运载火箭姿态控制稳定性多速率陀螺组合策略

针对运载火箭飞行姿态控制中采用多速率陀螺组合代替单速率陀螺的问题,提出了任意数量速率陀螺组合的斜率计算方法,方法适用于大型运载火箭一级飞行速率陀螺组合姿态控制方式。推导了组合斜率不确定度的计算公式,并将不确定度纳入组合系数矩阵的计算当中,从而给出了一套工程实用的多速率陀螺组合姿态控制弹性稳定性策略。利用工程实例说明了组合速率陀螺较单个陀螺的优势。多速率陀螺的使用降低了对全箭模态试验振型斜率选位和斜率测量精度的要求,可为未来运载火箭不开展全箭试验提供支撑。     

振动轮式MEMS陀螺动力学分析

振动轮工MEMS陀螺是硅微陀螺中最具有发展前景的类型之一。本文应用欧拉动力学理论，列写了振动轮式MEMS陀螺的运动方程，在一定的假设条件下，推导出了敏感模态的输入输出关系，并指出了提高敏感性能的几条措施。     

Fault detection,identification and reconstruction for gyroscope in satellite based on independent component analysis

Although satellites are designed with high reliability, faults do occur when satellites are in orbit. To avoid the important services being affected, redundancy is used in satellites. There are many sensors in satellites. In order to reduce the cost, space, weight and power consumption, redundant sensors should be added to satellite as few as possible. Analytical redundancy is an efficient way to optimize the application of redundant. The gyroscope is the attitude determination sensor of the satellite. The minimum redundant structure of the gyroscope system is as follows: three gyroscopes installed in three-axis orthogonally and one gyroscope installed with slantwise for redundancy(3o+1S).To achieve fault detection, identification and reconstruction, hypothesis of statistical independence between the three-axis angular rates and hypothesis of statistical independence between the angular rates and fault are proposed. The scenario that only one sensor is faulting and there are only additive fault and full fault is supposed. Under these assumptions, firstly a threshold method is used for fault detection. After a fault is detected, independent component analysis (ICA) based algorithm for fault identification is employed. To overcome the ambiguities of ICA, correlation coefficients and prior information of the mixed matrix are used. Finally, the reconstruction matrix is obtained. By using this matrix fault signal is extracted so that the yaw, roll and pitch axes (three-axis) angular rates of the satellite can be recovered. Numerical simulations show this method can fulfill fault detection, identification and reconstruction of the gyroscope system.     

基于四元数估计角速率的陀螺故障定位

当卫星速率积分陀螺的配置冗余度不满足一致性检验条件时，不能单纯利用硬件冗余实现陀螺的故障定位。鉴于角度和角速度敏感器的输出通过卫星运动学相关，本文利用姿态测量敏感器的输出来诊断陀螺故障。首先根据姿态测量敏感器的输出得到卫星姿态四元数，进而根据四元数动力学方程得到粗略的姿态角速度信息，并将此角速度作为输出信息用于对卫星动力学方程的滤波，从而得到较精确的角速度信息，为单冗余度陀螺组件的故障定位提供解析冗余信息。利用四元数方法可以避免出现奇点。仿真结果证明了该方法的有效性。     

The In-orbit Application of 25Nms Gyroscope Fills the Gap in Domestic Market

After the successful launch of Yaogan 14, the 25Nms control moment gyroscope onboard the Yaogan 14 satellite successfully finished the attitude maneuver commands to the satellite and operates in a normal state. The successful maiden use of the 25Nms gyroscope fills the gap in the field of small control moment gyroscopes in the     

基于数值微分方法的卫星陀螺故障诊断(英文)

提出一种基于数值微分的卫星陀螺故障诊断方法。通过引入代数可观测的概念,将故障诊断问题转化为求解数值微分问题。并根据卫星姿态运动学方程证明了陀螺故障的代数可观性。然后通过高增益观测器的方法来近似姿态敏感器测量输出的数值导数,并利用李雅普诺夫理论分析和设计高增益观测器。基于陀螺故障的代数可观性和星敏感器测量输出的数值微分,可以直接得到陀螺组件的故障估计值。最后,通过突变、缓变和并发故障等仿真算例验证了算法的有效性,仿真结果表明所提出的方法不仅可以检测故障的发生,而且能够估计故障幅值。     

