非热压罐预浸料成型技术研究进展

非热压罐成型(out of autoclave process,OoA)技术是实现结构复合材料低成本制造的有效途径,是当前复合材料研究领域的热点之一。本文介绍了OoA成型复合材料国内外的研究前沿以及在航空航天领域的应用现状,从材料体系和成型工艺两大方面总结了OoA成型过程中的缺陷控制方法。在OoA预浸料成型技术中,可通过尽量减少树脂体系中挥发物含量、精细调控树脂体系反应和流变特性、控制预浸料中纤维和树脂的浸润程度、优化成型工艺等手段有效降低复合材料的孔隙率等缺陷。     

航空用热压罐外固化预浸料复合材料的应用

目前,适合航空结构件的热压罐外固化预浸料用树脂体系只限于中温使用的环氧树脂体系。ACG公司正在开发高温使用环氧树脂体系和双马树脂体系EF5710,且已具备OoA体系的理想黏度和反应活性。可以预见的是,今后10年对于热压罐外预浸料将会是一个激动人心的时期,环氧、双马和苯并恶嗪等耐高温树脂体系都将得到开发。另外,作为复合材料低成本技术的一部分,热压罐外固化预浸料的自动铺放技术将在未来得到大力发展。     

OoA成型T800/607复合材料制备及性能

采用非等温DSC对非热压罐(OoA)成型环氧树脂基体607进行了固化动力学研究,确定了树脂的固化动力学方程。制备了T800/607热熔预浸料和复合材料单向板,并比较了热压罐和OoA成型工艺下T800/607复合材料的性能。结果表明:该类预浸料室温储存期大于30 d,OoA成型质量优异,复合材料孔隙率远低于1%。OoA成型复合材料的弯曲强度为1 480 MPa,层剪强度为96.7 MPa,与在热压罐条件下固化的复合材料性能相当。     

非热压罐成型低孔隙率复合材料技术研究进展

介绍了非热压罐成型(OOA)低孔隙率复合材料技术的研究进展,详细阐述了OOA预浸料、OOA树脂再到OOA预浸料增强材料等对复合材料孔隙的影响,分析了OOA预浸料固化过程中影响孔隙的典型物理现象,以及各种制造工艺条件和参数等对孔隙率的影响,并提出了控制OOA复合材料孔隙率的方法和建议。     

先进复合材料热压罐工艺成型过程压力监测技术

热压罐工艺是航空航天领域生产高性能复合材料构件最重要的方法,如工艺控制不利可能导致制件存在纤维架桥、屈曲、孔隙、分层、变形等缺陷,从而影响复合材料表面质量、力学性能以及可靠性。热压罐工艺过程压力监测技术,可为模具设计、工艺优化、缺陷形成机制分析提供有利的试验手段,提升复合材料成型制造技术水平。文中系统总结了复合材料热压罐成型工艺过程纤维、树脂、预浸料叠层承压测试方法及其适用性。     

610 阻燃环氧树脂及复合材料性能研究

采用热熔法预浸工艺制备出一种玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂预浸料。通过DSC、动态黏度及TG对树脂的反应性和储存性及阻燃机理进行分析;同时采用热压罐成型工艺制备复合材料并对力学性能和阻燃性能进行评价。结果表明:树脂的起始反应温度为129℃,室温下储存期大于30 d,预浸料具有较好的铺覆性,复合材料具有良好的力学性能及优异的阻燃性能。     

TG800碳纤维/双马树脂基预浸料等温固化动力学

为复合材料成型工艺参数制定提供准确信息,采用动态力学分析法(DMTA)对国产TG800碳纤维/802双马树脂基预浸料等温固化动力学进行研究,根据损耗模量E″在恒温扫描过程中出现的拐点可准确确定固化凝胶点。以储能模量E′相对增长率为固化反应速率指标,考察不同恒温阶段反应程度增长模式,并建立了固化反应动力学模型。分别采用Hsich非平衡热力学涨落理论和Avrami方程对预浸料固化反应过程中活化能变化规律进行分析。结果表明:Hsich理论得出TG800/802预浸料反应活化能为49. 5 kJ/mol;Avrami方程得出恒温阶段前期活化能均小于后期,且温度越高对应活化能越低。TG800/802在200℃恒温时前期活化能为78. 8 kJ/mol,小于后期109 kJ/mol,温度升高至240℃后活化能降至32. 4 kJ/mol。通过计算不同恒温阶段固化度佐证了双马树脂固化制度150℃/1 h+180℃/2 h+200℃/4 h的可行性,为TG800/802预浸料的工程化应用提供了技术支撑。     

面向航空结构的高性能VARI复合材料技术

树脂基复合材料因其具有比强度高、比刚度大和可设计性好等优点已成为航空航天等领域广泛采用的最主要的结构材料之一.但随着用量的不断增加,传统树脂基复合材料自身的弱点也不断暴露出来,突出表现在传统树脂基复合材料的制造成本较高,这主要是由于传统复合材料大多采用预浸料/热压罐成型,预浸料的制备和低温储藏、繁杂工艺过程以及价格昂贵的热压罐等设备投资势必造成复合材料的高成本,这在一定程度上又限制了复合材料用量的进一步扩大.     

阻燃增韧环氧树脂及其复合材料性能研究

采用溶液预浸渍技术制备了一种玻璃纤维布增强改性环氧树脂预浸料.通过对预浸料经热压罐成型制备的复合材料层压板进行相关性能测试.结果表明,复合材料具有良好的力学性能以及阻燃性能.证明了增韧和阻燃剂的引入大大地提高了该树脂基体以及复合材料的力学、耐热性和阻燃性能,并且表明了改性环氧/玻璃纤维预浸料具有良好的物理和工艺性能,促进了树脂基体与纤维间的界面结合,从而进一步提高了复合材料的力学和阻燃性能.此外,该复合材料还表现出良好的介电性能.     

热压罐法复合材料成形吸胶系统的计算及预浸料树脂含量的选择

推导了热压罐法复合材料在固化或预吸胶时吸胶系统的计算公式，分析了叠层块厚度与吸胶系统吸树脂量偏差对复合材料制件树脂含量的影响，并就预浸料树脂含量的选择进行了讨论。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.