Application of Genetic Algorithm in Estimation of Gyro Drift Error Model

Extended Kalman Filter(EKF)algorithm is widely used in parameter estimation for nonlinear systems.The estimation precision is sensitively dependent on EKF’s initial state covariance matrix and state noise matrix.The grid optimization method is always used to find proper initial matrix for off-line estimation.However,the grid method has the draw back being time consuming hence,coarse grid followed by a fine grid method is adopted.To further improve efficiency without the loss of estimation accuracy,we propose a genetic algorithm for the coarse grid optimization in this paper.It is recognized that the crossover rate and mutation rate are the main influencing factors for the performance of the genetic algorithm,so sensitivity experiments for these two factors are carried out and a set of genetic algorithm parameters with good adaptability were selected by testing with several gyros’experimental data.Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has higher efficiency and better estimation accuracy than the traversing grid algorithm.     

Lightweight Design of Spaceborne CFRP Rigid Antenna Reflector

In order to overcome the shortcoming of space-borne rigid antenna reflector made of carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) skins with aluminum honeycomb sandwich (SAHS) structure, a new type of full CFRP skin plus rib (SPR) structure ring-focused parabolic surface antenna reflector with the size of 2.5 m 1.9 m is designed. Under the condition that the original caliber, surface type, and interface remain unchanged, the main influence factors are designed and controlled. First, from the perspective of high stiffness, lightweight, and easy to form, a finite element simulation software is used to analyze and optimize the layout of the rib, the cross-sectional shape of the rib, the size of the rib, and the matching of the size and the coefficients of thermal expansion (CTEs) of the rib and the skin. Second, two structures are prepared by the autoclave molding process. Third, the weight and the surface precision root mean square (RMS) value are measured. The results show that the fundamental frequency of the SPR structure is 142.2 Hz, which is 3.5 Hz higher;the number of the new structural parts is reduced by 40%, and the forming process is greatly simplified. The total weight of the new structure is 11.9 kg, lighter 42.5%, indicating that the weight loss is obvious. The RMS value is 0.15 mm, which is slightly lower 0.01 mm but satisfies the accuracy requirement not greater than 0.3 mm. It is proved that the SPR structure reflector is a superior structure of the lightweight spaceborne antenna reflector.     

Hot Tearing Behavior of Mg-Gd-Y-X Alloys

Mg-Gd-Y-Zr alloy castings are widely used in the aerospace field owing to their high strength and excellent creep resistance. The castability of these alloys is also an important consideration for engineering application. Thus， the hot tearing susceptibilities (HTSs) of Mg-10Gd-1Y-1Zn-0.5Zr (VW91) alloy and Mg-10Gd-2Y-1Zn-0.5Zr (VW92) alloy are investigated with a constrained rod casting (CRC) mold. The microstructures and fracture surface are characterized by optical microscope and scanning electron microscope. The results unveil that the HTS of VW92 alloy is lower than that of VW91 alloy. The microstructures indicate that obvious tears can be observed in VW91 alloy， while the tears in VW92 alloy are tiny. The tear feeding and healing by eutectic are also observed in VW91 and VW92 alloys. Therefore， the lower hot tearing susceptibility of VW92 alloy is mainly attributed to the high amount of eutectic which feeds and heals tears. Besides， the effects of the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and the fluidity of VW91 and VW92 alloys on their HTSs are discussed.     

姿控发动机开机过程瞬态流动特性研究（英文）

Liquid bipropellant attitude control rocket engines are widely used in satellites, manned spaceships, deep space probes and other spacecraft. The performance of an attitude control engine is directly related to the lifetime, control precision and safety of a spacecraft. The study of flow characteristics of an engine transient process is important to improve its performance. In this paper, the transient flow test of a transparent test piece was carried out during the starting process of the attit...     

