舵面特性对飞翼构型作战飞机短周期品质的影响

 飞翼构型作战飞机采用无尾翼身融合布局,由于取消了平尾,使其稳定性及阻尼特性下降,需要操纵面具有良好的舵面特性才能保证其获得满意的飞行品质。采用3种不同的短周期飞行品质评定方法,评定小展弦比飞翼构型飞机在不同舵面特性组合情况下的飞行品质,并总结了舵面特性与短周期飞行品质等级间的关系,给出了依据操纵导数和舵面偏转速率大小所划分的品质优劣边界。结果表明,舵面特性变差将导致飞翼构型飞机的短周期飞行品质恶化。研究方法及结果可用于指导此类新布局飞机的初步设计和飞行品质的评定。     

飞翼气动布局飞机纵向短周期等效系统参数辨识技术研究

飞翼布局飞机由于其特殊布局形式,飞控系统设计通常采用高增益大阻尼控制增稳方法,同时飞翼布局飞机的操纵面操纵效率非线性显著,涉及多操纵面组合控制以及控制分配,因此,采用常规的杆力或杆位移作为输入指令,多数情况下无法顺利地激励出理想的纵向短周期模态。本文采用迎角指令跟踪法研究飞翼布局飞机的纵向短周期品质,利用Simulink进行创新操纵面布局飞机的闭环仿真系统建模与验证,并通过小型飞翼布局无人机进行飞行试验评估。结果表明,该方法用于飞翼布局飞机纵向短周期品质试飞时,易于激励出其纵向短周期模态,并可实现飞机精确控制。     

小展弦比飞翼布局作战飞机可控性设计方法

 飞翼布局飞机取消了常规布局飞机采用的安定面和操纵面,由此引起其可控性设计的诸多新问题。以某小展弦比飞翼布局作战飞机为例,利用风洞试验结果研究了几种典型新型操纵面的操纵新机理及不同飞行条件下的操纵效能等。基于可控性设计的要求,估算了该飞翼构型作战使用所需的三轴最大控制力矩系数。通过引进舵容量的概念提出了新型操纵面的参数化设计方法,最后对这一新布局方案进行了可控性评估,为飞翼布局飞机概念设计阶段的新型操纵面布置和设计提供了一种实用的方法。     

基于等离子体激励的飞翼布局飞行器气动力矩控制

以飞翼布局飞行器所面临的飞行控制问题为背景,采用气动力测量技术和粒子图像测速(PIV)技术,在来流风速为8.2 m/s时,研究了介质阻挡放电等离子体激励器对飞翼布局飞行器气动力矩的作用.研究结果表明:在飞行器不同位置布置不同的激励器,可以实现对飞行器滚转、偏航及俯仰力矩的控制;改变激励电压,实现了对气动力矩的比例控制;通过与常规舵面的舵效进行比较,采用等离子体激励器获得的气动力矩控制,可以达到常规舵面一定偏转角度的控制效果.流场测量结果表明:等离子体激励器对飞翼布局飞行器气动力矩的控制,主要是通过控制流动分离和前缘涡破碎点位置的变化来实现的.因此,可以考虑应用等离子体流动控制技术来增强传统的舵面控制,并在提高控制效率的基础上,使其成为一种新型的飞行控制方式.     

飞翼布局特殊舵面建模与颤振分析研究

以多舵面组合下的无尾飞翼布局为基础,建立全机的结构动力学有限元模型,进行固有模态分析。对颤振计算方法进行改进,分析了多舵面下的颤振和振动特性,研究了在机身后缘机翼外侧的副翼改成对开式双舵面后无尾飞翼布局的颤振和振动特性,提出了一种建模和计算的方法。     

