LiXAlF6:xCe3+(X=Ca,Sr,Ba)的发光研究

光激励发光材料一直是人们竞争研究的对象。为在较短的时间内在发光中心存储更多的电子，要寻找一种荧光材料作为光激励发光材料的增感材料，使光激励发光材料敏化，从而提高光激励发光强度，这是提高激发光源利用率的最佳途径。通过对用紫外光源作激发源的光激励发光材料发光机理的研究，确定在紫外波段靠近短波方向的光可能使这种光激励发光材料敏化。Ce^3＋在氟化物体系中的发射通常位于紫外波段，对Ce^3＋掺杂浓度为x的LiXAlF6：xCe^3＋（X=Ca，Sr，Ba，x=0．002～0．012mol）一系列荧光材料作了研究，研究其发光是否在紫外波段，哪种基质更适合需要。采用高温固相法制备，研究该3种化合物的发射光谱及发射光谱随Ce^3＋掺杂浓度的变化。结果找到了最有可能作为用紫外光源作激发源的光激励发光材料的最佳Ce^3＋掺杂浓度的基质LiBaAlF6：xCe^3＋（x=0．010mol）。     

掺Ce^3＋的碱土氟化物的紫外发光特性研究

研究了掺杂稀土离子Ce^3＋的碱土氟化物发光体LiXAlF6：Ce^3＋（X=Ca^2＋,Sr^2＋或Ba^2＋）,XBaAlF6：Ce^3＋（X=Li6＋,Na^＋或K^＋）及LiBaXF6：Ce^3＋（X=Al^3＋,Ga^3＋或In^3＋）的紫外发光特性。实验发现,在LiXAlF6=Ce^3＋中,随着X元素原子序数的增大,Ce^3＋的发光峰就向短波方向移动。首次研究了在XBaAlF6：Ce^3＋与LiBaXF6：Ce^3＋中的X元素的一价与三价离子对Ce^3＋发光的影响,发现这些一价与三价离子的原子序数的变化并不影响Ce^3＋的发射光谱的峰值,它们只在晶格中起着填隙和电荷补偿作用,这有利于Ce^3＋的发光,使发光强度有所增强。这些紫外发光可用来增强X射线影像板中所包含的储存辐射的发光体BaFBr：Eu“的发光,使X射线影像板的显像增强。     

热障涂层在线/离线磷光温度测量技术研究进展

精确测量涡轮叶片表面热障涂层温度对航空发动机和地面燃气轮机设计和研制具有极其重要的意义。近年来,基于热像磷光材料磷光特性的热障传感涂层在线测温技术与热历史磷光涂层离线测温技术得到了迅猛发展。前者通过在线测量高温下磷光信号来获取实时温度信息,后者通过离线测量经高温服役后的磷光材料不可逆磷光信号变化来获取服役温度信息。这两项技术都适用于高温、高腐蚀环境下热障涂层非干涉、非接触式和高精度温度测量,具有广阔的应用前景。从热障涂层在线/离线测温原理与方法、磷光材料与制备及应用3个方面详细介绍了热障涂层在线/离线测温技术的研究现状与技术特点,并对这两种技术的发展进行了展望。     

磷光热图测热技术研究

磷光热图测热技术基于磷光材料的温度敏感特性,是应用于风洞热环境测量的新型全场热流测量方法,近年来在欧美等国得到了高速发展。在中国航天空气动力技术研究院搭建了一套磷光热图系统,采用20°压缩拐角模型开展了重复性试验及铂薄膜电阻温度计对比和纹影验证试验。试验结果表明：热流测量特征区域结果与纹影照片符合良好;技术自身重复性误差小于5%;平板热流与理论值误差小于10%;与铂薄膜电阻温度计的对比误差小于20%,此误差主要由铂薄膜电阻温度计的测量散布度引起。该技术通过单次试验获得模型全场热环境数据,且能够捕获热流峰值区域,是一种全面高效的热环境测量手段。     

Prediction of Adaptive Array Performance

A direct relationship between the conventional properties of an array and the array performance in an adaptive mode is given. Expressions are provided to obtain the output signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) of an adaptive array in terms of its conventinal pattern and the locations of the desired signal and jammers. These expressions permit one to evaluate the performance of an adaptive array without an exhaustive search for all possible scenarios and parametric values to ascertain that the required performance levels be met. In fact, one can predict the jammer locations for which the array will provide its best and worst performance by observing the conventional pattern. Several examples are provided to demonstrate the relationship between the conventional pattern and the adaptive array performance. The examples include both linear and planar arrays.     