Multilevel Tests and Measurement Evaluation Methods for the Application of Composite Materials in Spacecraft Structures

With the implementation of new-generation launch vehicles, space stations, lunar and deep space exploration, etc., the development of spacecraft structures will face new challenges. In order to reduce the spacecraft weight and increase the payload, composite material structures will be widely used. It is difficult to evaluate the strength and life of composite materials due to their complex mechanism and various phenomena in damage and failure. Meanwhile, the structures of composite materials used in spacecrafts will bear complex loads, including the coupling loads of tension, pressure, bending, shear, and torsion. Static loads, thermal loads, and vibration loads may occur at the same time, which asks for verification requirements to ensure the structure safety. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out a systematic multi-level experimental study. In this paper, the building block approach (BBA) is used to investigate the multilevel composite material structures for spacecrafts. The advanced measurement technology is adopted based on digital image correlation (DIC) and piezoelectric and optical fiber sensors to measure the composite material structure deformation. The virtual experiment technology is applied to provide sufficient and reliable data for the evaluation of the composite material structures of spacecrafts.     

Fabrication and Investigation on Double-Hollow Shell CoFe Oxide@TiO2 Nanocube with Superior Electromagnetic Properties

Electromagnetic wave absorbing materials are urgently required in the fields of medicine, communication, and military. However, the thickness, weight, narrow effective bandwidth, and weak absorbing ability of the materials restrict their further application. In this work, a double-layer hollow nanocube with a dielectric titanium dioxide (TiO2) shell and a magnetic CoFe oxide inner shell is prepared. Prussian blue (PB) is prepared by the hydrothermal method, and used as the template to prepare PB@CoFe PB analogue (PBA). After selective etching and further calcination, hollow CoFe oxide particles are obtained. The obtained particles are then coated with SiO2 and TiO2, respectively, and the intermediate layer is dislodged to obtain the final CoFe oxide@TiO2 with the hollow double shell structure. The obtained double-layer hollow structure can effectively capture the incident electromagnetic waves, and increase the propagation path. Moreover, the obvious enhancement of interface polarization and the improvement of impedance matching enhance the wave absorbing ability of the material. The analysis results show that, the structure is stable and the dispersion is good. The maximum reflection loss (RL) at 10 GHz is as high as -46.1 dB with the sample thickness of 1.6 mm. The light-weight and high-efficiency CoFe oxide@TiO2 absorber is promised to be used in commercial and military aerospace fields.     

LM-5 Rehearsal Rocket Transferred to Launch Pad

<正>On November 23,2015,the combination of LM-5 launch vehicle and Chang’e 5 explorer for rehearsal was transferred to the launch pad from the vertical assembly facility.Developed by CALT,LM-5 is the new-generation non-toxic launch vehicle with the largest launch capacity.LM-5launch vehicle and Chang’e 5 explorer began rehearsal at the launch site in September,2015 to ensure the maiden flight of LM-5 a complete success and     

China''''s Aerospace Civilian Industry

Since its foundation, China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CASC) has been paying great attention to the development of the aerospace civilian industry. The civilian industry is developing rapidly with an increasingly high economic operation quality and has become an important component of CASC's business and economy. Here we introduce the CASC aerospace civilian     

Thermal Polymerization of Cyanate Ester-Benzoxazine：Study of a Functional Model Compound

A novel benzoxazine (BOZ) monomer is synthesized by a pot method with solvent-free to blend with cyanate ester (CE). A soluble intermediate is obtained after being cured for 20 h at 80 ℃. The two model compound and the blends are analyzed with the infrared radiation (IR)， nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy， and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results show that an intermediate of the iminocarbonate and BOZ structures is formed by the ring-open BOZ reacting with the cyanate groups and ring-unopened BOZ. Moreover， rearrangement and ring-opening occur in the postcure of the intermediate to form the alkyl isocyanurate structure with polybenzoxazine.     

Development and Prospects of China's Space Technology——Will China's space technology be brilliant again at the turn of the century?

For China,at the turn of the century,how to keep the position of the space power,how to stimulate the enthusiasm of the space technicians and how to keep pace with the world space technology,all of these questions lie ahead of the Chinese people.So we may say China's space industry now is in the key stage.If the space industry draws great attention from the central government and the people of the country,it will have a brilliant future in the 21st century.We should put our eyes on the 21st century and prepare to explore space resources.It is difficult for us to keep pace with the times if we do not explore space resources and try to earn "the money in space".     

