基于膜过滤的反渗透海水淡化预处理

设计了膜法预处理系统,研究了膜过滤工艺用于舰船反渗透海水淡化预处理的可行性。系统性能考察结果表明,采用直接过滤30 min和滤过水反洗1 min交替的运行方式净化海水时,出水浊度低于0.09 NTU,UV254和CODMn的平均去除率分别为42.2%和57.6%,且无细菌检出;当跨膜压差≥0.035 MPa时,应进行维护性化学清洗,可使跨膜压差恢复到低压水平。膜法预处理系统出水水质稳定,无化学品添加,工艺简单,结构紧凑,适用于舰船反渗透海水淡化预处理。     

浅谈供水管网资料管理系统的设计

本文在我国提倡建立可持续发展的节约型社会的重大战略方针指导下，为做好能源管理工作，提出了应用计算机开发供水管网资料管理系统以提高供水管网资料管理工作效率，从而达到节约的目的。     

浅谈机场飞行区消防供水系统

机场飞行区是飞机在机场活动之场所,是机场的核心。飞行区消防供水,是为扑灭飞机火灾,提供车载泡沫补充水、储备泡沫用水和冷却飞机用水。消防用水对水质没有特殊要求,只要是不含固体颗粒的洁净水即可。飞行区消防供水采用低压制消防系统,即发生火警时,由消防车自管网中取水加压进行灭火。飞行区消防供水系     

南京禄口国际机场生活饮用水卫生监督技术报告

南京禄口国际机场生活饮用水是由南京市自来水总公司经36公里的专用管道供应，管道材质为国家推荐使用的球墨铸铁管。供水到达机场供水站的蓄水池，加氯后加压输入机场供水管网。机场供水系统概况图1。     

仅油门控制试飞仿真研究

分析了国外仅油门控制(TOC)飞行事故案例,探讨了TOC飞行原理,进行了TOC仿真建模,设计了爬升与改平、转弯及着陆三个典型的试验点,并提出相应的评价方法。最后邀请多名试飞员在高级模拟器上进行了大量的仿真试验,验证了TOC飞行的可行性和评价方法的适用性,指出了TOC试飞研究和模拟训练对提高飞行安全的重要性。     

总刚阵线性相关性及对应约束不足状态分析

对于病态线性代数方程组,很多文献,提出了判别指标和处理办法。在结构有限无分析中,由于模型复杂使得约束考虑不周,总刚阵行线性相关,用这些指标来判别显然不够。有的文献想从力学角度加以考虑,但对这一问题并没有解决。本文采用crout分解法,首先给出总刚阵的线性相关系数,然后对其讨论相应的约束不足状态,并给出快速有效的计算步骤。     

考虑涡轮传热性能的气动设计耦合计算方法研究

为了在涡轮叶片气动型线设计过程中同时提高气动效率并保证传热性能,提出了一种基于一维管道网络法和三维CFD的耦合计算方法,分别采用管网/三维耦合计算方法和全三维耦合计算方法对MARK-II冷却叶片多个工况进行计算,两种数值计算方法计算结果与实验数据交叉对比,以验证本文计算方法可行性。计算结果表明,两种数值计算得到的叶片型面压力、温度、换热系数和实验值都比较吻合,但管网/三维耦合计算得到的壁面温度相比全三维耦合计算结果整体略微偏低,最大偏差不超过3.89%。基于管网/三维耦合计算方法对某航空发动机涡轮第二级动叶叶片型线优化设计,气动效率提高0.34%,壁面平均温度几乎没有变化。     

基于热色液晶技术的尾迹对涡轮动叶表面换热系数影响研究

为探究上游尾迹影响下的涡轮动叶表面换热特性,采用热色液晶技术测量了尾迹对光滑叶片表面换热分布的影响,获得了高低湍流度(2%,20%)来流时不同尾迹斯特劳哈尔数(0,0.12,0.36)条件下光滑动叶表面换热系数的实验数据。结果表明:当湍流度为2%时,随着尾迹斯特劳哈尔数增加,压力面换热系数增高幅度最大为142%,前缘区域增高幅度最大为7%,吸力面增高幅度最大为186%。当湍流度为20%时,尾迹对换热系数的影响相对减弱,随着尾迹斯特劳哈尔数增加,压力面换热系数增高幅度最大为10%,前缘区域增高幅度最大为10%,吸力面增高幅度最大为26%。尾迹导致吸力面转捩点提前,过渡区延长。整体看来,尾迹导致光滑叶片表面换热系数升高,对吸力面换热系数的影响大于压力面。     

