X射线脉冲星导航硬件脉冲轮廓累积研究

为了在X射线脉冲星地面实验系统仿真源模拟产生X射线的基础上,能够快速稳定地得到脉冲轮廓,采用硬件历元叠加的方法获得脉冲轮廓。研究了用硬件实现历元叠加及其数据整合的算法,该算法首先在MATLAB现场可编程逻辑阵列(FPGA)中实现,再通过MATLAB硬件描述语言(HDL)代码生成模块把算法转换成HDL,经编译后获得配置硬件的Bit文件,最终在开发板FPGA上实现数据处理的硬件模块。一段时间内的光子到达时间数据通过MATLAB算法得到的脉冲轮廓数据与通过硬件模块处理后得到的数据结果存在误差,在单个时间窗口内误差最大值为2个光子数,误差平均值占光子数统计平均值的0.084%;两组统计的脉冲轮廓数据中不同数据占总数据个数的9.481%,这样的误差不影响后端模拟导航模块的导航。利用硬件实现的历元叠加及其数据整合模块具有处理速度快、设备紧凑、功耗低的特点,为航天器利用X射线脉冲星导航提供了一种可行的硬件数据处理技术上的支持。     

基于对应分析的航空器维修差错主要原因分析

本文利用SPSS软件，对我国民航公司航空器维修差错的主要原因情况的数据进行了对应分析。通过二维图可以直观地看出航空器各类维修差错所引起的主要原因，并依据分析结果提出了民航公司应采取的措施，从而给出了我国民用航空公司航空器维修操作方面的建议指导。     

无网格方法关于导数计算的程序验证

为了提高无网格方法对空间导数的数值计算能力,提出并论证了新的适用于直角坐标系、柱坐标系和球坐标系的空间导数无网格算法。基于数值解与理论解的对比分析,对数值误差和收敛性进行了后验评估。评估结果表明:该算法对函数和导数的估计均为2阶精度,支撑域尺度对数值误差的大小有一定影响,但不影响数值计算的精度等级。在离散尺度h为0.01的条件下,对所选函数及其导数的数值计算相对误差不大于0.65%。      

某型涡扇发动机测量数据融合模型

为提高传感器测量数据的有效性、可信性,基于共同工作方程,采用原始对偶内点法对某型涡扇发动机测量数据进行了融合分析。通过案例研究了当可测量参数存在误差时融合模型对流量、温度及压力等参数的预测效果;使用两种初值更新法,测试了不同工况下的物理运算时间;研究了约束违反程度对数据融合效果的影响;测试了关键传感器失效情况下,动态数据融合模型对缺失参数的预测效果,提出了进一步加快计算速度的方法。结果表明:通过数据融合,测量数据和未测量参数的不确定度下降到1%以内;通过算法优化,运算时间减小到5s,为发动机状态监控、传感器维护和传感器失效情况下发动机控制策略的制定提供了支持。     

基于EMD-SVR的光纤陀螺随机误差预测

为了提升光纤陀螺随机误差建模的准确性及补偿结果,提出了一种基于经验模态分解与支持向量机结合的随机误差预测方法。鉴于随机误差的非线性及不稳定性,直接进行预测时精度不高,采用经验模态分解对原始数据进行分解以降低时间序列的复杂程度;然后根据经验模态分解得到的各本征模态函数及趋势序列,构建基于支持向量机的预测模型;再将所得的各分量的预测结果综合以得到光纤陀螺随机误差的预测结果。以光纤陀螺随机误差数据作为验证,结果表明,相较于传统的预测方法,均方根误差与平均绝对误差分别降低了78.4%和75.5%,有效提高了回归精度。     

A320驾驶舱人为错误的管理

防止驾驶舱人为错误是保障飞行安全的有效措施。根据Helmreich操作类型分类法,统计分析了国航浙江公司A320飞机QAR三级超限事件连续三年的数据,并结合问题调查等数据,对该公司的人为错误进行研究,并给出了可操作性的人为错误管理策略,探索了利用QAR数据开展航空公司人为错误研究的方法,为国航浙江公司A320飞机的人为错误管理提出了建议。对提高飞行安全减小人为错误具有积极意义。     

水汽对折光修正精度的影响分析

针对当前部分折光修正的工程应用常常忽略水汽影响的现状,选取了国内4个不同地域的气象站点,基于1995年的数百组历史气象探空数据,利用射线描迹法分别仿真计算包含水汽和忽略水汽2种情况下由于大气折射引起的测距误差和测角误差,并对这4个站点不同仰角和不同时间的测距偏差和测角偏差进行统计分析,结果表明：水汽是构成测量残差的一个重要误差源,对于精度要求较高的折光修正系统,水汽的影响不能忽略.该分析结果可为其他需要考虑大气折射效应影响的高精度光学测量工程领域提供参考.     

