解析飞机结构腐蚀评级准则

腐蚀防护与控制是确保老龄飞机持续适航性的重要维护方案。腐蚀评级是腐蚀防护与控制的核心。腐蚀级别决定于结构腐蚀的“腐蚀原因”、“腐蚀类别”和“腐蚀程度”。“腐蚀原因”是偶然因素还是非偶然因素、“腐蚀类别”是局部腐蚀还是蔓延腐蚀、“腐蚀程度”是否超出允许损伤极限,是腐蚀评级的决定因素     

交替盐雾环境下Ti-15-3钛合金与MT700/603B连接件的接触腐蚀行为

研究交替盐雾环境下Ti-15-3钛合金与MT700/603B碳纤维复合材料的接触腐蚀行为,分析碳纤维表面状态、缝隙宽度、腐蚀时间等对腐蚀敏感性和腐蚀特征影响.结果表明,缝隙宽度为0.06 mm时钛合金腐蚀最为严重.缝隙腐蚀和接触腐蚀相比,在相同腐蚀条件下后者的腐蚀失重速率、腐蚀氧化层面积均显著大于前者,表明钛合金接触腐...     

涡轮表面腐蚀原因分析

镍基高温合金涡轮在运行一段时间后表面发生了严重腐蚀、叶片尺寸减小。通过对涡轮表面观察、测试与分析,确定了涡轮表面腐蚀为热腐蚀,腐蚀机理为钠盐热腐蚀,腐蚀介质为含硫钠盐,随着热腐蚀的加重,腐蚀产物不断剥落,导致叶片尺寸逐渐减小。涡轮表面发生热腐蚀原因是由于发动机燃油燃烧不充分,导致表面接触甚至沉积含硫钠盐,在发动机高温的共同作用下发生热腐蚀。     

铝合金加速腐蚀形貌灰度特征提取方法

基于腐蚀图像包含大量腐蚀信息的客观现象,将数字图像技术和概率统计理论应用于腐蚀图像预处理和特征提取,用腐蚀图像统计特征值的变化来表征腐蚀形貌的演化过程。结合LY12CZ铝合金在EXCO溶液中加速腐蚀试验,计算得到加速腐蚀不同时间的试验件表面6个典型灰度统计特征值。分析表明:试验件表面灰度统计特征值随着腐蚀时间的增加呈现规律性变化,平均亮度、一致性随腐蚀时间的增加而减少,而平均对比度、相对平滑度、第3阶矩、熵值等随腐蚀时间的增加而增加,说明随着腐蚀时间的增加,试件表面蚀坑逐渐变大变深,腐蚀越来越严重,腐蚀形貌越来越复杂。     

飞机结构腐蚀级别评定准则详析

腐蚀防护与控制方案是确保老龄飞机持续适航性的基本结构维护方案。腐蚀评级是腐蚀防护与控制的核心。提出以"腐蚀原因"、"腐蚀类别"和"腐蚀程度"为判断依据的腐蚀评级准则,不仅大大提高了腐蚀评级效率,并且已得到波音公司认可及中国民用航空总局的批准。     

铝合金腐蚀损伤演化数学模型

 对LY12 CZ铝合金试验件进行了腐蚀实验,着重考虑了腐蚀时间和腐蚀温度这两个参数。从电化学微观角度考察了腐蚀损伤的发展,利用蒙特卡罗方法对腐蚀损伤演化的概率模型进行模拟计算,并讨论了不同预腐蚀温度和时间对腐蚀损伤的影响,建立了腐蚀损伤度演化全过程的数学模型。此损伤演化数学模型的模拟结果与实验结果符合较好,可以用此模型来预测不同腐蚀环境下的腐蚀损伤情况。     

LY12CZ铝合金腐蚀疲劳影响系数（CFIC）规律研究

文章利用预腐蚀后的LY12CZ试件,进行了随机谱和等幅谱加载的疲劳及腐蚀疲劳试验,分析了预腐蚀年限和载荷谱对腐蚀疲劳影响系数的影响。试验结果表明：①腐蚀疲劳影响系数与预腐蚀年限呈递增趋势且当预腐蚀到一定程度时腐蚀疲劳影响系数趋近于1,这意味着在飞机日历寿命的中后期可以不考虑腐蚀疲劳的作用;②腐蚀疲劳影响系数与载荷谱呈现...     

