基于H∞模型匹配的应急飞行控制研究

研究发当飞机常规操纵舵面失效时，通过飞机发动机推力大小来操纵飞机的飞行问题，采用H∞模型匹配的方法，设计动态补偿器，使只调节发动机推力的飞机所表现的特性与在常规舵面操纵下的飞机所表现的特性相近似,从而使飞行员能在操纵舵面失效的情况下，按常规操纵的方法通过控制飞机发动机推力来操纵飞机，实现应急控制，仿真验证了这种方法的有效性。     

吸气式重复使用运载器弹道仿真研究

在对国内外吸气式可重复运载器的发展现状进行了分析后,建立了吸气式重复使用运载器动力学模型、地球模型以及大气模型等数学模型;建立了空天飞行器的弹道仿真系统。并以某吸气式重复使用运载器为研究对象,利用MATLAB编写程序,进行了飞行弹道的模拟仿真。仿真试验表明,计算方法及相应的仿真系统是合理可行的,可应用于吸气式重复使用运载器可行性的评价。     

小型固体运载火箭六自由度弹道仿真

针对控制系统采用侧喷流发动机和栅格舵的新型小型多级固体运载火箭开展六自由度弹道仿真研究。给出侧喷流发动机安装模型和推力模型以及开关机控制规律,阐明气动力和气动力矩计算方法;并建立了固体发动机推力模型,以及完整的六自由度弹道动力学和运动学模型。仿真结果表明:建立的六自由度弹道仿真模型能正确反映运载火箭飞行特性;研究的固体运载火箭满足将300kg有效载荷送入200km太阳同步轨道的运载能力要求;姿态控制系统满足运载火箭姿态控制精度要求;侧喷流推进剂质量分配合理,为总体方案论证和初步设计提供了理论依据。     

On the competition between Airbus and Boeing

The recent launch of the A380 is the culmination of the competition with Boeing, as Airbus completes its family of aircraft, in all classes from 100 seats up. This is a good occasion to review the preceding stages of the competition, up to the current A380, before presenting some short conclusions. It will be apparent in this exposition that Airbus has increased its market share at each stage because it has outperformed Boeing in incorporating technology advances in superior designs.     

Impact of mission requirements and constraints on conceptual launch vehicle design

The objective of this paper is to analyse the impact of mission requirements and constraints on both the optimum vehicle design and the effects on flight path selection for two types of reusable two-stage-to-orbit launch vehicles. The first vehicle type considered provides horizontal take-off and landing capabilities and is intended to be propelled by an airbreathing propulsion system during stage 1 flight. The second vehicle type assumes a vertical launch and is accelerated by a rocket propulsion system during the booster stage ascent flight. The analysis employs a design tool for simultaneous system and mission optimization. It consists of a CAD-based preliminary vehicle design tool, aerodynamic and aerothermodynamic calculation software, flight simulation programs, and a two-level decomposition optimization algorithm enabling simultaneous system and flight optimization. The results to be presented show that the cruise flight requirement for an European launched mission of the airbreathing vehicle results in a loss of 60 % payload mass as compared to a mere accelerated ascent for a near equatorial mission into the same target orbit assuming constant take-off mass. The strong dependencies of mission requirements on both the optimal vehicle design and the ascent performance are determined for the rocket-powered vehicle type by varying the inclination and altitude of the target orbit.     

大型民用飞机电传飞控系统验证技术研究

随着国内民用飞机项目研制和型号不断发展,飞控系统采用了先进的高安全、高可靠的全时全权限电传技术,以提高系统综合性能,但同时也增加了电传飞控系统研发与验证的复杂度和风险。以世界上最成功的商业飞机之一——波音777飞机的飞控系统为研究对象,结合国内民机发展情况,进行深入分析和总结,提出了民用飞机飞控系统研发和验证过程模型,为国内民用飞机电传飞控系统的研发和验证提供有益的经验参考。     

Active fault-tolerant control strategy of large civil aircraft under elevator failures

Aircraft longitudinal control is the most important actuation system and its failures would lead to catastrophic accident of aircraft. This paper proposes an active fault-tolerant control(AFTC) strategy for civil aircraft with different numbers of faulty elevators. In order to improve the fault-tolerant flight control system performance and effective utilization of the control surface, trimmable horizontal stabilizer(THS) is considered to generate the extra pitch moment. A suitable switching mechanism with performance improvement coefficient is proposed to determine when it is worthwhile to utilize THS. Furthermore, AFTC strategy is detailed by using model following technique and the proposed THS switching mechanism. The basic fault-tolerant controller is designed to guarantee longitudinal control system stability and acceptable performance degradation under partial elevators failure. The proposed AFTC is applied to Boeing 747-200 numerical model and simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed AFTC approach.     