修正极坐标系下雷达与ESM航迹对准关联

研究了存在系统误差时修正极坐标系(MPC)下的雷达与电子支援措施(ESM)航迹关联问题。系统误差导致MPC下雷达和ESM的角度估计产生偏移,而对角度变化率、距变率与距离的比值(ITG)的估计影响不大;结合非中心卡方分布的知识,分析了雷达与ESM的测量误差对非中心参数和正确关联概率的影响;提出了一种基于积分重合度的雷达与ESM航迹对准关联算法。首先将雷达与ESM的目标映射到角度-角度变化率空间,分别得到了雷达与ESM的目标曲线,然后对两目标曲线求积分重合度,估计出雷达与ESM测角系统误差的偏移量,对偏移量补偿后进行雷达与ESM的航迹关联。仿真结果表明,本文所提算法能有效地提高存在系统误差时雷达与ESM正确航迹关联概率。     

Analysis of airborne GPS multipath effects using high-fidelity EM models

Airborne GPS systems are being upgraded to provide sufficient positioning accuracy to support automatic landing operations in low visibility conditions. This is made possible by differential GPS (DGPS), in which the errors common to the airborne receiver and ground station are removed by knowledge of the latter's precise location. However, errors specific to the airborne system remain, of which the dominant components are receiver noise and multipath. To support the assessment of the integrity of the signal in space, these residual errors are incorporated in a statistically based error model, designated as the "standard model." The standard model is defined as the standard deviation of a Gaussian distribution that overbounds the residual pseudo-range (PR) error. It relates the standard deviation of the overbounding distribution to the elevation angle of the satellite relative to the local level coordinate system. The international community is currently developing improved standards to enable DGPS systems to support landings in the worst visibility conditions (i.e., CAT III). As a part of this development, the standard model for multipath is being re-evaluated and an improved model is sought. In order to better characterize the residual multipath errors, tools for accurate calculation of the airframe scattering effects are needed. Development of such tools is the subject of this paper. A new method for accurately computing pseudo-range error, based on the use of high-fidelity EM models, is described. This approach provides new insight into the mechanisms causing multipath error.     

2.4m跨声速风洞试验质量影响因素分析及改进措施研究

影响风洞试验质量的因素很多,如流场品质、测量系统误差、支撑干扰以及洞壁干扰等。主要对模型姿态角、马赫数、模型支撑系统等影响因素进行了改进研究。通过改进使模型迎角测量精度达到0.03°、Ma数控制精度达到0.003,并有效降低了支撑干扰影响,提高了2.4m跨声速风洞的试验质量。     

数据采集系统动态准确度的一种评价方法

介绍了一种用于评价数据采集系统动态准确度的定义及测试方法，同时评价了其动态条件下的偏置误差、增益误差及模数转换有效位数，最终给出了一种数据采集系统的实际测试评价结果。     

A relative navigation system for formation flight

A relative navigation system based on both the Inertial Navigation System (INS) and the Global Positioning System (GPS) is developed to support situational awareness during formation flight. The architecture of the system requires an INS/GPS integration across two aircraft via a data link. A fault-tolerant federated filter is used to estimate the relative INS errors based on relative GPS measurements and a range measurement obtained from the data link. The filter is constructed based on a reduced-order model of the relative INS error process. A method for analyzing the filter performance is presented. A case involving two helicopters in formation flight is studied under three different night trajectories to account for the effect of vehicle motion on the INS state transition matrix. The results of the covariance analysis are compared with actual night results over an instrumented test range.     

加速度计全量程标度因数不对称性标定算法研究

全量程标度因数不对称性是高精度石英挠性加速度计的一项重要指标,其大小对于惯导系统的导航精度具有非常大的影响。在加速度计精密离心机测试中,由离心加载引起的各种误差是进行加速度计标定的主要影响因素,论文给出了适用于精密离心机测试的加速度计输出模型与数据求解方法。为提高标定精度,以标度因数测试误差作为衡量指标,对输入数据进行迭代与修正;对修正后的测试数据进行三阶拟合,计算正向与负向标度因数,从而得到全量程标度因数不对称性。经试验验证,测试数据修正后可将标度因数误差从10-4降低至10-9,标度因数不对称性水平从10-4提高至10-5。     

Frequency-Dependent Ionospheric Refraction Effects on the Doppler Shift of Satellite Signals

Analysis of four-frequency satellite Doppler data has allowed the separation and measurement of frequency-dependent ionospheric contributions to the Doppler shift, providing information useful in the study of errors incurred when tracking radio signals through the ionosphere. These refraction errors affect the accuracy of navigational position fixes obtained by Doppler satellite tracking systems. Some measured ionospheric refraction errors reported here are of interest because their magnitudes are significantly greater than those heretofore predicted from theoretical considerations.     