中冷回热航空涡扇发动机热力循环初步分析

中冷回热航空发动机是在常规发动机循环基础上加入了中冷和回热两个环节,有效利用了发动机排放的热量,提高了热效率,降低了耗油率,是新概念节能环保发动机.利用MATLAB平台,建立了基于部件特性的三轴分排涡扇中冷回热发动机总体性能仿真模型.利用该模型对分排涡扇中冷回热发动机进行性能仿真计算和热力循环分析.计算结果表明:在相同的循环参数和单位推力水平下中冷回热航空涡扇发动机比常规循环涡扇发动机具有更低的耗油率.      

三维夹层结构复合材料的制备及性能

采用酚醛树脂、氰酸酯树脂分别与三维中空芯层结构材料进行复合,制备不同树脂基三维中空芯层结构复合材料,对不同基体复合材料的力学及介电性能进行研究。结果表明,三维中空芯层结构与树脂复合工艺性良好,压缩强度达到5.0和3.5 MPa,与传统的蜂窝、泡沫材料相比,复合材料的力学性能得到较大幅度提高;介电常数为1.5和1.6,且在不同频率下显示优异的稳定性。     

新型自催化氰基树脂的制备及其初步热性能

合成了两种分子主链结构上含有氨基和酰亚胺结构的自催化氰基单体,采用~1H-NMR对单体结构进行了表征,运用DSC对其固化行为进行研究,并与其他可自催化氰基单体进行对比,运用FFIR和TGA对固化物的结构和热稳定性进行了初步表征.DSC测试结果表明,含酰亚胺结构的自催化氰基单体熔融后,250～300℃给出明显的固化放热峰.FTIR验证了氰基固化形成的结构.TGA测试表明其具有较好的热性能,空气和N_2中的T_d~5 均高于510℃,且N_2中残重高于60%.     

The Far Ultra-Violet Imager on the Icon Mission

ICON Far UltraViolet (FUV) imager contributes to the ICON science objectives by providing remote sensing measurements of the daytime and nighttime atmosphere/ionosphere. During sunlit atmospheric conditions, ICON FUV images the limb altitude profile in the shortwave (SW) band at 135.6 nm and the longwave (LW) band at 157 nm perpendicular to the satellite motion to retrieve the atmospheric O/N₂ ratio. In conditions of atmospheric darkness, ICON FUV measures the 135.6 nm recombination emission of \(\mathrm{O}^{+}\) ions used to compute the nighttime ionospheric altitude distribution. ICON Far UltraViolet (FUV) imager is a Czerny–Turner design Spectrographic Imager with two exit slits and corresponding back imager cameras that produce two independent images in separate wavelength bands on two detectors. All observations will be processed as limb altitude profiles. In addition, the ionospheric 135.6 nm data will be processed as longitude and latitude spatial maps to obtain images of ion distributions around regions of equatorial spread F. The ICON FUV optic axis is pointed 20 degrees below local horizontal and has a steering mirror that allows the field of view to be steered up to 30 degrees forward and aft, to keep the local magnetic meridian in the field of view. The detectors are micro channel plate (MCP) intensified FUV tubes with the phosphor fiber-optically coupled to Charge Coupled Devices (CCDs). The dual stack MCP-s amplify the photoelectron signals to overcome the CCD noise and the rapidly scanned frames are co-added to digitally create 12-second integrated images. Digital on-board signal processing is used to compensate for geometric distortion and satellite motion and to achieve data compression. The instrument was originally aligned in visible light by using a special grating and visible cameras. Final alignment, functional and environmental testing and calibration were performed in a large vacuum chamber with a UV source. The test and calibration program showed that ICON FUV meets its design requirements and is ready to be launched on the ICON spacecraft.     

