薄壁长筒复杂车铣类零件的高效高精加工工艺研究

本文针对一种薄壁长筒复杂车铣类零件加工精度难以保证、加工效率低的特点,分析了该类零件加工中的难点及易出现的问题,设计了加工该零件的加工工艺及加工工装,并将该工艺及工装应用于实际加工。结果表明：使用该工艺及工装不仅能够保证零件的尺寸和形位公差,减小了零件的变形量,保证了零件的加工质量,而且极大地提高了生产效率。     

特殊材料复杂结构零件工艺设计与加工

以采用了特殊材料、结构形状又较为复杂的一项典型零件为例,对加工特殊材料复杂结构零件的工艺设计与加工进行了认真的分析,提出了加工这类零件合理的工艺设计思路与加工方法。     

某型号舵面数控加工技术研究

通过分析某型号导弹舵面零件的加工特点,有针对性地采取工艺措施,从工装、刀具、加工方法及数控编程等工艺因素入手,克服了该零件的加工难题,使舵面零件的加工质量得到保证,并使其加工效率得到了明显提高。     

精密殷钢薄壁件制造工艺

通过零件结构分析、工艺方案论证、专用的工装、刀具设计，对传统充填加强、脱强成形加工薄壁零件的工艺方法进行革新，并针对零件的工艺特点，编制了合理的数控加工程序，制定了适用、先进的工艺规程，解决了精密薄壁殷钢零件的制造工艺技术难题，极大地降低了生产成本，缩短了产品加工周期，取得良好经济效益。     

口框零件的加工

大型口框零件的加工有一定的难度，经过工艺方案的选择，利用现有设备，扩大了机床的加工范围。通过对口框零件的工艺攻关，解决了加工中口框压弯成型、零件热校形、口框打孔等加工难点。     

提高工艺文件编制效率的方法探讨

通过实例分析,对比生产管理中的零件加工排序方法和编制多项工艺文件工作的相似性,得出了在编制多项工艺文件时,应用零件加工中的最短加工时间原则,对多项工艺文件的执行顺序进行合理的排序,可以显著缩短总流程时间,从而有效地提高工艺工作效率。     

天线连接框的机加工工艺研究

文中主要介绍了某卫星舱体复合材料壁板即东板中的大型预埋件—天线连接框零件的结构特点和加工难点,以及初样阶段零件加工工艺方案的制定,分析了出现的一些问题,并详细介绍了在正样阶段机加工工艺的改进措施。     

精密薄壁支架零件高效防变形工艺研究

开展了精密薄壁支架零件的结构特点和技术难点分析,通过对薄壁支架类零件结构加工过程进行仿真分析、加工工艺优化等技术研究,实现了弱刚性结构零件的高效防变形加工,提高了弱刚性结构零件的加工精度和表面质量,从而满足了高精度薄壁支架类零件的质量要求。     

整体壁板高速切削工艺研究

针对某薄壁壁板零件的结构特点进行工艺分析,分析零件关键技术难点,并从效率和质量角度出发,提出了高速加工工艺方法的解决措施,对今后同类型薄壁结构件的高速加工工艺、加工方法、数控编程及高效加工都具有一定的借鉴作用。     

中介机匣加工工艺

分析了中介机匣的结构特点和工艺难点,重点对薄壁焊接件的装配焊接、变形控制进行了论述。通过工艺试验摸索出一套适合结构复杂零件加工的工艺流程和工艺方法。该方法能够有效地解决薄壁件加工变形难题,生产出了合格产品。     

镁铝贫氧推进剂的能量分析

利用冲压发动机热力计算程序，对镁铝中能贫氧推进剂的能量特性进行了系统研究，并探讨了高能级分对该类贫氧推进剂能量性能的影响，研究结果表明，在镁铝中能贫氧推进剂中增加镁粉含量（或减少铝粉含量）贫氧推进剂的比冲下降，在一定空燃比范围内，增加空燃比有助于提高冲压发动机的比冲。提高贫氧推进剂中ＣＬ－２０和硼粉含量，可以显著提高共能量，而采用叠氮类含能粘合剂取代惰性粘合剂时贫氧推进剂的比冲降低。     

Analysis of the Accuracy of Ballistic Descent from a Circular Circumterrestrial Orbit

