随机结构孤立特征值的统计特性

研究了随机结构的孤立特征值问题。将材料物理量的随机场扩展为K-L(Karhunen-Loeve)正交展式,采用非正交多项式混沌展式表达孤立特征值,建立了和摄动法类似的一系列确定的递推方程,并通过确定性有限元方法求解了这些递推方程,得到了特征值的均值和方差。在算例中用蒙特卡洛方法验证了本方法的正确性。     

Orthogonalization Techniques of a Direction Cosine Matrix

Three orthogonalization techniques to correct errors in the computeddirection cosine matrix are introduced. One of these techniques is avectorial technique based on the fact that the three rows of a directioncosine matrix constitute an orthonormal set of vectors in aree-threedimensional space. The other two iterative techniques are based onthe fact that the inverse and transpose of an orthogonal matrix areequal. In computing a time-varying direction cosine matrix computationalional errors are accompanied by the loss of the orthogonaliterty prop-rty of the matrix. When one of these three techniques is useo re-restore the orthogonality of the matrix, the computational errors arealso corrected. These techniques were tested experimentally and theresults, given in this paper, were compared with a method used by the Honeywell Corporation.     

Error analysis of quaternion transformations [inertial navigation]

Three transformation formulas that relate the quaternions to the direction cosine matrix used in strapdown inertial systems are derived. An error model associated with the computed direction cosine matrix is briefly discussed. Error analysis is fully evaluated analytically and tabulated for comparison. Transformation errors associated with these formulas are analyzed. The drift errors evaluated under constant angular velocity are shown to vary slightly among three different transformations. It is shown that the skew errors in three transformation schemes are not all intrinsically zero. The scale errors may differ largely by two orders of magnitude among transformation schemes. This may become a criteria for selection of altitude transformation schemes     

A New Mathematical Formulation for Strapdown Inertial Navigation

A differential equation is developed for the orientation vector relating the body frame to a chosen reference frame. The time derivative of this vector is the sum of the inertially measurable angular velocity vector and of the inertially nonmeasurable noncommutativity rate vector. It is precisely this noncommutativity rate vector that causes the computational problems when numerically integrating the direction cosine matrix. The orientation vector formulation allows the noncommutativity contribution to be isolated and, therefore, treated separately and advantageously. An orientation vector mechanization is presented for a strap down inertial system. Further, an example is given of the applica tion of this formulation to a typical rigid body rotation problem.     

舰载机惯导系统快速传递对准方法建模与仿真

为解决舰载机惯导系统在大方位失准角条件下的快速传递对准问题,提出了一种新的线性化方法.通过舰船坐标系与舰载机标称坐标系之间的方向余弦矩阵,将舰船坐标系与舰载机实际坐标系之间的大方位失准角问题,转化为舰载机标称坐标系与舰载机实际坐标系之间的小方位失准角问题,建立了舰载机传递对准的线性化数学模型,采用"速度+姿态"匹配法对传递对准滤波器进行仿真.结果表明在20 s时间以内曲线即收敛,使得水平失准角误差和方位失准角误差在1以内,满足了对准速度和精度的要求,克服了传统方法对准时间较长的缺点.     

基于最小二乘聚焦矩阵的宽带信号DOA估计

提出基于最小二乘的聚焦矩阵构造方法,首先,对宽带信号的每个频率分量,在所有可能的角度上构造方向向量;其次,在聚焦的频率点上,构造这些方向上的方向向量;最后,根据构造的方向向量,采用最小二乘方法求解聚焦矩阵。该方法不需要对DOA进行预估计,具有较好的稳定性和较高的角度分辨率。经计算机仿真验证,该方法是正确的。     

弯折翼尖对飞翼布局飞机气动特性影响

为提升无尾飞翼布局飞机航向控制能力,以典型飞翼布局飞机模型为研究对象设计了翼尖可绕弦线方向偏转结构。基于FL-14风洞单自由度动态试验系统开展了静态和动导数试验,研究了飞翼布局飞机基本气动特性及翼尖偏转对全机气动特性的影响。结果表明：无尾飞翼布局飞机航向呈静不稳定,航向动稳定性极弱,航向增稳设计及控制很有必要;翼尖偏转有助于增强飞机的航向静、动稳定性,并很好地解决了传统阻力类舵面航向增稳时导致全机升阻比下降气动效率降低的问题;翼尖偏转能够有效改善飞翼布局飞机恶化的荷兰滚模态使之趋近于常规布局飞机模态,这有利于简化飞机横航向控制律设计方法。弯折翼尖结构具有舵面少、效率高的特点,是航向增稳的有效手段,具有应用价值。     