鼠笼式弹性支承结构参数优化设计与试验

进行了鼠笼式弹性支承的优化设计与试验研究.基于遗传算法和MATLAB开发了优化设计软件,进行了某航空发动机鼠笼式弹性支承的结构参数优化设计,并进行了柔度试验和疲劳应力试验.结果表明,疲劳应力下降到原来的40%,优化结果与试验结果的误差小于6%,验证了优化设计的有效性.     

提高雷达测距精度的实用方法探讨

通过开展针对不同类型目标的雷达测距试验,得出雷达测距误差的一组数据。对其进行分析比较,总结出对于不同类型目标的雷达测距偏差产生的规律,给出了偏差的大致数量范围。     

测速雷达的电波折射简易修正方法及精度分析

为尽量简化多测速雷达定轨系统的气象测量，探讨了采用Hopfield对流层折射指数模型代替探空气象测量的适用性。主要分析了采用Hopfield模型与采用实际探空测量数据的折射误差修正量差别，目标轨迹误差对修正量的影响，以及气象参数对修正量的影响。     

Method for utilizing PIV to investigate high curvature and acceleration boundary layer flows around the compressor blade leading edge

Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) is a well-developed and contactless technique in experimental fluid mechanics, but the strong velocity gradient and streamline curvature near the wall substantially limits its accuracy improvement. This paper presents a data processing procedure combining conventional PIV and newly developed Mirror Interchange (MI) based Interface-PIV for the measurement of the boundary layer parameter development in the blade leading edge region. The synthetic particle images are used to analyze the measurement errors in the entire procedure. Overall, three types of errors, namely the errors caused by the Window Deformation Iterative Multigrid (WIDIM) algorithm, the discrete data interpolation and integration, and the wall offset uncertainty, comprise the main measurement error. Specifically, the errors due to the discrete data interpolation and integration and the WIDIM algorithm comprise the mean bias, which can be corrected through the error analysis method proposed in the present work. Meanwhile, the errors due to the WIDIM algorithm and the wall offset uncertainty contribute to the measurement uncertainty. Computational fluid dynamics-based synthetic particle flows were generated to verify the newly developed PIV data processing procedure and the corresponding error analysis method. Results showed that the data processing method could improve the accuracy of PIV measurements for boundary layer flows with high curvature and acceleration and even with significant flow separation bubbles. Finally, the data processing method is also applied in a PIV experiment to investigate the boundary layer flows around a compressor blade leading edge, and several credible boundary flow parameters were obtained.     

氢氧火箭发动机羽烟紫外辐射参数反演研究

针对氢氧火箭发动机羽烟紫外辐射特性参数分析,提出一种基于紫外CCD(change coupled device)相机采集的单幅辐射图像,同时反演羽烟内紫外辐射源项和吸收系数的方法.该方法将羽烟简化为发射-吸收轴对称介质,通过对辐射图像数据进行Able变换得到三维介质内辐射强度分布,利用最小二乘法将反演问题转化为使计算得到的与Abel变换得到的辐射强度误差最小的最优化问题,然后利用共轭梯度法求解该最优化问题.通过在求解正问题得到的准确值的基础上添加随机噪声,模拟辐射图像数据,分析了测量误差对算法反演精度的影响.结果表明:该算法对测量误差不敏感,能够准确的重建羽烟内的辐射源项和吸收系数分布.      

Application of the Concept of Referenced Radio Navigation

This paper discusses referenced radio navigation, the concept whereby monitoring stations at known locations are used to calibrate out systematic errors in a navigation system. This concept is implemented by broadcasting calibration data to the navigating user for application as real-time corrections to the position fixes made by the user's basic navigation equipment. A method is suggested for the automatic transmission and receiver processing of the correction data. Referenced radio navigation overcomes many of the shortcomings generally associated with long-distance navigation systems, and can increase accuracy and repeatability significantly. The concept is particularly applicable to global navigation systems such as OMEGA, in which propagation or synchronization errors can contribute substantially to the system error budget.