固体火箭发动机0.5%高精度测试系统推力参数测量不确定度的评定

本文根据航天部标准《固体火箭发动机测量不确定度的评定》(QJ1275-87)方法,分析综合了“固体火箭发动机0.5%高精度测试系统”推力测量相对总不确定度,结论为0.3%,为全面贯彻该部标提供了应用实例.     

STW试验通讯卫星远地点发动机真空总冲测试技术

本文介绍了影响STW试验通讯卫星固体推进剂远地点发动机真空冲测量的各种因素及其所造成的不确定度大小,着重介绍了推力、燃烧室压强、负压等参数的误差源.总结了该发动机高空模拟试车的经验,同时叙述了降低真空总冲测量不确定度的设想与实现途径.     

一种改进的航空发动机高空模拟试验推力测量方法

为满足航空发动机高空模拟试验中推力高精度、快速测量要求,提出一种改进的推力测量方法。建立高空模拟试验推力测量稳态模型和动态模型,对试验振动的影响进行了仿真分析和试验验证,提出了对测量动架振动进行在线补偿的动态推力测量方法。从测量不确定度评估入手,讨论了动态推力测量方法在不确定度方面的局限性,提出了基于数字滤波的稳态推力测量方法。根据两种方法的特点,采用优选算法,在发动机过渡态时输出动态推力测量结果,在发动机稳态时输出稳态推力滤波结果。在发动机高空台试验中的检验结果表明,该方法能实现推力的高精度、快速测量。     

一种微推力测量系统的推力不确定度标定方法

利用微推力测量系统有助于星载微推力器性能的测评和研发,而其不确定度的标定可以判断实验测量结果的可信度,本文提出一种推力测量系统的推力不确定度标定方法。通过对推力测量系统施加已知标准力,根据推力测量系统的系统响应反演计算推力估计值,将已知标准力与推力估计值比较,以此标定推力测量系统的推力不确定度,并且给出推力不确定度和推力误差。所提方法具有以下主要特征：（1）利用推力积分方程离散化为推力离散化线性方程组求解推力加载全程的动态推力;（2）根据标准力不确定度和推力估计值不确定度,综合评价推力不确定度;（3）依据标准不确定度和扩展不确定度,获得给定置信度条件下的推力相对误差。本文基于所提方法对某亚毫牛级推力测量系统的不确定度进行了实验评估。结果表明在给定95%置信度条件下,其推力测量误差小于2%。所提出的推力不确定度标定方法,可为星载微推力器的推力误差评定提供了高置信度、高精度测评方法和手段。     

CS-01高空台推力测量和校准装置研制

推力是涡喷涡扇发动机高空模拟试验的重要测量参数之一。CS－01高空台原推力测量采用杠杆、砝码、测力秤系统，现采用原位校准，液压加载、应变式推力传感器来测量和校准，从而消除了“高度差”的影响，降低了稳态推力测量系统的测量不确定度。     

结合不确定度的发动机模型辨识气路诊断

针对航空发动机气路诊断中测量参数个数小于待诊断参数个数的不适定问题,利用了发动机平衡技术,结合非线性的发动机数学模型,并综合考虑了测量参数的不确定度和理论模型部件性能的不确定度,建立了一种结合不确定度的发动机气路故障诊断辨识算法——变分加权最小二乘法,并将该算法应用于某发动机的诊断分析中.结果表明:运用该方法可分析出测量数据和模型计算数据之间的差别,同时,利用所得的故障参数修正量修正原发动机数学模型,使模型计算推力与试验测量推力最大偏差由8.25%减小到1.66%,耗油率最大偏差由6.25%减小到1.50%.      

基于地面试验的涡扇发动机装机推力损失分析

为评定涡扇发动机装机推力损失,基于推力直接确定方法开展了发动机推力测量地面试验。通过改进完善安装节推力数据处理方法、进气道冲压阻力计算方法来提高总推力测量精度,分析表明:台架试验推力测量最大误差为2.41%,11架次飞行后停机状态发动机总推力测量误差小于0.8 kN,基本满足推力测量评定的需求。以相同状态台架试验数据为基准,对比发现:随着发动机功率状态增大,总推力损失呈明显增大趋势,中间状态换算总推力损失达到了17.95%,最大状态换算总推力损失达到了27.72%。通过分析风扇换算转速、换算流量等关键参数,得出:装机后受进气道的影响,导致换算流量明显小于同等状态下台架试验的换算流量,同时进气道内气流总压的过大损失,是造成装机后发动机推力损失明显的主要原因。     

双喷管差动式小推力测量装置的设计与分析

为了研究喷管型面对小推力火箭发动机推力性能的影响,设计并建设了双喷管差动式小推力测量装置及其附属设备.在测量装置中,基准喷管和待测喷管同轴反向设置,通过测量结构应变来直接测量两个喷管的推力差.对测量装置进行了简化模型理论分析,导出其灵敏系数理论公式.依据该公式进行关键参数设计,确定合理的灵敏系数,指导试验系统设计,以保证测量精度.验证性试验表明测量装置可以测量牛级推力差,标定曲线线性较好,以基准喷管推力作为比较对象,推力差的相对扩展不确定度为0.5％.推力差与基准喷管推力的比值越小,以基准喷管推力为比较对象的相对测量不确定度越小.测量装置可以用于小推力火箭发动机喷管性能分析及优化的试验研究.     

航空发动机压力测量箱自动校准系统设计

介绍了航空发动机压力测量箱自动校准系统的结构组成及功能实现,并对其测量结果的不确定度进行分析评定。该系统的设计可提高工作效率,避免手动校准带来的不确定度因素,拓宽了航空发动机压力测量的校准渠道,为测量结果的准确性提供保障。     

航空发动机推力测量方法

<正>推力是航空发动机最主要的性能指标之一,对其进行准确测量对于发动机研制与性能评定具有重要意义。发动机推力通常通过地面台架试验直接获取,目前普遍使用基于稳态模型的方法测量。由于该方法的测量值包含了动架的振动干扰、惯性干扰和运动阻尼干扰,使得发动机稳态时测量结果包含有波动干扰、过渡态时测量滞后,影响发动机稳态和过渡态性能评估。为满足航空发动机高空模拟试验中推力高精度、快速测量要求,国外对此开展了推力测量动力学特性研究、动态测量特性检验试验及测量结果数字补偿等研究,实现了推力的动态测量。国内在航空发动机动态推力测量方面还未见相关报道。本期《一种改进的航空发动机高空模拟试验推力测量方法》一文,通过建立高空模拟试验推力测量稳态模型和动态模型,对试验振动的影响进行仿真分析和试验验证,提出了对测量动架振动进行在线补偿的动态推力测量方法。并从测量不     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.