TC21钛合金稀土渗硼强化表面组织及性能

采用单体硼为供硼剂对TC21钛合金表面进行稀土催化表面强化热处理,对渗硼层组织形貌、硬度、磨痕形貌和磨损率进行了研究。结果表明单体硼渗剂中CeO2配比为7wt%左右的渗硼层连续致密,耐磨性较好;温度对于表层TiB2的厚度影响较大,提高温度可显著增大渗硼层厚度,随着保温时间的延长,表层TiB2层逐渐增厚并且更为连续,时间超过一定值后渗硼层厚度增加缓慢;渗硼层表层硬度随渗硼温度提高显著增大,随保温时间延长增加缓慢,渗硼温度在1 000℃时渗硼层近表层硬度可达3 200HV0.01左右,高硬度区域厚度可达20μm以上;TC21钛合金渗硼层表现出了良好的摩擦磨损性能,渗硼试样的比磨损率比未渗硼试样低50~60倍。     

离子渗复合处理与单一离子渗氮动力学对比研究

为发挥离子渗氮和离子氮碳共渗两种技术各自的优势并克服其不足,研发了离子氮碳共渗与离子渗氮复合处理(以下简称离子渗复合处理),并与单一离子渗氮进行了对比。采用金相显微镜、X射线衍射仪和显微硬度计对离子渗层厚度、物相、截面硬度进行了测试,并对化合层形成动力学进行了对比分析。结果表明,45钢经离子渗复合处理后化合层明显厚于单一离子渗氮,化合物层形成效率显著提高,且表层硬度提高。经离子渗复合处理后化合层新增了Fe₃C相,且主要物相发生了由γ′相向ε相的转变。动力学分析表明,离子渗复合处理化合层形成扩散激活能比单一离子渗氮明显降低,从179.7 k J·mol^–1降低到87.1 k J·mol^–1,同时得出了45钢在783～843 K温度范围内离子渗氮与离子渗复合处理化合层厚度与温度之间的关系式分别为d_{plasma nitriding}=exp(15.8–10810/T)与d_{complex treatment}=exp(9.7–5237/T)。     

稀土对钢气体渗碳的影响

通过配制不同稀土含量的渗剂对2 0CrMnTi钢进行了不同时间的渗碳 ,分析了稀土对渗层组织、渗层深度、表面硬度和显微硬度梯度的影响。结果表明 :加入稀土的渗碳明显增加了渗碳层深度 ,提高了表面渗碳层硬度 ,促使渗碳层的硬度梯度更平缓 ,并且改善了渗碳层的组织。     

硼铬复合渗层的抗磨性、韧性和抗腐蚀性

在零件表层渗入某种元素使其具有特殊性能的化学热处理方法,正日益为人们所重视。然而,如渗硼层有高硬度却较脆,渗铬层韧性较好又有卓越的耐蚀性,但渗层太薄。近年来国内外,尤其西德和苏联对二元素共渗或复合渗做了大量试验,企图     

高速钢正负压脉冲稀土多元共渗技术

本文主要介绍采用正负压脉冲稀土多元共渗技术对高速钢刀具表面强化的一种新方法。此方法与常规滴注法相比,渗层均匀致密,厚度增加,硬度提高,渗剂消耗量降低,使用寿命显著提高。     

表面织构化–等离子表面渗铬复合处理对TA2纯钛耐磨性的影响

为改善TA2纯钛耐磨损性能,采用激光表面织构化–双辉等离子表面合金化复合处理技术在TA2表面制备铬改性层,并探究复合处理试样在室温和600℃温度下的摩擦学行为。结果表明,等离子合金化技术可在均匀的圆形织构单元表面上制备连续、致密的铬层,铬层厚度为55μm,主要由固溶体和CrTi、Cr₂Ti化合物相构成。渗铬处理显著提高了TA2的表面硬度;在室温和600℃条件下,表面织构化–等离子表面渗铬复合处理显著提高了TA2的耐磨性。就磨损失重而言,在室温和高温条件下,复合处理试样相对于TA2基体分别降低了77.2%和75%。     

45钢低温膏剂渗硼及耐蚀性研究

叙述了４５钢低温渗硼后的组织，工艺参数对渗硼层深度影响的规律以及低温渗硼层与高温渗硼层的耐蚀性差别。     

低温渗硼层性能研究

通过磨损试验、脆性试验和阳极极化曲线的测试,研究了低温渗硼对钢渗硼层耐磨性、脆性和耐蚀性的影响。结果表明：低温渗硼层的耐磨性和耐蚀性较高温渗硼层的有所提高,而其脆性却有所降低。     

锻模钢的气体三元共渗

我厂热锻模由于使用寿命不高,一度成为生产关键。最近,通过对5CrNiMo、5CrMnMo钢制的热锻模进行硼、氮、碳气体三元共渗,取得了较好的效果。过去未经三元共渗处理的一套镶块模锻打三千件至四千件后,产生塌陷而不能使用,而经气体三元共渗处理后的一套锻模能锻打九千四百二十件以上。目前这套镶块模的模腔部位的表面硬度仍保持共渗处理后     

微晶钛合金薄板粉末包埋渗铝及铝硅共渗研究

采用粉末包埋法对电子束物理气相(EB- PVD)制备钛合金薄板在620℃分别进行6h渗铝及铝硅共渗,采用XRD、SEM等对EB- PVD制备钛合金薄板显微组织以及粉末包埋法渗铝及Al- Si共渗后的钛合金薄板显微组织结构进行研究.结果表明,微晶合金可以在620℃实现渗铝和铝硅共渗.渗铝层的相结构主要为Al3 Ti相,但由于渗层Al3 Ti相为脆性相,在渗后冷却过程中热应力的作用下,易产生裂纹.铝硅共渗层的相结构主要为Al3 Ti和Ti5 Si3相,由于Si存在渗层中,渗层中不存在裂纹.     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

ν-gap度量及其在飞行控制律评估中的应用

 传统控制律评估方法主要用于单输入单输出（SISO）系统，且对模型参数摄动考虑不够全面,针对这些不足，研究了ν-gap度量方法。在介绍系统广义稳定裕度相关概念的基础上，给出了ν-gap度量的定义、特点和性质以及近似摄动模型的计算，提出ν-gap度量评估控制律的步骤。实例结果表明，该方法不仅克服了上述传统评估方法的缺陷，而且还有根据所求的各摄动影响情况忽略影响小的元素，以减少计算量及可以找到最坏情况下的参数摄动组合等优点。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Integrated Entry Guidance for Reusable Launch Vehicle

A method for the implementation of integrated three-degree-of-freedom constrained entry guidance for reusable launch vehicle is presented. Given any feasible entry conditions, terminal area energy management interface conditions, and the reference trajectory generated onboard then, the method can generate a longitudinal guidance profile rapidly, featuring linear quadratic regular method and a proportional-integral-derivative tracking law with time-varying gains, which satisfies all the entry corridor constraints and meets the requirements with high precision. Afterwards, by utilizing special features of crossrange parameter, establishing bank-reversal corridor, and determining bank-reversals according to dynamically adjusted method, the algorithm enables the lateral entry guidance system to fly a wide range of missions and provides reliable and good performance in the presence of significant aerodynamic modeling uncertainty. Fast trajectory guidance profiles and simulations with a reusable launch vehicle model for various missions and aerodynamic uncertain-ties are presented to demonstrate the capacity and reliability of this method.     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。