Vigorously Develop Space Technology to Enter International Market

The level of space technology is one of the symbols that represent a nation's comprehensive strength.Today with the rapid development of science and technology, both space-faring nations and those relatively poor in technology and economic development are paying more and more attention to the     

Investigation on Thermal and Dimensional Stability of Epoxy Resin In-Situ Modified by Cyanate Ester Resin and Polydimethylsiloxane

The thermal and dimensional stability of epoxy resin (EP) in-situ modified by cyanate ester (CE) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) are investigated by means of experiments and numerical simulation. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) are used to analyze the heat resistance of the modified EP. The dimensional stability is characterized by the volume shrinkage of the series PDMS/CE/EP obtained by the density method. The chemical structure of the PDMS/CE/EP is analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results of TGA and DSC indicate that the thermal stability of PDMS/CE/EP decreases firstly and then increases with the increase in the amount of CE. The addition of PDMS shows a slight effect on the thermal stability. The 40% CE makes the blending system exhibit the lowest initial decomposition temperature, which reduces by 15.5% and 40.8% compared with pure EP and CE, respectively. The FTIR results suggested that the influence of CE on the thermal stability of the modified EP is mainly ascribed to the generation of oxazolidinone ring with low thermal stability and the increase in the triazine ring with high thermal stability. The volume shrinkage measurement results show that the introduction of CE and PDMS are both beneficial to the improvement of the dimensional stability of the blending systems. The in-situ addition of 80% CE shows the lowest volume shrinkage of 6.11%. The thermal stress distribution of PDMS/CE/EP generated during the solidification process is simulated by the finite element analysis. The results suggested that the introduction of 80% CE into EP results in the lowest thermal stress in the blending system, which indicates that the system has the lowest volume shrinkage, which agrees well with the experimental results.     

LM-2F for Tiangong 2 in General Assembly

<正>The general assembly work for the first,second core stages and the boosters of LM-2F planned for launching the Tiangong 2 target spacecraft is being conducted smoothly.The carrier rocket will enter the testing phase after the completion of the assembly work in early August and is scheduled to launch the Tiangong 2target spacecraft next year.The Capital Aerospace Machinery Corporation worked out 19 measurements including production preparation,organization,     

Software Test And Evaluation Center Of CASC Established

The software Test and Evaluation Center of CASC (CASC-STEC)was established recently.The establishment of the CASC-STEC is an important measure to strengthen the capability of software test and evaluation,to ensure the quality of software products and     

Analysis on the Bonding Failure Mechanism of High Modulus Carbon Fiber Composites

In order to explore the bonding failure mechanism of high modulus carbon fiber composite materials, the tensile experiment and finite element numerical simulation for single-lap and bevel-lap joints of unidirectional laminates are carried out, and the stress distributions, the failure modes, and the damage contours are analyzed. The analysis shows that the main reason for the failure of the single-lap joint is that the stress concentration of the ply adjacent to the adhesive layer is serious owing to the modulus difference, and the stress cannot be effectively transmitted along the thickness direction of the laminate. When the tensile stress of the ply exceeds its ultimate strength in the loading process, the surface fiber will fail. Compared with the single-lap joint, the bevel-lap joint optimizes the stress transfer path along the thickness direction, allows each layer of the laminate to share the load, avoids the stress concentration of the surface layer, and improves the bearing capacity of the bevel-lap joint. The improved bearing capacity of the bevel-lap joint is twice as much as that of the single-lap joint. The research in this paper provides a new idea for the subsequent study of mechanical properties of adhesively bonded composite materials.     