基于CFD动网格技术的飞艇动导数计算方法

由于飞艇和飞机这两种飞行器在飞行原理、气动外形等方面都存在较大的差别,因此现有的飞机动导数工程估算公式和经验数据并不适用于飞艇动导数求解。为了解决上述问题,提出了一种新的基于CFD动网格技术的飞艇动导数计算方法。通过非结构化动网格技术,建立飞艇在流场中的强迫振动模型,采用有限体积法对N—S方程求解,研究飞艇在强迫振动中的气动特性变化规律,并基于数值计算结果求解飞艇的动导数。研究发现,得到的计算结果与风洞试验结果基本一致,表明基于CFD动网格技术进行飞艇的动导数求解是有效可行的。     

Practical Comparison of Iterative Matrix Orthogonalization Algorithms

In previous work several algorithms for orthogonalizing the direction cosine matrix were introduced and their convergence rate and range were theoretically investigated. Three of the most promising algorithms are examined in this paper. lt is shown that the so-called Dual Algorithm is by far superior to the other two from the point of view of speed, computer memory, accuracy, and convergence rate. lt is therefore recommended that whenever the direction cosine matrix is computed by simple numerical integration of a matrix differential equation, the Dual Algorithm be used to orthogonalize the resultant matrix.     

求解捷联式方向余弦矩阵的一种新方法

本文提出求解捷联式方向余弦矩阵的一种新方法——三角函数法。建立了三角函数的微分方程;讨论了求解位置矩阵、姿态矩阵正交化等有关问题;对三角函数法的计算误差进行了分析。通过大量的数学模拟,对四元数法、方向余弦法及三角函数法的计算精度作了比较。结果表明,三角函数法运算量较小,精度高,是求解方向余弦矩阵的可行方法。     

叶轮机械中间隙流与通道二次流相互作用的数值研究

采用数值解法对一压气机静叶栅中叶顶泄漏流与通道二次流的相互作用进行研究 ,详细揭示了在顶部区通道涡、泄漏涡及分离涡的生成和发展。结果表明 ,由于泄漏流动与通道二次流动的方向正好相反 ,适量的泄漏流动可以在一定程度上起到削弱通道涡强度、改善顶部区流动状况的作用。     

盘轴转子系统临界转速计算的改进传递矩阵法

在用传递矩阵法分析转子系统的临界转速时,传统的方法是忽略轮盘的厚度,将轮盘的传递矩阵作为点矩阵来处理的,这样会导致转子轴的刚度比实际模型的低,进而导致临界转速的计算结果偏低。本文将通过轮盘的传递矩阵作为场矩阵来处理,对计及轮盘厚度的传递矩阵进行了推导。分别使用传统传递矩阵法和本文提出的改进传递矩阵法对2个盘在不同位置的单盘转子模型以及一个多盘转子系统的临界转速进行了计算。对比结果表明,传统传递矩阵法的计算误差很容易就会达到一个不可忽略的水平,改进的传递矩阵法解决了这一问题。     

极坐标系下泊松方程的拟谱方法

极坐标系下的泊松方程,由于坐标原点的奇异性,给谱方法的实施带来了很大的困难。本文提出了一种新的拟谱方法,在径向上求解区域为[-1,1],采用标准的Gauss-Lobatto配置点;而在角方向上配置点均匀分布在[0,π]内。通过对配置点及空间导数矩阵的处理,成功解决了坐标奇异问题。同时也避免了配置点在原点附近的集中,极大改善了矩阵条件数,减小了舍入误差,从而提高了解的精度。数值实验表明,该方法具有很高的精度。     

