飞行器的低速大迎角绕流进行了数值模拟.结果表明,计算值与实验数据符合较好,采用Agglomeration 方法能大幅度提高收敛速度,而网格自适应方法用总体不大的网格单元数可较精细地模拟流场.本文还分析了前缘分离涡破裂前后的流动现象和旋涡横截面流线图谱的变化规律.     

遥控驾驶无人机时间延迟与飞行品质分析

时间延迟是影响遥控驾驶无人机飞行品质的一个重要因素,在有人驾驶飞机飞行品质标准中,存在有效时间延迟和等效时间延迟两种概念以及相应的评估指标。对比有人驾驶飞机时间延迟的概念,分析了无人机时间延迟的组成,从飞行品质的角度出发给出了无人机时间延迟的定义和测量方法。利用飞行试验的手段,在遥控操纵模式下进行了典型试飞任务的试验,并基于试飞数据和试飞员评价,初步给出了时间延迟的试飞评估方法。