Effect of Isothermal Forging on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Mg-8Gd-3Y-0.5Zr Alloy

Aiming at the problems of poor plastic forming ability， narrow forging temperature range， and strain rate sensitivity of rare earth magnesium alloys， a study on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-8Gd-3Y-0.5Zr alloy with different isothermal forging processes is carried out. The microstructure and properties of the alloy in the as-cast， isothermal forged， and post-aging states after forging are studied with optical microscope (OM)， scanning electron microscope (SEM)， and tensile testing. The results show that significant dynamic recrystallization occurs during the isothermal forging process， a fine equiaxed grain structure is formed， and the mechanical properties of the alloy are greatly improved. When the isothermal forging temperature is 460 ºC and the strain rate is 0.02 s－1， the alloy structure performance is the best， the room temperature tensile yield strength (TYS) is 218 MPa， the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) is 299 MPa， and the fracture elongation (FE) is 19.2%. When the alloy is post-forging artificial aged， the α-Mg matrix is dispersed， the Mg5(Gd，Y) phase is precipitated， the UTS of the alloy is increased to 392 MPa， and the FE is reduced to 12.0%.     

Development and Application of Ti-based Alloy Casting Technologies in the Field of Aerospace

Ti-based alloys have been widely applied in the aerospace field, owing to their outstanding performance. Precision casting can be used to make integrated near-net-shape components with complex thin-walled structures, which will further promote the engineering application of Ti-based alloys. In this paper, the research progress of Ti-based alloys, e.g., high-temperature Ti-based alloys, high-strength Ti-based alloys, TiAl-based alloys, Ti-based matrix composites, and their precision casting technologies are reviewed. In addition, the development directions of Ti-based alloys are presented based on the application status of Ti-based alloys in the aerospace field.     

Microstructure and Properties of Low-pressure Cold Sprayed Al-based Composite Coatings on Magnesium Alloy Surface

Pure Al and Al-30% Al2O3 composite coatings are prepared on the surface of AZ31B magnesium alloy by low-pressure cold spraying. The morphology and structure of the coatings are analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the effects of the addition of Al2O3 on the microstructure of the Al-based coatings are discussed. The mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the coatings are fully evaluated by the micro-hardness tester, electronic tensile machine, and electrochemical workstation. The results show that the coating structure is more uniform and denser, and the porosity is significantly reduced after the addition of Al2O3. The interfaces between the coatings and the magnesium alloy substrate are distinct, and the coatings and the substrate are mechanically combined. Compared with the pure Al coating, the microhardness of the Al-Al2O3 composite coating is increased to 61.1 HV0.2, and the bonding strength reaches above 53.1 MPa. The self-corrosion potential of the two coatings is higher than that of the magnesium alloy, and the self-corrosion current density is significantly lower than that of the magnesium alloy substrate. The Al-based coatings prepared by low-pressure cold spraying have high hardness, good bonding strength, and good corrosion resistance, which can be used for the repair and protection of magnesium alloy structural parts.     

A Robotic TeleoperationSystem for Precise Robotic Manipulation by Human-Machine Interaction

Teleoperation is of great importance in the area of robotics， especially when people are unavailable in the robot workshop. It provides a way for people to control robots remotely using human intelligence. In this paper， a robotic teleoperation system for precise robotic manipulation is established. The data glove and the 7-degrees of freedom (DOFs) force feedback controller are used for the remote control interaction. The control system and the monitor system are designed for the remote precise manipulation. The monitor system contains an image acquisition system and a human-machine interaction module， and aims to simulate and detect the robot running state. Besides，a visual object tracking algorithm is developed to estimate the states of the dynamic system from noisy observations. The established robotic teleoperation systemis applied to a series of experiments， and high-precision results are obtained， showing the effectiveness of the physical system.     

Microstructure and Property Analysis of AerMet100 Steel Manufactured by In-situ Rolling Mixed Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing

AerMet100 steel thick wall is fabricated by in-situ rolling composite wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM). The microstructure and mechanical properties of AerMet100 steel after heat treatment are studied. The results show that after the introduction of in-situ rolling force， the grain of AerMet100 steel is broken， the anisotropy is eliminated， and the microstructure is refined obviously. The microstructure of AerMet100 steel after heat treatment is mainly lath martensite and reverse austenite. There are 40 nm?68.6 nm alloy carbides precipitated in the martensitic matrix， and the hardening mechanism is mainly Orowan bypass strengthening. The film-like reverse austenite with the thickness ranging from 2 nm to 5 nm exists between the martensitic lath， which improves the toughness of the maraging steel. Good combination of strength and toughness can be achieved through proper heat treatment process.