嫦娥1号的奔月之路

从地球到月球不但距离遥远,将近40万公里,而且月球自身还在围绕地球进行公转,平均运动速度1.023公里/秒。因此,     

通向月球之路

通向月球的路是漫长的。从现在起,有针对性地对空间探测理论与技术进行研究是非必需的。本文对月球探测轨道作一介绍,利用借力飞行和WSB转移,减少轨道机动所需的△V,从而减少发射费用,这对支持长期的持续的空间探测是非常必要的。离子推进推力器是空间探测用推进器的理想选择,应继续进行研究,并进行飞行试验验证。     

嫦娥1号卫星奔向月球

10月24日,在党的十七大刚刚胜利落幕之际,我国自行研制的第一颗月球探测卫星——嫦娥1号由长征3号甲火箭成功发射升     

双星探月，美欲重返月球

北京时间2009年6月19日凌晨5点,NASA发射两颗卫星探月。这是美国“重返月球”计划的第一步。美国是最先探索月球的国家之一。从卫星“绕月”到“阿波罗”飞船首次登月,再到如今“重返月球”计划中建立永久性月球基地,美国的月球探索已进入更深屡次。月球,田其独特的空间位置,被美国视为太空探索的重要跳板。     

Chang'e 2's Journey to the Moon

<正>OCTOBER 1:INITIAL STAGE OF THE FLIGHT TO THE mOON At 18:59,October 1,2010,a LM-3C launch vehicle blasted off from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center (XSLC) and precisely placed China's second lunar probe Chang'e 2 into the Earth-moon transfer orbit. Chang'e 2 began its 112-hour journey to the moon and the second phase of China Lunar Exploration Program was formally started.     

嫦娥二号的奔月之旅

<正>10月1日:踏上奔月之旅10月1日18时59分,长征三号丙运载火箭从西昌卫星发射中心豪迈出征,将中国探月工程二期的先导星——嫦娥二号卫星准确送入地月转移轨道。嫦娥二号卫星踏上了     

月宫传回动听的民族乐曲

"嫦娥"亲临广寒宫,带来了古老东方的天籁之音。《谁不说俺家乡好》、《爱我中华》、《歌唱祖国》……这让我们想起了37年前我国发射的第一颗卫星——东方红1号。它将音乐带     

是分开月球和火星的时候了

给出了国外对于载人深空探测的另外一个角度的看法,指出必须充分认识到载人火星探测的风险和成本,应优先考虑发展空间能力,解决社会民生问题。     

Return to the Moon: A sustainable strategy

On 14 January 2004 President George Bush announced his vision for space exploration, to include a human return to the Moon. He argued that, with a moderate increase in NASA's annual expenditure, such a return was possible. This paper is an exploration of how the President's space initiative can be realised on an international co-operative basis along similar lines to those already existing with the international space station (ISS). By abandoning the concept of a lunar landing as the major goal of a lunar programme, the initiative is made feasible. The three-stage plan here presented meshes with the currently evolving plans for the US space initiative to provide a realistic, affordable and sustainable strategy for manned lunar exploration. It represents a significant opportunity for the USA to unite and lead the world on this grand, civilisation defining adventure.     

全球携手探索月球和火星的新举措

2007年5月30日～6月1日在意大利举行的国际会议上,代表着世界主要航天发展国家的意大利、英国、法国、中国、加拿大、澳大利亚、德国、印度、日本、韩国、美国、乌克兰、俄罗斯和包括17个国家的欧空局等14个航天机构签订协议,向在未来空间探索中建立国际协调机制、保证使用通用技术标准进行机器人和载人的月球、火星探索迈出了第一步。这标志着载人行星探索全球共享构想的新时代即将到来。     

Microgravity and the organisms: results of the Spacelab mission D1.

During the Spacelab mission D1 different organisms were investigated at the unicellular and multicellular level respectively. Microgravity affects growth and development of the organisms in a different manner, some processes are enhanced, others are inhibited. On the other hand, there are a lot of parameters. e.g. circadian rhythm or cell and organ polarity, which seem to be exclusively under genetical control.     

