飞行仿真气动力数据机器学习建模方法

基于机器学习思想,提出了一种大空域、宽速域的气动力建模方法。该方法利用飞行仿真弹道数据辨识的气动力数据,采用人工神经网络技术,实现了对高度、速度、姿态和舵偏角等多维度强非线性特性的全弹道气动力数据的高精度逼近。首先,分析了神经网络层数、隐含层神经元个数等对建模误差的影响,通过对典型弹道气动数据的神经网络建模计算,确定了较合适的神经网络层数和较优的隐层神经元个数。进而,利用飞行仿真的弹道数据辨识出沿弹道的气动力,采用神经网络建立了包含多个弹道融合的气动力模型,输出量分别为三轴气动力系数和力矩系数。最后通过气动模型输出量与原样本数据的对比,以及4条未参与训练弹道气动数据的预测,验证了该气动力建模方法具有较高的精度。建模结果表明:采用神经网络方法建立的飞行器气动力模型,对拟合多源耦合输入全弹道非线性气动力是可行的和有效的,在样本覆盖的高度、速度、姿态和控制舵偏角范围内,气动力拟合能力较强,并具有一定的外推性。该项研究可以为基于飞行试验数据的气动建模提供新的方法,并且能为飞行器气动力数据挖掘、飞行仿真和总体性能分析提供参考。     

直升机机动飞行仿真的气动建模及试验研究

 建立了适用于直升机机动飞行仿真的动力学模型。为了提高模型的真实度,着重通过瞬态操纵实验研究建立了旋翼非定常气动模型;又通过旋翼/ 机身气动干扰试验研究,并运用神经网络技术建立了一种新的机身气动力模型。使用该仿真模型做出的UH260A 直升机仿真计算结果与飞行试验数据符合良好。     

变系数飞行器系统气动系数辨识计算与应用

本文研究了变系数飞行器系统气动系数的辨识算法。变系数系统的辨识计算通常是非常困难的。本文依据飞行试验中实际测量,通过对飞行器变系数微分方程组中系数变化趋势的分析,转方程中变系数为一个变化规律已知的函数与未知常数的乘积,把这些未知常数当作待定系数,然后推广Newton-Ra-phson法到变系数微分方程组中,通过迭代法求这些待定系数,这样就使得复杂的变系数飞行器系统的辨识计算得以实现。为了证明这种算法的有效性,本文从飞行器的一次不稳定飞行的测量数据,计算了该飞行器的气动系数,并讨论了辨识计算所得气动系数的可信度,计算结果与实际符合较好,在改进飞行器的飞行试验中起了一定作用。     

操纵面故障对飞行包线的影响研究

进行飞机操纵机构故障时飞行包线估计对提高飞行安全具有重要意义。针对飞机操纵面故障特点,提出一种在线飞行包线估计方法。首先根据操纵面对飞行动力学参数的影响建立故障参数模型,然后应用基于遗忘因子的最小二乘参数估计方法进行气动参数的在线估计,最后基于参数估计结果进行包线的精确估算和分析,计算结果可为驾驶员和包线保护控制提供参考。仿真分析表明,该方法能精确估计飞行包线范围。     

基于物理信息神经网络的飞机气动参数辨识方法

在飞机设计与研制过程中，通过气动参数辨识建立可靠的飞行动力学模型非常重要。传统的气动参数辨识工程算法，诸如极大似然法，需要给出合理的飞行动力学模型以及待辨识参数的初值。基于传统神经网络的气动参数辨识可以避免飞行动力学建模过程，这种方法需要通过增量法、导数法间接地从神经网络提取气动参数。本文提出了一种基于物理信息神经网络的飞机气动参数辨识方法，可将含待辨识参数的飞行动力学模型作为正则项加入损失函数，直接辨识得到气动参数。该方法可以显著减少建模数据需求，也能提高建模精度。飞行仿真数据验证结果表明，该方法的无噪声、含2%噪声仿真数据，纵向飞行状态空间模型辨识最大相对误差分别为1.80%、4.64%，表明了基于物理信息神经网络的飞机气动参数辨识方法具有可行性，并对含噪声的飞行数据具有泛化性。     

