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吉林陨石(H5)的冲击压缩线及其意义 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
在二级轻气炮动高压装置上运用电探针技术测量了具有H群球粒陨石典型代表性的吉林陨石冲击压缩线。当冲击压力>~70GPa时,吉林陨石发生相变,其高压相零压密度为4.425g/cm~3,硅酸盐部分高压相零压密度为4.068g/cm~3。吉林陨石冲击压缩性质的研究结果与地球形成的星子堆积模型(IAB铁陨石+H群球粒陨石)一致。此外,根据陨石或其类似物的冲击压缩线,用阻抗匹配原理计算了主要类型陨石中重要冲击特征形成的最小碰撞速度,揭示了陨石冲击效应形成的动力学条件与空间环境。 相似文献
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机电产品在使用过程中,存在磨损退化失效和环境引起的冲击失效。通常认为自身退化与冲击失效是相互独立的或存在冲击造成自身退化突增的局部关联现象。本文考虑冲击会影响退化过程,同时退化也会影响冲击,当自身退化量达到一定值后不仅会影响冲击失效的失效率,还会使产品冲击失效阈值降低,造成产品的抗冲击能力下降,使产品的冲击失效过程呈现两阶段现象,在自身退化与冲击失效相互关联相互竞争的情况下,建立了失效率与失效阈值改变的可靠性模型,解决了传统竞争退化建模考虑因素不完整的问题。 相似文献
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冲击温度的理论计算及分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
当空间飞行器受到碎片的碰撞时,其壳体中会产生冲击加热。文章概述了计算冲击温度的三种基本方法;计算了铁的冲击加热温度,并与实验测量值作了比较。结果表明,利用三项式物态方程计算的冲击温度与测量值符合得比较好。另外,还对影响冲击温度计算值的若干因素进行了分析 相似文献
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J.T. Rudd D.M. Oliveira A. Bhaskar A.J. Halford 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2019,63(1):317-326
In this paper, we investigate temporal and spatial magnetosphere response to the impact of interplanetary (IP) shocks with different inclinations and speeds on the Earth’s magnetosphere. A data set with more than 500 IP shocks is used to identify positive sudden impulse (SI+) events as expressed by the SuperMAG partial ring current index. The SI+ rise time (RT), defined as the time interval between compression onset and maximum SI+ signature, is obtained for each event. We use RT and a model suggested by Takeuchi et al. (2002) to calculate the geoeffective magnetospheric distance (GMD) in the shock propagation direction as a function of shock impact angle and speed for each event. GMD is a generalization of the geoeffective magnetosphere length (GML) suggested by Takeuchi et al. (2002), defined from the subsolar point along the X line toward the tail. We estimate statistical GMD and GML values which are then reported for the first time. We also show that, similarly to well-known results for RT, the highest correlation coefficient for the GMD and impact angle is found for shocks with high speeds and small impact angles, and the faster and more frontal the shock, the smaller the GMD. This result indicates that the magnetospheric response depends heavily on shock impact angle. With these results, we argue that the prediction and forecasting of space weather events, such as those caused by coronal mass ejections, will not be accurately accomplished if the disturbances’ angles of impact are not considered as an important parameter within model and observation scheme capabilities. 相似文献
采用脉冲能量20 J的调Q掺钕玻璃激光对钛合金TA15进行不同次数的激光冲击强化.结果表明,激光冲击强化使材料表面产生微塑性变形,形成致密的微凹坑,导致晶粒细化,并且随冲击次数的增加,其微凹坑的深度增加;但当冲击次数超过2次后,深度便不再增加.所以试验中的最高冲击次数为2次,而且在冲击次数为2次以内,材料位错密度也随冲击次数的增加而增加,并发生塞积、增殖、缠结等现象.表征在硬度方面,由于上述微观组织的变化,材料的硬度提高.随着冲击次数增加,材料的硬度增加并且激光冲击强化的影响层深度也随之增加. 相似文献
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2004 年11月9日WIND飞船探测到一个典型的行星际激波. 激波前行星际磁场为持续约50 min的弱南向磁场, 越过激波面, 磁场发生北向偏转且太阳风动压脉冲增强. 在此强动压脉冲增强结构作用下, 磁层被压缩至一个很小的区域. 激波作用于磁层时引起地球同步轨道 各区域高能粒子通量的响应, 但是不同磁地方时的高能粒子通量的响应不同, 表现出双模式扰动, 即在晨昏两侧各能段的电子和质子通量显著增强, 在子夜侧发生类似于亚暴的无色散粒子注入现象. 扰动从向阳面传输到背阳面, 向阳面粒子通量最先增强, 随后背阳面靠近晨昏两侧, 粒子通量开始增强, 最后子夜侧粒子通量表现出无色散高能粒子注入的特点. 另外, 在靠近正午侧, 质子通量先于电子通量发生响应, 在子夜侧电子通量则先于质子通量发生响应. 利用位于向阳面正午两侧的GOES-10 和 GOES-12卫星观测数据发现, 激波作用于磁层时靠近晨侧的磁场变化表现出简单压缩效应, 而靠近昏侧的磁场变化则显然不同, Bx分量减弱, Bz分量几乎减为零, 而By分量则显著增强. 此外, 位于近地磁尾低纬尾瓣区的TC-1卫星观测到激波触发的尾瓣SI现象. 相似文献
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《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1999,23(11):1879-1886
The MGS MAG/ER investigation provides vector measurements of the magnetic field and the ionospheric electron density near periapsis. The instrumentation consists of twin triaxial fluxgate magnetometers and a “top hat” electrostatic analyzer of electrons in the energy range of 1 eV to 20 keV. Results include extensive mapping of the detached bow shock wave in the solar wind, the nature and structure of the ionopause and magnetic pile-up boundaries. The most surprising result is the discovery of localized magnetic fields of planetary origin, presumably due to remanent crustal magnetization. Maximum fields measured while below the ionosphere exceed 300 nT. We present an initial study of one of these very localized fields and extrapolations to the Martian surface in the Acidalia planitia. 相似文献