美两个探月器将为月球基地选址并撞击月球

继日本、中国和印度2007～2008年相继发射月球探测卫星之后．美国航空航天局（NASA）又在2009年6月18日一举发射两个月球探测器．其中一个要对月球进行猛烈撞击。这将使全球月球探测活动愈演愈烈。     

Conference round-up: Space,defence and trips to the Moon

What are the trends in missile defence, the perceptions of space and defence in society and the now emergent commercial human spaceflight industry? Europe seems stuck in a financial rut and unable to fashion a united approach, the USA and Russia have not acknowledged the need to understand the issues in a context broader than that of a bilateral debate over the intentions of Iran, and a growing number of companies is getting serious about taking paying customers into space. This report covers the Royal United Services Institute (RUSI) Missile Defence Conference 2012; the RUSI Defence, Industries and Society Conference 2012 and the third European Space Tourism Conference held at the Royal Aeronautical Society in July, all in London.     

Short profile for the human spacecraft Soyuz-TMA rendezvous mission to the ISS

Reduction of flight duration after insertion till docking to the ISS is considered. In the beginning of the human flight era both the USSR and the USA used short mission profiles due to limited life support resources. A rendezvous during these missions was usually achieved in 1–5 revolutions. The short-term rendezvous were made possible by the coordinated launch profiles of both rendezvousing spacecraft, which provided specific relative position of the spacecraft or phase angle conditions. After the beginning of regular flights to the orbital stations these requirements became difficult to fulfill. That is why it was decided to transfer to 1- or 2-day rendezvous profile. The long stay of a crew in a limited habitation volume of the Soyuz-TMA spacecraft before docking to the ISS is one of the most strained parts of the flight and naturally cosmonauts wish to dock to the ISS as soon as possible. As a result of previous studies the short four-burn rendezvous mission profile with docking in a few orbits was developed. It is shown that the current capabilities of the Soyuz-FG launch vehicle and the Soyuz-TMA spacecraft are sufficient to provide for that. The first test of the short rendezvous mission during Progress cargo vehicle flight to the ISS is planned for 2012. Possible contingencies pertinent to this profile are described. In particular, in the majority of the emergency cases there is a possibility of an urgent transfer to the present 2-day rendezvous profile. Thus, the short mission will be very flexible and will not influence the ISS mission plan. Fuel consumption for the nominal and emergency cases is defined by statistical simulation of the rendezvous mission. The qualitative analysis of the short-term and current 2-day rendezvous missions is performed.     

Magnifying our world: Why we must extend civilization to the Moon

Since the completion of its original prehistoric migration some 10 000 years ago, humankind has had nowhere else on Earth to go. The Space Age has produced the wherewithal for a new off-Earth human migration to restart, with the Moon as the clear initial destination. As insurance against cataclysmic and human-induced natural disasters, as a means of creating new commercial industrial–financial opportunities at a time of fundamental change in the global economy, and as a way for the USA to regain some international political influence, it should pursue Moon settlement vigorously and soon. However, the developing US space exploration program being designed by NASA for such an undertaking is too narrowly confined to the pursuit of natural-science objectives. There must be fundamental involvement of the private sector and of a much wider range of professionals and federal departments therein.     

Navigation support for the RadioAstron mission

A developed method of determination of orbital parameters allows one to estimate, along with orbit elements, some additional parameters that characterize solar radiation pressure and perturbing accelerations due to unloadings of reactiion wheels. A parameterized model of perturbing action of solar radiation pressure on the spacecraft motion is described (this model takes into account the shape, reflecting properties of surfaces, and spacecraft attitude). Some orbit determination results are presented obtained by the joint processing of radio measurements of slant range and Doppler, laser range measurements used to calibrate the radio measurements, optical observations of right ascension and declination, and telemetry data on spacecraft thrusters’ firings during an unloading of reaction wheels.