基于全航段QAR数据和卷积神经网络的航空发动机状态辨识

为了充分挖掘全航段飞行数据中蕴含的丰富信息以提高发动机状态辨识的准确率,提出一种基于全航段快速存取记录器（QAR）数据和卷积神经网络的发动机状态辨识方法。该方法将每次飞行循环的全航段QAR数据变换为一个红绿蓝（RGB）多通道样本实现全航段数据图像化处理,根据发动机维修记录中的水洗时间,将发动机划分为不同的衰退状态,采用卷积神经网络对不同衰退状态进行分类和辨识。该方法经某航空公司飞机QAR数据验证,结果表明：基于全航段QAR数据的衰退状态辨识算法的精确度相比于仅使用巡航段数据的精确度提升超过13%,辨识准确率达到98%。     

环氧树脂耐电子辐照性能

研究了电子辐照对几种4,4’-二氨基二苯甲烷固化的环氧树脂造成的破坏效应.结果表明:在1.4 MeV电子辐照时,环氧树脂会变色、失重、开裂,同时力学性能下降.实验结果表明:双酚A二缩水甘油醚(DGEBA),N,N,N’,N’-四缩水甘油基-4,4’-二氨基二苯甲烷(TGDDM),对氨基苯酚三缩水甘油环氧树脂(TGPAP),DGEBA/TGDDM和DGEBA/TGPAP共混物均能承受106 Gy的吸收剂量.而DGEBA/TGPAP共混物,能承受107 Gy的吸收剂量.环氧树脂抗辐照性能的次序为DGEBA/TGPAP＞ DGEBA/TGDDM ＞TGPAP≈TGDDM＞DGEBA.环氧树脂经电子辐照后压缩模量增加,表明在辐照效应中交联机理占主导,DMA和DSC分析也证实了这一点.     

BN改性碳基复合材料氧化行为的研究

对采用热压一次成型方法制备的C／BN复合材料、热压成型的C／BN复合材料用热固性配醛对脂浸渍后的材料和用硼酸浸渍过的普通石墨材料等三种材料作了不同温度、不同时间的氧化实验，考察了他们的抗氧化能力。结果表明热压成型的C／BN复合材料作坯体，经热固性酚醛树脂浸渍、碳化后的材料具有良好的抗氧化性能。     

含醚结构双苯并环丁烯树脂的合成与性能

以4-溴苯并环丁烯为封端剂,在氯化亚铜催化下,与双酚A和双酚N发生亲核取代反应,合成了两种双苯并环丁烯封端的含醚单体BCB-1和BCB-2。两种单体的熔融温度低于100℃,在100-200℃熔体黏度低于1 Pa.s,表现出宽的加工窗口和良好的成型工艺性能。BCB-1和BCB-2两种树脂固化物的Tg分别为269和232℃,T5d5%分别为450和433℃,介电常数分别为2.88和2.58,损耗因子分别为8.4×10-3和2.7×10-3,表现出良好的耐热稳定性和优异的介电性能。其中BCB-2树脂由于在分子结构中引入了具有低摩尔极化度的大体积侧基—CF3,因此表现出更低的介电常数和损耗因子。     

间冷回热航空发动机性能计算与分析

在常规循环双轴分排大涵道比涡扇发动机模型基础上,通过引入间冷器、回热器和间冷涵道模型,发展了间冷回热航空发动机(IRA)性能模拟方法.编写了相应的性能计算程序,计算并分析了一种间冷涵道独立排气的IRA的高度速度特性和节流特性.计算表明:全包线内,回热器一直可以正常换热,IRA可以正常工作.不同工况下,IRA的净推力都接近或大于对照常规循环涡扇发动机,而耗油率较对照常规循环涡扇发动机降低9%~20%.     

基于激光诱导荧光的高速飞行粒子低温段测温方法

针对当前高速飞行固体粒子在低温段测温困难的问题,提出了一种基于激光诱导荧光的固体测温方法来显示高速粒子飞行过程中的温度变化过程。使用掺杂罗丹明B染料的醋酸纤维粒子的600 nm荧光信号和激光的532 nm信号之比,能进一步排除激光光强波动对测温结果的干扰。对固体荧光粉末在20~80 ℃温度下的光谱学特征进行分析,研究发现:系统的荧光信号强度、温度灵敏度(80 ℃下温度系数为-0.012 5 ℃-1,20 ℃下温度系数为-0.037 9 ℃-1)、测量精度均随温度的下降显著上升,验证了该方法在低温段温度测量的应用潜力。基于该方法对高速气流下粒子撞靶的温度变化规律进行定性分析。      