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计算激波与物质界面相互作用问题的关键是精确捕获运动物质界面.采用level set捕获物质界面,用改进虚拟流(modified ghost fluid method)方法定义虚拟流节点参数,从而将多介质流问题分解成多个单一介质流问题求解.应用该方法对激波与物质界面相互作用系列问题进行了数值模拟,并给出了物质界面的演化过程.计算结果发现激波强度、物质界面对涡的形式有很大影响,界面两边的密度比决定了界面是否反转. 相似文献
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M. Verigin D. Vignes D. Crider J. Slavin M. Acua G. Kotova A. Remizov 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2004,33(12):2222-2227
The origin of the anisotropy in the shape of the Martian obstacle and bow shock is analyzed using Mars Global Surveyor observations. The influence of MHD or ion pick-up effects on Martian obstacle position was to be small found, however, localized Martian crustal magnetization increases the thickness of the downstream planetary magnetotail by 500–1000 km in agreement with earlier Phobos 2 observations. A new analytical model is presented for Martian obstacle shape variation for different solar wind ram pressure. Elongation of the Martian BS cross-section in the direction perpendicular to IMF was confirmed while the shift of this cross section in the +Y direction of Martian interplanetary medium reference frame was discovered. The shift of BS cross section in the direction of interplanetary electric field was not revealed thus not conforming the idea that mass-loading play some role in BS control. 相似文献
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研究火箭空中爆炸冲击波参数预测方法对于乘员舱的安全评估具有重要意义。为了探究火箭空中爆炸时飞行高度对峰值超压的影响,获取冲击波参数快速预测方法,利用ANSYS/LS-DYNA有限元软件对火箭飞行至0~20 km高度爆炸进行了有限元仿真分析。结果表明,作用于乘员舱的冲击波峰值超压随飞行高度的增加而快速减小。火箭空中爆炸冲击波压强衰减系数与飞行高度之间的关系服从二次函数衰减。在此基础上,提出了考虑高度效应的火箭空中爆炸冲击波峰值超压预测公式,可为乘员舱的快速危害性评估以及防护研究提供一定参考。 相似文献
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T. Hopf S. KumarW.J. Karl W.T. Pike 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2010
It is often necessary for space-borne instrumentation to cope with substantial levels of shock acceleration both in the initial launch phase, as well as during entry, descent and landing in the case of planetary exploration. Current plans for a new generation of penetrator-based space missions will subject the associated on-board instrumentation to far greater levels of shock, and ways must therefore be found to either ruggedize or else protect any sensitive components during the impact phase. In this paper, we present an innovative method of shock protection that is suited for use in a number of planetary environments, based upon the temporary encapsulation of said components within a waxy solid which may then be sublimated to return the instrument back to its normal operation. We have tested this method experimentally using micromachined silicon suspensions under applied shock loads of up to 15,000g, and found that these were able to survive without incurring damage. Furthermore, quality factor measurements undertaken on these suspensions indicate that their mechanical performance remains unaffected by the encapsulation and subsequent sublimation process. 相似文献
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激光冲击强化是利用高功率密度(GW/cm2)、短脉冲(ns量级)激光束辐射金属时产生高强度冲击波在金属材料或零件表层形成数百兆帕的残余应力,从而改善金属材料性能的一项新技术.利用Nd:glass重复率激光和机械喷丸分别对Ti6Al4V钛合金电子束焊缝进行了冲击强化处理,研究了激光冲击处理和激光冲击+机械喷丸两种不同处理工艺对电子束焊缝残余应力的影响.试验结果表明,两种处理方式都明显改善Ti6Al4V钛合金电子束焊缝的残余压应力,尤其激光冲击+机械喷丸工艺表面残余应力改变明显, 而且在次表面层残余应力随着深度的增加而增大, 最大残余应力出现在距表面20~30μm左右. 相似文献
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利用布里奇曼法进行GaMnSb磁性半导体生长,并对其结构、磁学及电学特性进行研究.在高Mn区域发现了室温铁磁性,而在低Mn区域只探测到抗磁信号.电学测量表明,两个区域的空穴浓度基本相当,说明观察到的磁学性能差异与载流子浓度无关.X射线能谱测试显示,高Mn区域的Mn组分分布不均匀,低Mn区域的Mn组分分布则相对更为均匀.此外,高Mn区域的饱和磁化强度仅为每Mn原子0.013μB,与理论值相差约两个数量级.X射线衍射谱的结果说明,高Mn区域有出现MnSb第二相的迹象.以上结果证实所观察到的室温铁磁性并不是GaMnSb的内禀特性. 相似文献
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气动弹爆破过程性能仿真分析 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
针对工业界对于安全有效的管道清洁装置的需求,设计了一种利用气动爆破的原理进行管道除垢的设备.该装置采用气动控制,利用压缩空气的瞬时释放产生的射流与冲击波的能量击碎管道内壁的附着物,实现管道除垢.通过分析装置工作的原理及运行过程,给出了重要参数的建模过程.通过仿真分析了气爆过程中压强、剪切力的分布特点以及传播过程,计算了其管道内气流速度场的分布变化,得出了气动弹爆破过程中对壁面产生的冲击主要来源于射流以及冲击波,并且在使用10MPa的工作压强下一次爆破可清理的管道范围超过160m.该设计可以高效的实现管道清污的作用. 相似文献