Starship新型舵面形式气动特性数值模拟

作为新型垂直起降的载人航天器,Starship采用了新型舵面控制方式,其通过前后两组可沿轴线方向偏转的翼面来实现对机体的控制。通过CFD数值模拟手段对该种舵面形式的气动特性进行了系统研究,得到了该种舵面偏转方式对飞行器升阻力和三轴力矩的影响,并分析了其内在机理。在小攻角下,Starship后翼为操纵面,其偏转对控制力系数的影响较为显著,偏转角度与控制力系数基本成线性关系;前翼偏转则对阻力系数的影响较为显著,偏转角度与阻力系数基本线性相关。后翼偏转角与俯仰力矩系数和滚转力矩系数的线性相关性较好,对偏航力矩系数也有耦合影响。前翼的偏转对偏航力矩系数的影响显著,同时与滚转力矩系数和俯仰力矩系数的耦合较小。在大攻角下,尤其是在着陆阶段攻角大于90°的情况下,传统的襟副翼控制方式失效概率高,而新型舵面控制形式前翼和后翼偏转与三轴力矩系数的相关性仍非常强。其对于俯仰通道、滚转通道和偏航通道均能保持良好的操纵特性。     

某型机可编程逻辑器件适航重点关注项研究

某军民两用机在其综合显示等关键系统中大量地使用了ASIC/FPGA/CPLD等可编程逻辑器件,因此,该型机可编程逻辑器件的研制需同时符合GJB 9432—2018和DO-254的要求。本文首先对GJB9432—2018和DO-254进行了介绍,其次,通过对比两个标准,阐明了GJB 9432—2018和DO-254在适用对象、适用范围和开发过程中存在的差异,最后,提出将GJB 9432—2018和DO-254在开发过程中的差异作为该军民两用机适航审定过程中重点关注的项目,并对GJB 9432—2018和DO-254在开发过程中的差异进行了深入分析。本文为该军民两用机可编程逻辑器件的适航审定工作提供了一定的参考。     

水质分析数据处理系统的实现

主要介绍了如何采用Visual Basic 6.0,利用面向对象的可视化的设计方法,开发研制水质分析数据处理系统,实现数据取舍、直线相关和回归、方差分析、模糊聚类分析的计算机自动化管理.并对其设计原则和功能的实现进行了较详细的介绍,对今后类似情况的软件设计有一定的价值.     

海洋浊度测量传感器校准方法及校准测量能力评估

为了对海洋浊度测量传感器的计量性能做出快速、准确、科学的评价,构建了海洋浊度测量传感器的校准系统。本文详细阐述了海洋浊度测量传感器的校准原理,最佳校准方法的确立,并以具体实例介绍了校准数据处理及测量不确定度的评定,最后评估了该项目的校准测量能力(CMC),选用单一的相对值表示CMC,为2%。     

具有接触接合面的篦齿封严组件振动特性分析

运用弹性力学理论研究了篦齿封严组件及其减振结构之间过盈装配压力和接触刚度的求解方法,在此基础上给出了具有接触接合面的封严环/阻尼片组合结构动力特性的分析方法,并且研究了阻尼片厚度、阻尼片周向分布数量、装配过盈量等参数对结构动力特性的影响规律.转动情况下封严环离心应力与阻尼片厚度近似成线性关系;阻尼片的周向分布数量影响封严环的固有频率和振型;阻尼片沿周向分布数量越多,应力分布越均匀,封严环的离心应力越小.     

Water takeoff performance calculation method for amphibious aircraft based on digital virtual flight

Owing to the strong coupling among the hydrodynamic forces, aerodynamic forces and motion of amphibious aircraft during the water takeoff process, the water takeoff performance is difficult to calculate accurately and quickly. Based on an analysis of the dynamics and kinematics characteristics of amphibious aircraft and the hydrodynamic theory of high-speed planing hulls, a suitable mathematical model is established for calculating the hydrodynamics of aircraft during water takeoff. A pilot model is designed to illustrate how pilots are affected by the lack of visual reference and the necessity to simultaneously control the pitch angle, flight velocity and other parameters during water takeoff. Combined with the aerodynamic model, engine thrust model and aircraft motion model, a digital virtual flight simulation model is developed for amphibious aircraft during water takeoff, and a calculation method for the water takeoff performance of amphibious aircraft is proposed based on digital virtual flight. Typical performance indicators, such as the liftoff time and liftoff distance, can be obtained via digital virtual flight calculations. A comparison of the measured flight test data and the calculation results shows that the calculation error is less than 10%, which verifies the correctness and accuracy of the proposed method. This method can be used for the preliminary evaluation of airworthiness compliance of amphibious aircraft design schemes, and the relevant calculation results can also provide a theoretical reference for the formulation of flight test plans for airworthiness certification.     