非线性刚度对微机械陀螺动态性能的影响*

为了提高微机械陀螺的稳定性,研究自由振动状态下活动基座上L-L型双质量微机械陀螺的动态性能,建立微机械陀螺的数学模型,得到以幅值-相位为变量的运动微分方程的解,并给出这种解与轨道元素的联系。研究框架质量和弹性件非线性刚度对陀螺漂移量的影响,并给出数值例子。对所得到的解析关系式与曲线进行分析,作出关于系统性能的相应结论。     

速率捷联惯导系统陀螺仪误差分段补偿技术研究

分析标度因数误差补偿的必要性和可行性,提出了对陀螺按照角速度 大小分段进行标定比例系数的方法,以补偿由于角速度变化而引起的陀螺标度 因数误差。通过计算机仿真验证了误差补偿方法的正确性,为实际应用提供了 理论依据。     

捷联惯导/星敏感器组合系统的在轨自标定方法研究

研究了捷联惯导/星敏感器组合系统中对陀螺仪和星敏感器进行在轨自标定的方法。分析捷联惯导系统和星敏感器的误差源,对陀螺仪随机漂移和星敏感器安装误差进行建模并列入系统状态,建立系统状态方程;利用捷联惯导输出的载体位置、姿态与星敏感器输出的姿态矩阵来构造量测,建立量测方程。设计卡尔曼滤波算法,经过滤波计算获得陀螺仪随机常值漂移和星敏感器安装误差的估计值,从而实现组合系统的在轨自标定。仿真结果表明,基于卡尔曼滤波的在轨自标定方法能够标定出85%以上的陀螺仪随机常值漂移和95%以上的星敏感器安装误差。     

基于星敏感器角速度估计的陀螺故障诊断

当星载惯性基准单元 (IMU)正常工作的陀螺的冗余度不满足奇偶方程法条件时 ,无法进行陀螺的故障诊断。本文通过卫星稳态运行期间高精度星敏感器输出的姿态四元数信息 ,根据卫星姿态运动学方程和姿态动力学方程 ,采用非线性广义卡尔曼滤波 (EKF)得到星体角速度的估计值。在此基础上 ,通过设计的故障诊断方案对陀螺故障进行定位。数学仿真验证了这种方法的有效性     

基于地轴矢量解算的SINS无纬度支持自对准方法

针对无纬度条件下SINS初始对准问题,提出了一种基于地轴矢量解算的对准方法。在静止基座下,利用陀螺仪敏感地轴矢量,直接建立导航系轴向矢量在载体系的正交投影,解析式确定姿态矩阵;晃动基座条件下,根据惯性系重力矢量观测,构建以地轴矢量为旋转轴的两组等角旋转矢量序列,利用QUEST算法求解旋转四元数实现对地轴矢量的优化解算,并以此建立导航系轴向矢量的载体惯性系投影,最后利用陀螺跟踪载体系相对惯性系的变化,确定载体系相对导航系的姿态关系。静止基座解算实验表明直接解析式对准与传统的解析式对准精度相当,但解算效率得到了提高;晃动基座仿真与船载实验均表明基于四元数的地轴矢量优化解算在精度上要优于三矢量几何解算方法,引入低通滤波环节后,对准精度进一步提高。     

Three-axial fiber optic gyroscope

We consider a new design of a high-precision three-axial sensor of angular velocities whose sensitive elements are fiber optic gyroscopes using the Sagnac effect. The instrument is designed for measuring the rotation velocity of an orbiting spacecraft (microsatellite) and for performing its attitude control.     

Study of singular surfaces of systems of unsupported gyrodynes by the parameter continuation method

A system of two-degree-of-freedom force gyroscopes (gyrodynes) is considered to be used for spacecraft attitude control. Possible values of its total angular momentum form some finite region P in the frame of reference rigidly connected with the spacecraft. Near the boundary of this region and singular surfaces located inside it the control of the angular momentum is complicated or impossible. The program angular momentum of the gyrodynes, realizing the law of variation of the spacecraft orientation, should lie inside P and outside some singular surfaces, and due to this fact the boundary and internal singular surfaces should be studied. This work is dedicated to the numerical construction of region P and its internal singular surfaces by the method of parameter continuation. Using the results by E.N. Tokar’ we formalize sufficient conditions which in some cases allow one to determine the type of the singular surface. As an example, a system of six gyrodynes is considered, for which the regions of variations of the intrinsic angular momentum and singular surfaces are constructed. The possibilities of the system are demonstrated for the case when one gyrodyne fails.     