确定运输类飞机抖振边界的试飞方法

本文简要介绍了抖振的概念,对抖振边界进行了扼要理论分析,并以Boeing767-200飞机为例,介绍了波音公司确定抖振边界的试飞方法及其选择的试验状态。     

运载火箭动力冗余技术

概述了前苏联N-1火箭,美国土星系列,航天飞机以及法尔肯9运载火箭动力冗余应用情况,重点介绍了N-1火箭四次发射失利以及最终的事故原因,从现役运载火箭可靠性评估结果、运载火箭飞行故障统计结果和运载火箭动力冗余和非冗余可靠性的关系三个方面论证了动力冗余的必要性;提出了变推力方式和发动机贮备方式两种动力冗余方式,并分析了它们对运载火箭整体性能以及各系统的影响,最后梳理出实现动力冗余需要重点解决的关键技术。     

Lunar habitat concept employing the space shuttle external tank

The space shuttle external tank, which consists of a liquid oxygen tank, an intertank structure, and a liquid hydrogen tank, is an expendable structure used for approximately 8.5 min during each launch. A concept for outfitting the liquid oxygen tank-intertank unit for a 12-person lunar habitat is described. The concept utilizes existing structures and openings for both man and equipment access without compromising the structural integrity of the tank. Living quarters, instrumentation, environmental control and life support, thermal control, and propulsion systems are installed at Space Station Freedom. The unmanned habitat is then transported to low lunar orbit and autonomously soft landed on the lunar surface. Design studies indicate that this concept is feasible by the year 2000 with concurrent development of a space transfer vehicle and manned cargo lander for crew changeover and resupply.     

Dynamic attack zone of air-to-air missile after being launched in random wind field

A new concept is presented for air-to-air missile which is dynamic attack zone after being launched in random wind field. This new concept can be used to obtain the 4-dimensional(4-D)information regarding the dynamic envelope of an air-to-air missile at any flight time aimed at different flight targets considering influences of random wind, in the situation of flight fighters cooperated with missiles fighting against each other. Based on an air-to-air missile model, some typical cases of dynamic attack zone after being launched in random wind field were numerically simulated.Compared with the simulation results of traditional dynamic envelope, the properties of dynamic attack zone after being launched are as follows. The 4-D dynamic attack zone after being launched is inside traditional maximum dynamic envelope, but its forane boundary is usually not inside traditional no-escape dynamic envelope; Traditional dynamic attack zone can just be reliably used at launch time, while dynamic envelope after being launched can be reliably and accurately used during any flight antagonism time. Traditional envelope is a special case of dynamic envelope after being launched when the dynamic envelope is calculated at the launch time; the dynamic envelope after being launched can be influenced by the random wind field.     

Analysis of the Boeing 747-100 using CEASIOM

One of the requirements for the SimSAC project was to use existing aircraft to act as benchmarks for comparison with CEASIOM generated models. Within this paper, results are given for one of these examples, the Boeing 747-100. This aircraft was selected because a complete dataset exists in the open domain, which can be used to validate SimSAC generated data. The purpose of this paper is to both give confidence in, and to demonstrate the capabilities of, the CEASIOM environment when used for preliminary aircraft and control system design. CEASIOM is the result of the integration of a set of sophisticated tools by the European Union funded, Framework 6 SimSAC program. The first part of this paper presents a comparison of the aerodynamic results for each of the solvers available within CEASIOM together with data from the 747-100 model published by NASA. The resulting nonlinear model is then trimmed and analysed using the Flight Control System Designer Toolkit (FCSDT) module. In the final section of the paper a state-feedback controller is designed within CEASIOM in order to modify the longitudinal dynamics of the aircraft. The open and closed loop models are subsequently evaluated with selected failed aerodynamic surfaces and for the case of a single failed engine. Through these results, the CEASIOM software suite is shown to be able to generate excellent quality adaptive-fidelity aerodynamic data. This data is contained within a full nonlinear aircraft model to which linear analysis and control system design can be easily applied.     