机翼边界层计算及其在飞机设计中的应用

本文给出一种计算实际机翼可压缩层流-紊流三维边界层的新方法。方法使用了Cebeci提出的一种非正交坐标系,并采用一种二次变换以克服在某处横流发生反号时计算遇到的困难。对Lockheed C-5A机翼和F-8超临界机翼给出了一系列计算结果,并同其它方法的结果以及试验数据作了比较。     

超声速平面钝体流动的快速解法

本文介绍了一种平面流动的快速欧拉方程解法。该方法将原参数非定常欧拉方程组重新组合成以广义称曼变量表示的欧拉方程组，再用二点二步迎风格式离散解。针对钝体流动，本文先建立了动网格下的方程，构造了动网格下的算法。提出了一种简单的激波处理方法。计算结果表明，该方法速度快，稳定性好，对初场不敏感。     

不可压扰动方程高精度对称紧致差分数值解法及应用

从粘性不可压扰动方程一阶改型形式出发,对其实现了高精度对称紧致差分离散,就导出的扰动线性特征值问题给出了一个高铲双重迭代局部解法,以相同精度将特征值和特征函数同时得到。通过不可平面Ｐｏｉｓｅｕｉｌｌｅ流时间稳定性算例详细对比显示了算法良好的谱分辨能力和较弱的网格依赖性,并结合复矩阵广义特征隐式移ＱＺ算法获取了一个 扰动特征值谱计算结果。     

基于共轭方程法的跨音速机翼气动力优化设计

 设计状态的机翼气动力特性是设计人员最为关心的指标, 应用控制理论设计方法进行了有升力约束情形下跨音速机翼阻力优化设计研究, 根据给定的目标函数推导了相应的共轭方程和边界条件, 研究了共轭方程的数值求解方法, 以及计算目标函数对设计变量的敏感性导数时所涉及的度量矩阵变分求解问题, 研究了流场计算、共轭方程数值求解、敏感性导数求解和拟牛顿优化算法这几个主要方面的有效结合问题, 发展出了一种跨音速机翼气动力优化设计方法, 进行了跨音速机翼气动力优化设计研究验证, 优化后机翼气动力特性有一定程度的改善, 阻力系数能减少20%左右, 而升力系数有所增大, 说明所发展的设计方法是成功的, 该设计方法在跨音速及复杂外形气动设计方面比以往设计方法具有更好的适用性和优越性。     

A closed-form solution for moving source localization using LBI changing rate of phase difference only

Due to the deficiencies in the conventional multiple-receiver localization systems based on direction of arrival(DOA) such as system complexity of interferometer or array and amplitude/phase unbalance between multiple receiving channels and constraint on antenna configuration,a new radiated source localization method using the changing rate of phase difference(CRPD)measured by a long baseline interferometer(LBI) only is studied. To solve the strictly nonlinear problem, a two-stage closed-form solution is proposed. In the first stage, the DOA and its changing rate are estimated from the CRPD of each observer by the pseudolinear least square(PLS) method,and then in the second stage, the source position and velocity are found by another PLS minimization. The bias of the algorithm caused by the correlation between the measurement matrix and the noise in the second stage is analyzed. To reduce this bias, an instrumental variable(IV) method is derived. A weighted IV estimator is given in order to reduce the estimation variance. The proposed method does not need any initial guess and the computation is small. The Cramer–Rao lower bound(CRLB) and mean square error(MSE) are also analyzed. Simulation results show that the proposed method can be close to the CRLB with moderate Gaussian measurement noise.     

提高飞行器姿态角计算精度的方法研究

分析了传统的通过方向余弦矩阵、四元数形式的飞行器转动微分方程数值积分结果确定姿态角方法的不足,介绍了基于改进的牛顿法确定飞行器姿态角的方法.基于多次测量均值效应原理,介绍多使用上述两种方法中的元素提高飞行器姿态角计算精度的算法及仿真结果.     

Crosstalk Resistant Receiver for M-ary Multiplexed Communications

Attention is directed to the problem of M-ary signal transmission from a multiplicity of synchronized information sources. A receiver processor is derived which suppresses the effect of crosstalk between nonorthogonal signals. The processor is valid for a general zero mean, noise environment. A probability of error bound is derived for the processor. Several examples illustrate the processor.