我国农村劳动力流动的政策选择探究

随着我国经济的快速增长,劳动力流动问题近些年来成为学术界探讨的热点.制定正确的劳动力流动政策能够促进我国城乡差距的缩小并保证国民经济持续稳定的增长,为构建和谐社会打下坚实的基础.参考美国经济学家达托罗的理论并结合我国农村劳动力流动实践,提出打破束缚劳动力流动的制度性枷锁、建立统一有序的劳动力市场、加快中小城市建设、加强对中小企业的扶持、提升农村劳动力的人力资本水平、加强农业和农村建设等具有针对性的并且适合于我国劳动力流动的政策.     

农村劳动力培训市场化运行机制初探

经济的快速发展需要高素质的劳动者,我国农村劳动力素质低且数量大造成了农村劳动力市场供给和需求的不衔接.造成这一矛盾的原因之一就是农村劳动力培训市场不能适应市场经济发展的需要.创新培训机制,建立符合市场发展要求的劳动力培训模式是解决这一问题的关键.     

城市迁移劳动力与本地劳动力社会保障问题的实证研究——以郑州市为例

目前城市迁移劳动力已成为中国劳动者中最重要的组成部分之一,逐步解决城市迁移劳动力的社会保障问题,将是实现中国社会保障体系由城乡分割的二元保障结构过渡到城乡一体的一元保障结构的重要步骤.文章对中部农业大省河南省省会郑州市城市迁移劳动力与本地劳动力的社会保障状况进行了对比分析,提出了社会保障模式在制度设计和改革过程中,要注意选择保障方式的优先顺序,改革现行的户籍制度和劳动用工制度,建立城乡统一的劳动力市场等改善城市迁移劳动力社会保障状况的相应措施.     

加强政策支持体系建设促进中部劳动力转移

在我国劳动力市场供求形势发生变化的新时期,进一步促进农村劳动力转移,中部地区既要靠继续加快工业化、城市化进程,为农村富余劳动力转移提供更多的就业岗位,更要依赖国家宏观政策的调整与经济社会管理体制的改革,建立和完善全国统一的劳动力市场体系和相应的政策支持体系。具体包括：（1）把统筹城乡就业放到经济发展战略的核心位置,促进中部农村劳动力转移;（2）创新就业制度,建立城乡统一就业、规范有序的劳动力市场;（3）深化户籍制度和土地制度改革,为农村劳动力转移就业创造良好的制度环境;（4）推行农村四项保障制度,使农村社保制度与城市社保制度逐步对接;（5）加强农村教育和培训工作,提高农村劳动力素质;（6）积极培育农村新型社会化服务组织,促进农村服务业的发展。     

劳动力市场建设刍议

章在分析我国目前劳动力市场现状的基础上，提出劳动力市场建设的近期目标，以及实现这一目标的基本工作和具体措施。     

劳动管理市场化是建立现代企业制度的必然要求

劳动力资源的市场配置引起劳动、工资、社会保障等一系列劳动管理工作实质性变改。本文指出了劳动管理市场化的突破口，是把劳动力推向市场，实现劳动资源的市场配置，并对劳动管理市场化的进程以及难点进行了讨论。     

长期雇佣关系对人力资本形成的激励效应

企业作为物质资本和人力资本的契约联结，长期雇佣关系是人力资本形成与优化的重要激励方式。这种激励来自于促进人力资本的形成、干中学与制度的外溢效应三个方面。发挥内部劳动力市场的激励功能应着眼于雇佣关系、合作机制选择以及制度与文化建设等方面。     

农民工就业问题及对策建议

党和国家近年来十分关注农民工问题，通过对河南省农民工基本状况的调查，较全面系统地分析了目前农民工表现出的主要特点及存在问题，并从维护权益、促进就业、强化培训、深化城市管理与户籍改革、关注新生代农民工精神文化生活等方面提出了解决农民工问题的对策措施。     

雇佣劳动本质探讨

劳动力商品关系下的劳动，并不一定就是雇佣劳动。劳动力商品的特点使由它形成的劳动过程具有自身的特定内容，劳动力使用权分离为支配使用权和直接使用权。如果劳动力所有者的劳动力直接使用权的收益权被剥夺，不能参与利润的分配，利润全部被雇主获得，劳动者完全是在为雇主劳动，这样的劳动就是雇佣劳动。如果劳动力所有者的劳动力直接使用权的收益权得到实现，参与了利润的分配，他既为雇主劳动也为自己劳动，这样的劳动就不是雇佣劳动，而是合作互利劳动。雇佣劳动的本质就是劳动力直接使用权的收益权不能实现，劳动者不能参与利润分配，完全是为雇主的利益进行劳动。让劳动力直接使用权参与利润分配实现其收益权，就是变雇佣劳动为合作互利劳动。     

农民工权益保障的公共经济学分析

近年来,有关农民工权益保障的问题再次引起了学者的激烈争论,特别是2008年金融危机以来,各地出现了不同程度的民工荒,农民工再次进入学界视野.大家普遍认为,农民工权益保障缺失严重阻碍了中国经济社会的发展.从公共产品的需求与供给的角度探讨了我国农民工权益保障的制度障碍,分析了政府公共服务对农民工权益保障可能带来的公共产品供给的规模效应,并对保障农民工权益如何促进城市化进程进行了探索.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.