200m自由飞弹道靶升级改造

200m自由飞弹道靶是国内唯一一座具备开展气动力、气动物理、材料抗粒子云侵蚀及超高速碰撞等地面试验研究的综合性弹道靶设备。为满足高超声速飞行器发展的进一步需求,2009年起气动中心对200m 自由飞弹道靶进行了升级改造,升级设备包括发射器系统、靶室/真空系统、测控系统、模型姿态测量系统等。改造后的发射器系统将新增203mm和120mm口径二级轻气炮,具备0．5～30kg模型发射速度0．3～5km/s 的发射能力;靶室由原来的Ф1．5m洞体升级至Ф3m洞体,同时配备新的真空设备,实现0～80km高度模拟;测控系统将扩大测试视场以满足大模型测控需要;模型姿态测量系统除阴/纹影照相系统外,还将新增双目前光成像定位系统、脉冲X射线成像测量系统等测试设备。改造后的200m自由飞弹道靶将成为大中小口径发射器配套齐全,兼具气动力特性、材料抗粒子云侵蚀、高速/超高速碰撞等试验能力的综合性弹道靶设备。     

中国拟建航空卫星移动通信地面地球站（GES）的技术方案

中国民航正在计划实施航空卫星移动业务通信。ＡＭＳＳ系统有三个主要组成部分：空间段，地面地球站和机载地球站。中国国际航空公司已居其两架波音７４７型飞机上装有ＡＥＳ。不久将有更多飞国际航线的飞机安装ＡＥＳ。     

民用飞机轮速传感器综述

民用飞机轮速传感器是飞机刹车系统的关键设备,用于刹车系统的防滑控制,防止刹车过程中机轮深度打滑和锁死.简要介绍了国外飞机轮速传感器随防滑刹车系统的发展历史,从工作原理和结构形式等方面阐述了变磁阻式、直流式、霍尔式和光电式四种类型的轮速传感器.目前主流民用飞机(包括A320、A330和波音737、波音747、波音777等...     

波音777飞机高升力控制系统余度管理分析

飞行控制系统普遍采用余度技术来提高自身的任务可靠性。余度部件效能的发挥程度主要取决于余度管理策略和方法。根据波音777飞机高升力控制系统的基本构架,通过在线监控与信号表决相结合的方法对系统余度管理方法进行研究。在余度管理方法的设计过程中,充分考虑了布线技术、硬件设计技术及与软件相结合的方法,不但简化了襟缝翼控制器的硬件设计,同时也简化了控制器软件的设计难度,提高了系统可靠性,所用到的方法对同类系统设计有一定的参考价值。     

民用飞机多舱油箱内惰性气体分布的研究

针对某种通风方式,对1／6比例的波音747中心翼油箱内的气流分布进行了可视化实验,得到了该油箱内气流分布的详细信息。建立三维数值模型,对不同Re数下的多舱气流分布进行了计算,经与实验结果对比显示二者吻合较好。通过数值模拟得到了各舱的流量分配系数,采用微元段的计算方法得到了各舱氧浓度的分布。对3种不同通风方式下的惰化效果进行了对比研究,提出“最不利舱氧浓度”的概念,认为对多舱油箱进行惰化系统的设计时,这一因素不容忽略。该研究可为多舱油箱惰化工程设计提供相应的支持,为通风系统的优化提供理论依据。     

波音747—400发电机调压器功能分析

本文分析了波音747-400型飞机发电机调压器的基本功能和工作原理,并对一些电路进行了实验研究,给出了部分实验结果。     

适合航天飞机应用的星体跟踪器

本文推导了航天飞机采用新型探测器件——电荷耦合器件CCD（ChargeCoupled DeVices）组成的星体跟踪器进行姿态稳定的公式。并提供一种适合航天飞机应用的星体跟踪器原理样机。