朱知寿 钛合金材料专家

<正>作为航空材料宗师颜鸣皋院士和曹春晓院士的弟子,您可谓是航空钛合金材料技术领域的集大成者,请您谈谈目前航空用钛合金的国内外研究及应用情况。朱知寿:飞机结构用钛合金已从追求单一高性能(如高强度,包括     

航空铸造钛合金及其成型技术发展

简述了铸造钛合金及TiAl合金的特点及在国内外航空领域的应用.根据我国钛合金领域专利申请情况分析了铸造钛合金技术在近30年的变化,特别是在航空领域的变化.随着航空制造技术的发展和高性能飞机的需求,钛合金铸件正向大型、整体和复杂化变化,TiAl合金铸件的发展将大大提高航空钛合金的使用温度.而航空领域的钛合金铸造技术将不再是单一的熔模精密铸造,将融合铸造模拟仿真技术和增材制造技术的优势,采取复合式发展的道路,以提高其整体精铸水平和生产效率.     

中航工业北京航空材料研究院 先进钛合金航空科技重点实验室

<正>中国航空工业集团公司北京航空材料研究院(简称中航工业航材院)成立于1956年,是我国"一五"计划156个重点建设的项目之一,是国内面向航空,从事航空先进材料应用基础研究、材料研制与应用技术研究和工程化研究的综合性科研机构。1956年北京航空材料研究所(中航工业航材院前身)建院即组建钛合金研究室,2011年钛合金研究室挂牌成立先进钛合金航空科技重点实验室。先进钛合金航空科技重点实验室是国内面向航空,从事航空钛合金应用基础研究、材料研制与应用技术研究、工程化研究以及型号应用研究的实验室;主要围绕国防武器装备需求,突破关键材料技术,为型号研制与生产提供技术支撑,实现     

新型高性能钛合金研究与应用

随着钛合金在我国航空、航天、兵器、海洋和化工等领域用量和应用范围的不断扩大,对钛合金高综合力学性能、低成本和加工工艺性能提出了更加苛刻的要求.通过基于组织参数设计的合金化、细晶强化、相变强化和强韧化工艺控制等综合强韧化技术,研制出具有高强韧、抗疲劳、耐损伤、抗冲击等综合性能良好匹配的新型高性能钛合金,是扩大钛合金在高端领域的用量与应用水平,实现产业升级转型,满足下一代应用需求的重要保障.     

我国航空用钛合金技术研究现状及发展

我国海绵钛和钛加工材的产能已经跃居世界第一位,但与发达国家相比,在技术水平和高端应用上仍存在较大差距。综述我国航空用钛合金的技术研究现状,提出未来钛合金发展应从综合性能优化、规格品种齐全、应用规模扩大、规范标准完善、考核验证数据充分等方面提高主干钛合金技术成熟度,按体系发展原则,建立航空用钛合金材料系列,实现产业结构升级、技术成熟度提升、减能增效、低成本制造及扩大用量等产业化应用目标。     

航空发动机高温钛合金非等温氧化行为研究进展

阻燃性能是衡量航空发动机钛火安全的关键性能指标,通常采用钛合金材料/构件抵抗热自燃、点燃和扩展燃烧的能力进行综合评价。针对高性能航空发动机对先进高温钛合金的需求,在回顾近期抗点燃性能和抗燃烧性能试验技术研究基础上,重点从抗热自燃性能的层面介绍阻燃钛合金、高温钛合金及钛铝金属间化合物的非等温氧化行为及阻燃机理的研究进展,并对未来发展方向进行展望。     

航空紧固件用钛合金材料发展现状

钛合金紧固件因其密度小、高比强、耐腐蚀等性能广泛应用于航空航天领域。着重对航空紧固件用钛合金材料的发展现状进行综述。结合紧固件用钛合金的发展,介绍了国内外紧固件用钛合金的应用现状,并对比分析了紧固件用钛合金材料的性能特点。同时,结合先进飞机对高性能紧固件的需求,介绍了几种紧固件用高强韧钛合金材料及其紧固件加工工艺。     

高速发展航空工艺技术的几点设想(下)