Experimental and computational investigation of adsorption performance of TC-5A and PSA-5A for manned spacecraft

Two kinds of molecular sieve materials, TC-5A and PSA-5A, were produced to satisfy with special requirement of manned space flight. Their CO_2 adsorption performances were investigated and compared through two experiments, the thermo gravimetric analysis(TGA) experiment and packed bed column experiment. Besides, some kinetic equations were compared according to the TGA experimental data, and their errors were analyzed. Finally, the classic linear driving force(LDF) model is improved to the new Avrami's model, and two models are analyzed based on the packed bed data. The TGA data shows that the CO_2 loading has an approximately linear relationship with the CO_2 concentration, and the best fit adsorption temperature range is from 283 to303 K. The packed bed column results show that water vapor in air can affect the CO_2 adsorption performance badly. The new Avrami's model is proved more suitable to reflect the complex adsorption mechanism for two molecular sieves. The materials are proved having much better adsorption capacity than the other adsorbents with room temperature and low CO_2concentration(61.0% in volume), and they can meet the aerospace requirements. This work will benefit the optimal design and simulation of the air revitalization(AR) system for Chinese manned spacecraft.     

Comments, with reply, on `Lyapunov stability designs for switchingregulator/low-pass filter system' by M.L. Brooks

Erroneous conclusions reached in the original paper (see ibid., vol.25, no.5, p.602-10, Sept. 1989) concerning the applicability of the Rough criterion in studying the stability of fourth-order linear systems and its relationship with Lyapunov's stability tests are corrected. A brief review of relevant theory is presented, and faults in the analysis that led to these conclusions are identified. The relationship between the Routh criterion and the second method of Lyapunov is reviewed, and a correct application of the Lyapunov method is presented. It is shown that contrary to the conclusions of the paper discussed, these two methods are equivalent for any linear, time-invariant system, including the fourth-order system in question     

截尾数据异方差回归分析

提出截尾数据异方差回归分析方法,将传统的只适用于同方差和完全数据的回归分析推广到异方差和截尾数据的情况。文中建立了异方差回归方程,给出回归系数和标准差的最佳无偏整体估计及其协方差矩阵。详细讨论了正态分布、极值分布、威布尔分布情况下的线性异方差回归分析,给出其回归曲线和百分位值的置信限。对于异方差问题目前工程上只能采用成组试验方法,因此试验量很大;本文方法与之相比则能很好地解决这一问题,在试样数相同的条件下具有更高的精度,而在精度相同的情况下,可以节省大量试样。      

From Coma Abundances to Nucleus Composition

A major goal of comet research is to determine conditions in the outer solar nebula based on the chemical composition and structure of comet nuclei. The old view was to use coma abundances directly for the chemical composition of the nucleus. However, since the composition of the coma changes with heliocentric distance, r, the new view is that the nucleus composition msut be determined from analysis of coma mixing ratios as a function of r. Taking advantage of new observing technology and the early detection of the very active Comet Hale-Bopp (C/1995 O1) allows us to determine the coma mixing ratios over a large range of heliocentric distances. In our analysis we assume three sources for the coma gas: (1) the surface of the nucleus (releasing water vapor), (2) the interior of the porous nucleus (releasing many species more volatile than water), and (3) the distributed source (releasing gases from ices and hydrocarbon polycondensates trapped and contained in coma dust). Molecules diffusing inside the nucleus are sublimated by heat transported into the interior. The mixing ratios in the coma are modeled assuming various chemical compositions and structural parameters of the spinning nucleus as it moves in its orbit from large heliocentric distance through perihelion. We have combined several sets of observational data of Comet Hale-Bopp for H₂O (from OH) and CO, covering the spectrum range from radio to UV. Many inconsistencies in the data were uncovered and reported to the observers for a reanalysis. Since post-perihelion data are still sparse, we have combined pre- and post-perihelion data. The resulting mixing ratio of CO relative to H₂O as a function of r is presented with a preliminary analysis that still needs to be expanded further. Our fit to the data indicates that the total CO release rate (from the nucleus and distributed sources) relative to that of H₂O is 30% near perihelion. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

大气TSP与自然降尘相关性分析及预测

利用陕西省1995-2003年监测的大气TSP年日均值和自然降尘年月均值，分别建立了相应的变量一元线性回归方程，并进行了TSP与自然降尘的预测及其误差分析。经检验，TSP预测线性回归方程及自然降尘预测线性回归方程均显著，预测结果具有较高的可信度。在颗粒物构成相对稳定的同一地区两项均值总体线性相关性显著。