The problem of the transportation of the results of experiments and observations to Earth every so often appears in space research. Its simplest and low-cost solution is the employment of a small ballistic reentry spacecraft. Such a spacecraft has no system of control of the descent trajectory in the atmosphere. This can result in a large spread of landing points, which make it difficult to search for the spacecraft and very often a safe landing. In this work, a choice of a compromise scheme of the flight is considered, which includes the optimum braking maneuver, adequate conditions of the entry into the atmosphere with limited heating and overload, and also the possibility of landing within the limits of a circle with a radius of 12.5 km. The following disturbing factors were taken into account in the analysis of the accuracy of landing: the errors of the braking impulse execution, the variations of the atmosphere density and the wind, the error of the specification of the ballistic coefficient of the reentry spacecraft, and a displacement of its center of mass from the symmetry axis. It is demonstrated that the optimum maneuver assures the maximum absolute value of the reentry angle and the insensitivity of the trajectory of descent with respect to small errors of orientation of the braking engine in the plane of the orbit. It is also demonstrated that the possible error of the landing point due to the error of specification of the ballistic coefficient does not depend (in the linear approximation) upon its value and depends only upon the reentry angle and the accuracy of specification of this coefficient. A guided parachute with an aerodynamic efficiency of about two should be used at the last leg of the reentry trajectory. This will allow one to land in a prescribed range and to produce adequate conditions for the interception of the reentry spacecraft by a helicopter in order to prevent a rough landing.     

Optimization of the Flight of a Spacecraft with a Solar Sail from the Earth to Mars with a Perturbation Maneuver near Venus

The trajectories of the fastest flight of a spacecraft (SC) with a solar sail from the Earth's sphere of activity to the Martian sphere of activity including the section of a perturbation maneuver near Venus are investigated. The planetary spheres of activity are assumed to be point-like; i.e., the maneuver section and the initial and final positions of the SC coincide with the corresponding positions of the planets. The initial velocity of the SC is assumed to be equal to the Earth's velocity, so that no leveling of the velocities of the SC and Mars in the final point of the flight is required. The perturbation maneuver is considered as a jump of the heliocentric velocity of the SC at the point of its contact with Venus, which does not change the magnitude of its Venus-centric velocity. The orbits of planets are assumed to be circular and coplanar; the SC trajectory lies at the plane of these orbits. The sail is planar with a specularly reflecting surface. The trajectories of optimum flights are determined as a result of solving the boundary value problem of the Pontryagin maximum principle. The families of solutions to this problem depending on the initial angular positions of Venus and Mars are constructed by the method of continuation over a parameter.     

固体火箭超燃冲压发动机补燃室构型的影响分析

针对不同补燃室结构参数对固体火箭超燃冲压发动机补燃室掺混燃烧性能的影响进行研究,分析各级燃烧室的长度与扩张角度对补燃室性能的影响。采用基于密度的二阶迎风格式对补燃室掺混燃烧进行模拟,湍流模型和燃烧模型分别采用SST k-ω模型和涡团耗散模型。结果表明,提高燃烧效率与降低总压损失是相互矛盾的;燃烧效率随燃烧室长度的增加而增大,随燃烧室扩张角度的增加而减小;总压恢复系数随燃烧室长度的增加而减小,随燃烧室扩张角度的增加而增大;一级燃烧室的结构参数对燃烧效率与总压恢复系数的影响最大。当补燃室的总长与出口面积一定时,以发动机的总体性能参数作为补燃室构型的优化目标,对一、二级燃烧室长度与一、三级燃烧室扩张角度进行优化。     

Determination of kinematic state of an orbiting multibody using GNSS signals

Precise attitude determination of the members of a free-flying multibody system is a not so immediate task, due essentially to the large motion of its appendages coupled with their relevant flexibility effects. In fact, sensors used to this aim in current projects, such as optical encoders usually positioned near the joints of each arm, are almost blind to these effects, and clusters of specific redundant sensors should, therefore, be required in order to reconstruct both elastic deformations and rigid motion.Satellite navigation systems (GNSS) offer a suitable and reliable solution to this problem. To exploit the phase of the signal, instead of the traditional pseudo random code, ensures a very high accuracy of the order of magnitude of centimeter. Such a process requires the solution of an initial ambiguity problem, related to the number of integer wavelength included in the length of the member.The aim of the paper is to investigate the capability of this GNSS based technique to reconstruct the kinematics of a flexible multibody system orbiting around the Earth. This analysis requires a simulation including both the multibody dynamics and the navigation system constellation to define the satellites lines-of-sight at each time step.Concerning multibody equations of motion, a Newtonian formulation is adopted in this work. A special attention is required about the choice of the state variables. As the internal forces are associated to the relative displacements between the bodies, which are small fractions of the distance of the multibody spacecraft from the center of the Earth, the task of obtaining these forces from inertial coordinates could be impossible from a numerical point of view. So, the problem is reformulated in such a way that the equation of motion of the system contains global equations, with no internal forces, and local equations, with internal forces. In the latter, only quantities of the same order of the spacecraft dimensions are present.Accuracies achievable in LEO orbit with current GPS and upcoming Galileo systems are evaluated to show the interest of the proposed technique.     