弯折翼尖对飞翼布局飞机气动特性影响

为提升无尾飞翼布局飞机航向控制能力,以典型飞翼布局飞机模型为研究对象设计了翼尖可绕弦线方向偏转结构。基于FL-14风洞单自由度动态试验系统开展了静态和动导数试验,研究了飞翼布局飞机基本气动特性及翼尖偏转对全机气动特性的影响。结果表明：无尾飞翼布局飞机航向呈静不稳定,航向动稳定性极弱,航向增稳设计及控制很有必要;翼尖偏转有助于增强飞机的航向静、动稳定性,并很好地解决了传统阻力类舵面航向增稳时导致全机升阻比下降气动效率降低的问题;翼尖偏转能够有效改善飞翼布局飞机恶化的荷兰滚模态使之趋近于常规布局飞机模态,这有利于简化飞机横航向控制律设计方法。弯折翼尖结构具有舵面少、效率高的特点,是航向增稳的有效手段,具有应用价值。     

飞翼布局飞机耦合运动失稳的主动流动控制

飞翼布局飞机是现代先进飞行器设计的重要构型之一。由于缺乏平尾、垂尾等传统舵面,飞翼布局飞机在大攻角状态面临滚转、滚转与俯仰耦合、滚转与偏航耦合等失稳问题,严重影响飞机气动性能及飞行安全。对此开展了合成射流主动控制研究,提出了通过增强前缘涡进而改善动态稳定性的控制策略,分析了合成射流对飞翼布局滚转及其耦合运动的控制规律,揭示了飞翼布局飞机动态运动及耦合效应对合成射流控制效果的影响机理。研究结果表明,布置于飞翼布局飞机机翼前缘的合成射流可以有效增强前缘涡,进而改变气动力及力矩,特别是采用与滚转运动角速度方向相反的控制力矩策略能够增加滚转阻尼,改善横向稳定性。本文结果可为飞翼布局飞机增稳控制提供重要的技术支撑。     

飞翼布局飞机开裂式方向舵的作用特性和使用特点

大展弦比飞翼布局飞机取消了垂尾和常规方向舵,通常采用大偏角的开裂式方向舵作为偏航操纵面.基于风洞试验数据,研究了开裂式方向舵的偏航操纵非线性、小偏角偏航舵效低、附加力效应显著和3轴操纵耦合等特性,并分析了其偏转对飞机气动特性和稳定特性的影响.总结了开裂式方向舵在各飞行任务阶段下的使用特点,如针对其小偏角偏航舵效低的特性...     

穿越微下冲气流的飞翼布局无人机控制方法

微下冲气流是最危险的低空风切变形式,为在起降阶段安全穿越该气流,飞翼布局的无人机控制律应具有快速响应能力和良好的鲁棒性。针对大展弦比飞翼布局无人机舵面附加升力大和低速状态俯仰操纵效能低的特点,提出了舵面附加升力和机体气动力相结合的复合控制方案,改进了以输出误差为参考量的非线性指令分配策略,设计了基于迎角保护的指令分配策略。将风干扰和模型的不确定性视为未知扰动,采用自抗扰控制(ADRC)理论设计飞翼布局无人机非线性控制律,使之对风干扰和模型的不确定性进行估计补偿。仿真结果表明,复合控制与ADRC相结合的方法加速了航迹倾角的单位阶跃响应速度,使上升时间缩短了64%,同时能够实现对风干扰的有效观测和补偿,使高度损失低于2m;能够在风切变中有效保护迎角,使其维持在5.5°以内。因此,该方法能够为飞翼布局无人机安全平稳地穿越微下冲气流提供一种参考方案。     

小展弦比飞翼布局作战飞机垂直面机动性研究

比较分析了某小展弦比飞翼布局作战飞机与典型的常规布局战斗机F16在亚、跨、超声速范围的气动特性,相对而言,飞翼布局飞机具有较大的升阻比和较低的翼载荷.计算并分析了该飞翼布局作战飞机与F16在垂直机动面内的平飞加速性能和跃升性能,得到了由于布局和气动特性不同引起的飞翼布局作战飞机机动性的新特点.研究结果对飞翼布局作战飞机的设计和作战使用均具有一定的参考意义.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.