基于惯性系的双轴旋转式惯导系统转位方法

针对双轴旋转式惯导系统中不能自动补偿标度因数误差与地球自转耦合误差的问题,提出了一种改进的转位方法。该方法不增加转轴数目,通过补偿地球自转在转轴平面的投影抑制耦合误差项,计算结果表明该方法适用于激光陀螺惯导系统和光纤陀螺惯导系统。利用改进的转位方法对双轴旋转式惯导系统进行仿真,仿真结果验证了该方法的可行性。研究结果为双轴旋转式惯导系统的工程设计和改进提供了一定的理论支持。     

BLKF方法抑制MEMS惯性传感器随机噪声

针对微机电系统（MEMS）惯性传感器应用卡尔曼滤波（KF）处理数据时随机噪声难以估计的缺点,提出一种基于贝叶斯拉普拉斯卡尔曼滤波（BLKF）的随机噪声更新方法。该方法利用拉普拉斯近似算法,将贝叶斯边缘分布近似表示,能够避免贝叶斯方法更新过程中由于数据维数较大造成后验边缘分布较难估计的情况,提高对随机噪声的更新效率和精度。通过陀螺仪转台实验采集实验数据,运用KF与BLKF分别滤波。对比滤波结果可发现,BLKF比KF能更好地反映真实角速度状态。同时,在陀螺仪角速度变化时,BLKF的可靠性和准确性更高,滤波效果更具优势,能够达到抑制MEMS惯性传感器随机噪声的目的。     

Multiple model Kalman filter for attitude determination of precision pointing spacecraft

This paper proposes a novel multiple model estimator for the satellite attitude determination system composed of gyroscopes and star sensors. The main objective is to calibrate the low frequency error of the star sensor and improve the attitude determination accuracy. In the proposed approach, first, the specific frequencies of the low frequency error is extracted according to the frequency spectrum of the estimate of the gyroscope drift obtained from a standard Kalman filter; then, a bank of Kalman filters based on multiple models is implemented to identify the amplitudes of the error signals with the specific frequencies, such that a reference model is obtained to compensate for the effects of the low frequency error. Simulation results indicate that the proposed approach outperforms the existing calibration approach based on the state augmentation technique.     

卫星太阳能帆板的撞击问题

本文研究卫星帆板展开过程中的撞击问题，用子结构方法和单向递推组集方法行到经铰坐标和柔性体模态坐标为系统广义坐标的撞击阶段柔性多体系统的动力学方程，由与撞击有关约束方程的Ｌａｇｒａｎｇｅ乘子导出撞击力的计算公式，计算了卫星帆板在撞击过程中撞击力的最大值和卫星姿态角速度的变化规律。计算结果表明，对柔性体之间的碰撞，卫星姿态角速度在变化过程中呈现上下波动的趋势。     

Actuator placement from degree of controllability criteria for regular slewing of flexible spacecraft

An important unresolved problem in the attitude and shape control of future large flexible spacecraft is the determination of appropriate locations throughout the flexible vehicle for placement of control system actuators. In a separate work a definition of the degree of controllability was generated for this purpose when the control objective was to return the spacecraft to the desired equilibrium configuration after any disturbance. In some potential space missions the objective will require angular slewing maneuvers of a flexible structure. The optimum actuator locations should be significantly different for this objective. In this paper, concepts of the degree of controllability of a control system for performing standard maneuvers are developed from basic physical considerations, and then numerical methods for generating the degree of controllability are developed. These results offer the control system designer a method of evaluating the effectiveness of candidate actuator distributions. The method is shown to take on a relatively simple form when spacecraft modal coordinates are used.     

捷联惯组空间五点减振的振动耦合分析

针对某型光纤(FOG)捷联惯组(SINS)的轻量化设计要求,采用了空间五点减振的布局方案。基于弹性中心理论计算了空间五点减振系统的弹性中心和偏心量,在捷联惯组存在质心偏移的情况下,增设第五点减振器可以将减振系统的弹性中心和捷联惯组惯性测量系统质心之间的偏心量减少到1.42mm。从刚体动力学出发对振动耦合的解耦条件进行了讨论,指出捷联惯组在惯性主轴偏移的情况下,空间五点减振系统无法实现角振动的解耦,但是通过调整IMU结构布局的质心,或通过调整减振器的刚度比,都可以实现线振动和角振动的解耦。用有限元方法对上述两种解耦方案下捷联惯组的冲击响应进行了计算,仿真结果表明,调节质心和调整减振器刚度两种方法对于降低IMU振动耦合的效果均较为理想,由线冲击引起的角振动降低了约29~100倍。