Generalized restricted circular three-body problem as a model for dynamics of binary asteroids

Exploration of the Solar System has recently revealed the existence of a large number of asteroids with satellites, which has stimulated interest in studying the dynamics of such systems. This paper is dedicated to the analysis of the relative motion of a binary asteroid. The conditions of existence of such a system (i.e., when its components do not run away) are derived in the Introduction. Then it is assumed that the satellite has no significant effect on the motion of the main asteroid, the latter being modeled as a dumbbell-like precessing solid body. The equations of motion of this system are a two-parameter generalization of the corresponding equations of the restricted circular three-body problem. It is demonstrated that in the system under consideration there exist steady-state motions in which the small asteroid is equidistant from attracting centers at the ends of the dumbbell (an analog to triangle libration points). The conditions of existence of such motions are derived, and the positions with respect to the dumbbell are analyzed in detail. Examination of the stability of the triangle libration points is reduced to investigation of a characteristic equation of the sixth degree. The stability conditions are derived in the case when the main asteroid executes near-planar motion.     

Uncontrolled Attitude Motion of the Foton-12 Satellite and Quasi-Steady Microaccelerations onboard It

The results of determination of the uncontrolled attitude motion of the Foton-12 satellite (placed in orbit on September 9, 1999, terminated its flight on September 24, 1999) are presented. The determination was carried out by the onboard measurement data of the Earth's magnetic field strength vector. Intervals with a duration of several hours were selected from data covering almost the entire flight. On each such interval the data were processed simultaneously using the least squares method by integrating the satellite's equations of motion with respect to the center of mass. The initial conditions of motion and the parameters of the mathematical model employed were estimated in processing. The results obtained provided for a complete representation of the satellite's motion during the flight. This motion, beginning with a small angular velocity, gradually sped up. The growth of the component of the angular velocity with respect to the longitudinal axis of the satellite was particularly strong. During the first several days of the flight this component increased virtually after every passage through the orbit's perigee. As the satellite's angular velocity increased, its motion became more and more similar to the regular Euler precession of an axisymmetric rigid body. In the last several days of flight the satellite's angular velocity with respect to its longitudinal axis was about 1 deg/s and the projection of the angular velocity onto the plane perpendicular to this axis had a magnitude of approximately 0.15 deg/s. The deviation of the longitudinal axis from the normal to the orbit plane did not exceed 60°. The knowledge of the attitude motion of the satellite allowed us to determine the quasi-steady microacceleration component onboard it at the locations of the technological and scientific equipment.     

空间太阳能电站姿态运动-结构振动耦合建模与分析

针对多旋转关节空间太阳能电站构型，利用基于能量等效原理的连续体等效方法将其等效为柔性梁模型，并考虑重力梯度影响，建立了姿态运动与结构振动的耦合动力学模型；结合Runge-Kutta 法和Newmark法的优点，提出了适用于求解姿态运动与结构振动耦合动力学方程的改进算法，相比于经典Runge-Kutta 法大幅提高了效率；利用改进算法得到了不同参数下的动力学响应。在此基础上，推导了结构振动量级随结构尺寸的六次方量级增加的规律，仿真结果表明尺寸过大引发不稳定现象；分析了姿态运动和重力梯度对结构振动频率和振幅的影响；发现了姿态运动周期受结构柔性影响而增大的现象，这种现象在低轨以及大初始姿态角下影响更为明显。     

Architectural design for space tourism

The paper describes the main issues for the design of an appropriately planned habitat for tourists in space.Due study and analysis of the environment of space stations (ISS, MIR, Skylab) delineate positive and negative aspects of architectonical design. Analysis of the features of architectonical design for touristic needs and verification of suitability with design for space habitat.Space tourism environment must offer a high degree of comfort and suggest correct behavior of the tourists. This is intended for the single person as well as for the group. Two main aspects of architectural planning will be needed: the design of the private sphere and the design of the public sphere.To define the appearance of environment there should be paid attention to some main elements like the materiality of surfaces used; the main shapes of areas and the degree of flexibility and adaptability of the environment to specific needs.     

飞行过载下燃烧室凝相粒子沉积特征数值研究

固体发动机燃烧室部分凝相粒子在飞行过载作用下产生沉积,严重影响发动机工作性能。通过确定燃烧室粒子参数和建立燃烧室内两相流场数值方法,获得了发动机不同轴向过载下粒子运动及沉积规律。与试验数据进行对比分析,验证了计算方法的准确性。数值结果表明,随着轴向过载增大,后封头及喷管潜入段粒子沉积质量逐渐增大。沉积粒子粒径大于凝相粒子平均值,即粒子粒径越大,越容易沉积。轴向过载增大,减小了粒子在发动机内部的驻留时间,凝相粒子平均驻留时间均大于0.13 s。