Cognitive performance aboard the life and microgravity spacelab

The impact of microgravity and other stressors on cognitive performance need to be quantified before long duration space flights are planned or attempted since countermeasures may be required. Four astronauts completed 38 sessions of a 20-minute battery of six cognitive performance tests on a laptop computer. Twenty-four sessions were preflight, 9 sessions were in-orbit, and 5 sessions were postflight. Mathematical models of learning were fit to each subject's preflight data for each of 14 dependent variables. Assuming continued improvement, expected values were generated from the models for in-orbit comparison. Using single subject designs, two subjects showed statistically significant in-orbit effects. One subject was degraded in two tests, the other was degraded in one test and exceeded performance expectations in another. Other subjects showed no statistically significant effects on the tests. The factors causing the deterioration in the two subjects can not be determined without appropriate ground-based control groups.     

Public school teachers in the U.S. evaluate the educational impact of student space experiments launched by expendable vehicles, aboard Skylab, and aboard Space Shuttle

Space education is a discipline that has evolved at an unprecedented rate over the past 25 years. Although program proceedings, research literature, and historical documentation have captured fragmented pieces of information about student space experiments, the field lacks a valid comprehensive study that measures the educational impact of sounding rockets, Skylab, Ariane, AMSAT, and Space Shuttle. The lack of this information is a problem for space educators worldwide which led to a national study with classroom teachers. Student flown experiments continue to offer a unique experiential approach to teach students thinking and reasoning skills that are imperative in the current international competitive environment in which they live and will work. Understanding the history as well as the current status and educational spin-offs of these experimental programs strengthens the teaching capacity of educators throughout the world to develop problem solving skills and various higher mental processes in the schools. These skills and processes enable students to use their knowledge more effectively and efficiently long after they leave the classroom. This paper focuses on student space experiments as a means of motivating students to meet this educational goal successfully.     

Investigation of Thermal Convection and Low-Frequency Microgravity by the DACON Sensor aboard the MirOrbital Complex

The DACON instrument for studying the convection caused by low frequency microaccelerations aboard spacecraft is described. The convection sensor serves as a measuring element of this instrument. This is a cylindrical cavity filled with air, where two crossed differential thermocouples are located. The thermocouple junctions lay on two mutually perpendicular lines parallel to the bases of the cylinder and crossing at its axis. The distances from the junctions to this axis are equal. The lateral surface of the cylinder is thermally insulated, the difference of temperatures on its bases being kept constant. One of the tasks for the sensor is to prepare the data for checking the adequacy of mathematical models of fluid convection under weightlessness conditions and for obtaining quantitative characteristics of the microgravitational medium. The results of ground-based tests of the DACON instrument and the results of experiments with it aboard the Mirstation are presented.     

Meteor wake in high frame-rate images--implications for the chemistry of ablated organic compounds

Extraterrestrial organic matter may have been chemically altered into forms more ameanable for prebiotic chemistry in the wake of a meteor after ablation. We measured the rate of cooling of the plasma in the meteor wake from the intensity decay just behind a meteoroid by freezing its motion in high frame-rate 1000 frames/s video images, with an intensified camera that has a short phosphor decay time. Though the resulting cooling rate was found to be lower than theoretically predicted, our calculations indicated that there would have been insufficient collisions to break apart large organic compounds before most reactive radicals and electrons were lost from the air plasma. Organic molecules delivered from space to the early Earth via meteors might therefore have survived in a chemically altered form. In addition, we discovered that relatively small meteoroids generated far-ultraviolet emission that is absorbed in the immediate environment of the meteoroid, which may chemically alter the atmosphere over a much larger region than previously recognized.     

Cosmic dosimetry using TLD aboard spacecrafts of the "Cosmos" series

Thermoluminescent (TL) detectors were used for dosimetric investigations on the outer surface as well as inside Soviet spacecrafts of the "Cosmos" series. At the outer surface, ultrathin TL detectors, based on CaF2-PTFE and LiF, were arranged in special stacks and exposed to unshielded cosmic radiation. The strong decrease of dose within a few mg/cm2 demonstrates that weakly penetrating radiation is dominating in the radiation field under investigation. On the basis of glow curve analysis of LiF thermoluminescent detectors it could be shown, that the high doses are caused by electrons.     

Stationary Motions of a Homogeneous Meteor Ring in the Gravitational Field of a Center

The problem of studying a ring in the gravitational field of a center arose after the discovery of Saturn's rings by Galileo and subsequent discovery of the rings of other planets of the Solar System. Modern theoretical investigations of the existence and stability of planetary rings are mostly related to studies of plane differentially rotating discs [1]. As opposed to this line of research, this paper follows the approach established in classical works [2–4].     

国内外钝感弹药评估标准的发展与分析

阐述钝感弹药的概念及其评估标准的重要性,介绍国内外钝感弹药评估标准的发展过程及现状,对我国钝感弹药标准发展的现状进行分析并提出建议.     