二、开发性工艺技术所谓“开发性工艺技术”,是指由于航空产品性能提高的需要而发展起来的工艺技术。其中包括通常所说的新材料工艺、新结构工艺和新技术工艺。为了实现航空工业产品现代化,我们应该大力开展开发性工艺技术的研究。现代高性能的飞机要求选用的材料、结构强度大,重量轻,疲劳寿命、断裂韧性好。从而发展了钛合金、复合材料、整体结构、蜂窝结构。如F15飞机钛合金用量占百分之二十六点二,复合材料用量占百分之二。复合材料的应用还处于初始阶段,今后随着技术上的成熟和成本的下降,在飞机上的用量会有大幅度的增长。这就必须在工艺技术上解决一系列问题,做大量的工艺研究工作。如钛合金整体结构的加工,钛合金板材的超塑成形、蠕变成形,电子束焊接,扩散连接等。复合材料结构则另有一     

航空特种焊接技术的创新发展

<正>航空特种焊接技术是现代飞行器及其动力装置制造的主导工艺之一。熔化焊、钎焊、固相焊(扩散焊、摩擦焊)等专业技术的创新发展,为飞机、发动机的设计师们提供了创新思维的空间,保障了复杂构件、新材料、高性能、长寿命航空产品的安全服役。航空特种焊接技术正在为航空结构整体化制造开拓着新的发展     

纳米碳复合材料在航空领域应用研究进展

航空材料的研究对航空技术的发展起着重要的支撑和保障作用,是航空现代化和高新技术发展的基础。现代航空业在结构和功能等多个方面都对航空材料的性能提出了更高的要求,而复合材料的应用可以很好地满足这些需求。纳米碳复合材料可以将碳纳米管和石墨烯等纳米材料优异的力学和功能特性在宏观尺度上最大程度地展现出来,在航空结构轻量化设计、电磁屏蔽、隐身和隔热等多个方面都表现出优异的性能。本文对国内外研究者们在纳米碳复合材料的结构及其功能特性方面取得的重要成果进行了系统阐述。相比于常规金属材料,纳米碳复合材料的研发为实现材料的结构–功能–智能一体化提供了切实可行的发展道路。     

Crystal orientation and morphology of α lamellae in wrought titanium alloys: On the role of microstructure evolution in β processing

To obtain high-quality aviation forgings of titanium alloys, β forging is an essential processing step which must be considered throughout a production process. In this work, the effect of β forging on the crystal orientation and morphology of lamellar α was experimentally investigated in a two-phase titanium alloy. Strong dynamic recovery during β working resulted in the formation of low-angle grain boundary (LAGB_β) inside β grains. The lamellar α can penetrate through the LAGB_β, leading to similar intra α LAGBs on subgrain boundaries. Deformation banding occurs at high strain rates, and both diffusive and sharp boundaries of deformation bands can be observed. A continuous change of the β orientation in diffusive boundaries results in the formation of fine and disordered α lamellae without intra-lamellar boundary to hold the Burgers orientation relationship (OR). On sharp boundaries, it is prone to producing continuous grain boundary α (α_GB) with a highly similar orientation along the boundaries. Meanwhile, there may exist several lower-angle boundaries within the grain boundary α for a smoother orientation change on the β grain boundary.     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

ν-gap度量及其在飞行控制律评估中的应用

 传统控制律评估方法主要用于单输入单输出（SISO）系统，且对模型参数摄动考虑不够全面,针对这些不足，研究了ν-gap度量方法。在介绍系统广义稳定裕度相关概念的基础上，给出了ν-gap度量的定义、特点和性质以及近似摄动模型的计算，提出ν-gap度量评估控制律的步骤。实例结果表明，该方法不仅克服了上述传统评估方法的缺陷，而且还有根据所求的各摄动影响情况忽略影响小的元素，以减少计算量及可以找到最坏情况下的参数摄动组合等优点。     

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Integrated Entry Guidance for Reusable Launch Vehicle

A method for the implementation of integrated three-degree-of-freedom constrained entry guidance for reusable launch vehicle is presented. Given any feasible entry conditions, terminal area energy management interface conditions, and the reference trajectory generated onboard then, the method can generate a longitudinal guidance profile rapidly, featuring linear quadratic regular method and a proportional-integral-derivative tracking law with time-varying gains, which satisfies all the entry corridor constraints and meets the requirements with high precision. Afterwards, by utilizing special features of crossrange parameter, establishing bank-reversal corridor, and determining bank-reversals according to dynamically adjusted method, the algorithm enables the lateral entry guidance system to fly a wide range of missions and provides reliable and good performance in the presence of significant aerodynamic modeling uncertainty. Fast trajectory guidance profiles and simulations with a reusable launch vehicle model for various missions and aerodynamic uncertain-ties are presented to demonstrate the capacity and reliability of this method.     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.