300M超高强度钢在模拟积水环境中的腐蚀行为

 针对飞机结构部件在服役过程中存在的缝隙积水导致结构材料腐蚀的问题,通过研究腐蚀产物、形貌、失重、腐蚀速率、腐蚀损伤度以及积水溶液与暴露金属的面容比、pH值等的变化,探讨了300M超高强度钢在模拟积水环境中的腐蚀行为。结果表明,300M钢在模拟积水中的腐蚀是从点蚀开始,然后点蚀坑扩展合并,逐渐发展为全面腐蚀,其腐蚀失重和腐蚀损伤度随腐蚀时间的增加而增大,腐蚀损伤度则呈现出幂函数变化趋势;随腐蚀时间的延长,模拟积水环境中的pH值从初期的4.2升到5.2再下降到4.8～5.0,平均腐蚀速率也从0.289 g/(m²·h)线性减小到0.120 g/(m²·h);电化学交流阻抗结果表明随腐蚀时间的延长,容抗弧半径逐渐增大,说明腐蚀产物对基体起到一定的保护作用,这与腐蚀速率变化规律一致;另外,不同的面容比(腐蚀介质体积与300M钢暴露面积之比)对腐蚀过程的影响是:随面容比的增加,腐蚀失重与腐蚀速率均增大。     

铝合金加速腐蚀因子模型与分析

以腐蚀深度衡量铝合金的腐蚀损伤,假设蚀坑深度服从对数正态分布、腐蚀深度与腐蚀时间的关系为幂函数式,建立了加速腐蚀因子模型,给出了常用铝合金加速腐蚀因子的表达式;得到了加速腐蚀因子与腐蚀时间无关的结论。并建立了加速腐蚀因子估计值的分布特性和统计分析方法。     

纯镁和镁锂合金在中性3.5%NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为

采用电化学方法研究了纯Mg和Mg-Li合金在中性3.5%NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为,采用扫描电镜观察了腐蚀后的表面形貌,利用XRD测试了腐蚀前后纯Mg和Mg-Li合金表面的组成成分,并用失重法测试了腐蚀速率。结果表明:腐蚀初期,纯Mg的腐蚀电流小于Mg-Li合金,纯Mg的腐蚀电位高于Mg-Li合金,纯Mg的电化学反应电阻大于Mg-Li合金。经过24h腐蚀后,纯Mg的腐蚀速率大于Mg-Li合金,且两者腐蚀形貌不同,纯Mg的腐蚀坑大而深,蚀坑数量少;Mg-Li合金的腐蚀坑小而浅,蚀坑数量多并且表面变黑。纯Mg的腐蚀产物主要为Mg(OH)2,Mg-Li合金的腐蚀产物主要为Mg(OH)2,LiOH,MgLi,Mg3Li7,Al2O3。     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

ν-gap度量及其在飞行控制律评估中的应用

 传统控制律评估方法主要用于单输入单输出（SISO）系统，且对模型参数摄动考虑不够全面,针对这些不足，研究了ν-gap度量方法。在介绍系统广义稳定裕度相关概念的基础上，给出了ν-gap度量的定义、特点和性质以及近似摄动模型的计算，提出ν-gap度量评估控制律的步骤。实例结果表明，该方法不仅克服了上述传统评估方法的缺陷，而且还有根据所求的各摄动影响情况忽略影响小的元素，以减少计算量及可以找到最坏情况下的参数摄动组合等优点。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Integrated Entry Guidance for Reusable Launch Vehicle

A method for the implementation of integrated three-degree-of-freedom constrained entry guidance for reusable launch vehicle is presented. Given any feasible entry conditions, terminal area energy management interface conditions, and the reference trajectory generated onboard then, the method can generate a longitudinal guidance profile rapidly, featuring linear quadratic regular method and a proportional-integral-derivative tracking law with time-varying gains, which satisfies all the entry corridor constraints and meets the requirements with high precision. Afterwards, by utilizing special features of crossrange parameter, establishing bank-reversal corridor, and determining bank-reversals according to dynamically adjusted method, the algorithm enables the lateral entry guidance system to fly a wide range of missions and provides reliable and good performance in the presence of significant aerodynamic modeling uncertainty. Fast trajectory guidance profiles and simulations with a reusable launch vehicle model for various missions and aerodynamic uncertain-ties are presented to demonstrate the capacity and reliability of this method.     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。