Ions with a Mass Number of Two in Mass-Spectrometric Experiments aboard Rockets and Satellites

Deuterium ions D⁺and doubly-charged helium ions He⁺⁺have the same mass-to- charge ratio (M/Z= 2) and are not distinguished by the mass-spectrometer. On the basis of analysis of published data, Interkosmos-24satellite data, and theoretical estimations, it is shown that in the ionosphere and plasmasphere the ion with a mass number of two is He⁺⁺and not D⁺, at least at altitudes of higher than 600–800 km. Arguments in favor of the validity of this assumption at lower altitudes are presented. Regularities of the dependence of the N(He⁺⁺)/N(He⁺) ratio on altitude, time of day, season, and solar activity are derived. It is found that in the daytime the N(He⁺⁺)/N(He⁺) ratio decreases with increasing solar activity. The seasonal dependence is most pronounced at nighttime in the altitude interval 1000–2000 km, where this ratio decreases in passing from winter to summer. Peculiarities of the latitude distribution of the absolute and relative values of the He⁺⁺concentration are found in the Interkosmos-24satellite data. On the basis of the same data, a strong longitude effect in the N(He⁺⁺) concentration occurring under certain heliogeophysical conditions is discovered, an effect amplitude attaining one order of magnitude on adjacent orbits. An interpretation of this effect is given.     

CBERS-02热红外波段绝对辐射定标及其不确定性分析

文章介绍了2004年CBERS-02星热红外波段绝对定标工作,结合野外试验情况和数据处理过程深入进行了不确定性因素分析(包括误差分析),并从亮温反演的角度分析定标精度,进而针对如何提高在轨卫星热红外波段绝对辐射定标的精度,进行了探讨。     

CBERS-O2热红外波段绝对辐射定标及其不确定性分析

文章介绍了2004年CBERS-O2星热红外波段绝对定标工作，结合野外试验情况和数据处理过程深入进行了不确定性因素分析（包括误差分析），并从亮温反演的角度分析定标精度，进而针对如何提高在轨卫星热红外波段绝对辐射定标的精度，进行了探讨。     

Estimation of the determination accuracy of orbit parameters of the apophis asteroid from measurement results

An analysis of the existing astrometric and radar observations of the Apophis asteroid is performed. On the basis of this analysis, characteristics of future measurements of the asteroid orbit and limitation on their conduction are accepted. A proposed launching of a spacecraft to the asteroid in order to obtain high-accuracy measurements of its distance and radial velocity is also considered. Trajectories of the flight to the asteroid in 2012–2022 are studied. Estimates of the accuracy of the Apophis position determination at various sets of both available and planned measurements at various numbers of determined parameters are obtained. The method of estimating accuracy is similar to that used in [1] for the Vega project.     

CBERS-1卫星CCD相机绝对辐射校正试验

文章在阐述中国CBERS_1卫星对绝对辐射校正需求的基础上 ,论述了CBERS_1卫星的辐射校正方法和技术流程 ,着重阐述星地同步观测前的技术准备、星地同步观测中测量参数的数据采集方法和数据处理分析。最后计算出CBERS_1卫星CCD相机的绝对辐射校正系数和误差分析 ,对CBERS_1卫星和类似的其他遥感卫星有示范作用     

Alenia SIR-M二次雷达28V电压调整模块电路分析及维修

深圳雷达站安装的Alenia SIR-M二次雷达服役将近20年,在经过了很长时间的稳定运行期后,现在设备元器件开始老化,故障率上升,特别是电源部分,一旦出现故障将导致整个通道无法工作。论文对Alenia SIR-M二次雷达28V电压调整模块电路进行了详细的分析,并针对一次28V模块故障维修进行了阐述和总结。     

电离层对雷达测量精度的影响及校正方法研究

电离层的衰减、吸收、折射、相移、时延、色散、极化旋转等特性影响着无线电信号的传播,会对雷达的探测性能产生影响.在分析电离层对雷达测距、测角的影响的基础上,提出了雷达双频校正法,并对该方法的原理进行分析,对校正的流程进行论述.     

浅谈"过程的监视和测量"

概述了ISO9001∶2000中“过程的监视和测量”的目的和意义,重点探讨了实施“过程的监视和测量”的常用方法,并对管理、产品制作等过程中的监视和测量、实现途径和应用技术作了分析与说明。     

卫星测控系统的信息融合技术研究

研究了在轨卫星的运行状况和测控信息系统的主要内容,结合信息融合技术,全面地提出开发具有分析决策、知识发掘和智能推理等功能的实时测控系统,进一步保障在轨卫星的运行和提高地面测控信息系统的可靠性与鲁棒性.     

CA6145i型车床噪声检测与降噪处理

通过对新机型CA6145i卧式车床进行噪声攻关试验,得出此型号机床噪声声压级超标,且主轴箱中伴有不规则的杂声。应用频谱分析法找到噪声源,采取相应措施降低或消除噪声,为车床的批量投产奠定基础。     

The In-orbit Application of 25Nms Gyroscope Fills the Gap in Domestic Market

After the successful launch of Yaogan 14, the 25Nms control moment gyroscope onboard the Yaogan 14 satellite successfully finished the attitude maneuver commands to the satellite and operates in a normal state. The successful maiden use of the 25Nms gyroscope fills the gap in the field of small control moment gyroscopes in the     

接收机中信道不平衡及测幅误差的校准

现代电子战条件下,信道化接收机作为一种重要的接收机结构已在电子对抗中得到了广泛的应用.针对一种实用的接收机中存在的幅度测量误差及各信道不平衡性,提出了真值查找表的校准方法,较好地改善了接收机的测幅精度及各信道的一致性.