VxWorks下飞行模拟系统研究与设计

介绍了基于嵌入式实时操作系统VxWorks的无人机仿真系统。建立了无人机动力学及运动学数学模型,给出了气动系数的拉格朗日插值计算方法,采用一种全新的方法实现飞行模拟,即利用RTW接口下载飞机数学模型到VxWorks操作系统。最后给出了半物理仿真和全数字仿真的对比曲线,验证了仿真系统的正确性。该系统的研制成功,对于验证无人机飞控/导航控制律及加快无人机研制进度有重要意义。     

基于飞行试验的模拟器气动模型校准方法

针对模拟器客观测试标准要求及仿真模型模拟逼真度需求,提出了一种基于飞行试验的模拟器气动模型校准方法。首先,以经过预处理的飞行试验数据和模拟数据为基础分别辨识得到气动导数;然后分析两辨识结果的统计关系,以确定修正系数;最后,根据不同状态点修正系数随动压变化规律建立了修正系数插值表,达到对仿真模型进行校准的目的。飞行试验数据验证表明,校准后的仿真气动模型容差范围能满足模拟器客观测试要求,显著提高了仿真模型模拟逼真度。     

基于深度学习的飞行器故障情况下可配平能力快速预示方法

针对飞行器在执行机构故障条件下配平能力受限的问题，本文提出了一种基于深度学习的故障情况下可配平能力快速预示方法。首先，建立飞行器气动力矩和执行机构故障模型，并给出飞行器旋转配平条件。其次，在不同执行机构故障情况下，采用基于二次规划的可配平能力求解方法，在迎角/侧滑角二维平面内进行遍历求解，得到当前故障情况下的可配平能力剖面，并采用8个特征点进行包络，同时为所提方法提供样本。再次，利用深度神经网络强大的拟合能力，从样本中提取故障和气动力矩信息作为网络输入，特征点的迎角和侧滑角的值作为网络输出，离线训练深度神经网络。利用训练好的深度神经网络根据当前故障信息实时计算可配平能力剖面。最后，通过仿真验证了所提方法的有效性和实时性。     

待机状态下机翼结冰的快速计算方法

飞机在飞行过程中遭遇结冰气象,尤其是过冷大水滴结冰条件所导致的机翼结冰,将严重影响飞机的气动性能与操纵品质,从而导致飞行故障或飞行事故,是飞机飞行安全的重要影响因素,是飞机研制中必须重点解决的难题。虽然针对结冰已建立有多种计算仿真程序,但快速获得结冰模拟冰形,包括过冷大水滴条件下的结冰模型是工程师们一直追求的解决方案。利用前向多层神经网络,尝试建立了一种针对待机状态下的机翼结冰模型。此方法基于坐标转换原理,将获取的采用直角坐标表达的标准翼型的机翼结冰数据转换为对应的极坐标表达的数据,以飞行参数、气象参数和极坐标角度作为输入,极坐标模值作为输出训练构建出此种机翼结冰模型。使用所建立的模型,仿真预测结果表明该计算方法具备快速性和精确性,其计算精度可满足实际要求。     

一种飞行器投放分离气动力辨识修正方法

空中投放发射的大翼面飞行器的分离轨迹与姿态受载机干扰流场影响更加明显,对分离时干扰气动数据库的准确性提出了更高要求。针对投放分离干扰气动力特点,提出了一种简化的差量气动力模型,并给出了一套飞行数据处理与参数预估计的方法。分离段飞行数据的辨识结果与六自由度飞行动力学仿真结果说明了提出的差量气动模型与相关数据处理方法的有效性。用辨识结果对气动数据库进行修正提高了数据库的准确度,可提高分离安全飞行仿真分析的精度。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.