双(口恶)唑啉化合物改性热固性树脂的研究

采用自制2,2′-(1,3-苯)双(4,5-二氢)(口恶)唑分别与热塑性酚醛树脂或二氨基二苯甲烷(DADPM)进行聚合反应制得了聚醚酰胺树脂(PEAR)和聚氨基酰胺树脂(PAAR).实验表明PEAR的冲击强度达到6 kJ/m2以上,弯曲强度达到100MPa以上,且电绝缘性能优良,可作为H级绝缘材料使用;PAAR的冲击强度最高达到22kJ/m2,弯曲强度达到202 MPa,电绝缘性能较PEAR稍差,但仍然可作为H级绝缘材料使用,另外还可望作为无卤阻燃材料使用.以这两种高性能热固性树脂为基体可制备出性能优良的玻璃布复合材料.     

Electrochemical micromachining of microgroove arrays on phosphor bronze surface for improving the tribological performance

A high friction coefficient and a low wear rate of contacted surfaces are essential elements to friction pairs between the stator and the rotor in ultrasonic motors. It has been shown that surface textures have a significant effect on improving the tribological performance of friction pairs.In this paper, microgroove arrays are introduced to the stator surface for improving the tribological performance of friction pairs between the stator and the rotor in ultrasonic motors. Microgrooves were fabricated on a phosphor bronze surface by through-mask electrochemical micromachining(TMEMM). Parameters, namely, the electrolyte inlet pressure, applied voltage, pulse duty cycle,and frequency, were varied to investigate their influences on the dimensions and morphology of the microgrooves. Results showed that the width and depth of the microgrooves were strongly affected by the applied voltage and frequency, while the morphology of the microgrooves was dependent on the electrolyte inlet pressure and the pulse duty cycle. Compared with a smooth surface, the friction coefficient increased from 0.245 to 0.334 and less abrasion was obtained when a surface was textured with microgrooves of which the width and depth were 185.6 and 57.6 lm,respectively. Microgroove arrays might play an important role in enhancing the performance of ultrasonic motors.     

RFI 用酚醛树脂体系的固化动力学和TTT 图

研制了适合树脂膜熔渗工艺(RFI)的酚醛树脂体系,采用动态DSC技术和固化度的测试,建立了改性树脂体系的固化动力学模型,研究了等温条件下固化度/温度/时间关系以及固化度/玻璃化转变温度关系,通过平板拉丝法研究树脂的凝胶过程,得出凝胶时间和温度之间的关系,回归得到凝胶时的固化度为αgel=53.33％,并以此计算出凝胶时的Tg,gel=48.64℃,在此基础上绘制了该体系的TTT图.     

Effects of stability margin and thrust specific fuel consumption constrains on multi-disciplinary optimization for blended-wing-body design

Blended-Wing-Body(BWB) configuration, as an innovative transport concept, has become a worldwide research focus in the field of civil transports development. Relative to the conventional Tube-And-Wing(TAW) configuration, the BWB shows integrated benefits and serves as a most promising candidate for future ‘‘green aviation". The objective of the present work is to figure out the effects of the stability margin and Thrust Specific Fuel Consumption(TSFC) on the BWB design in the framework of Multi-Disciplinary Optimization(MDO). A physically-based platform was promoted to study the effect static stability margin and engine technology level. Low-order physically based models are applied to the evaluation of the weight and the aerodynamic performance. The modules and methods are illustrated in detail, and the validation of the methods shows feasibility and confidence for the conceptual design of BWB aircrafts. In order to find out the relation between planform changes and the selection of stability and engine technology level, two sets of optimizations are conducted separately. The study proves that these two factors have dominant effects towards the optimized BWB designs in both aerodynamic shapes, weight distribution, which needs to be considered during the MDO design process. A balance diagram analysis is applied to find out a reasonable static stability margin range. It can be concluded that a recommended stability margin of a practical BWB commercial aircraft can be half of that of a conventional TAW design.     

树脂基体的韧性对复合材料力学性能的影响

以双酚A型环氧树脂——无规羧基丁腈橡胶——2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑体系为代表,考察了树脂基体的韧性对单向玻璃纤维复合材料力学性能的影响。试验结果表明:随着树脂基体韧性的提高,所得复合材料的伉断裂性能相应地增加,但提高的幅度较树脂基体本身韧性的提高值小;复合材料的短梁剪切强度、除拉伸模量以外的横向力学性能也随树脂基体韧性的增加而提高,而弯曲性能及纵向力学性能受树脂基体韧性的影响不明显。