三维整体编织碳/酚醛复合材料烧蚀表面状态测试与分析

为了更好地研究三维整体纺织碳／酚醛复合材料的成型工艺对材料烧蚀性能的影响，选用不同纤维体积分数和不同编织结构的碳／酚碳复合材料试样，进行烧蚀试验，利用TalyScan150型表面粗糙度测试仪对试样烧蚀后的表面进行测试，并采用多种分析方法对测试结果进行分析。从分析结果可以看出三维四向结构的碳／酚醛复合材料随着纤维体积分数的增加，烧蚀性能变好，较低纤维体积分数（50％）的三维五向结构碳／酚醛复合材料具有较好的烧蚀性能。     

2.5D石英/酚醛复合材料的性能研究

对编织型复合材料－2．5D石英／酚醛复合材料作了初步的研究，采用先进的树脂传递模塑（RTM）工艺进行复合成型，并对其力学性能、热物理性能和烧蚀性能做了研究与分析。研究表明2．5D石英／酚醛复合材料不但具有较好的整体力学性能，而且是一种优良的抗烧蚀、防热材料。     

空间探测烧蚀防热材料应用及趋势

综述了国内外空间探测器烧蚀防热材料的种类及其应用情况,美国主要包括高密度酚醛/玻璃钢、蜂窝增强烧蚀防热材料、PICA及PICA-X以及高密度碳酚醛材料等,国内则主要包括酚醛/尼龙、蜂窝增强烧蚀防热材料和NF材料,介绍了这些材料所应用的探测器、气动加热环境、防热材料性能和防热结构成型技术。总结了美国空间探测防热材料研制中出现的两次烧蚀异常及导致的探测器选材变化,可见防热材料与热环境耦合关系复杂。同时介绍了我国针对防热材料抵御异常损伤开展的部分工作。最后对空间探测防热材料的应用与发展做出了展望。     

北京材料工艺研究所研制成功碳/酚醛防热层材料

碳/酚醛复合材料是继玻璃/酚醛,高硅氧/酚醛复合材料之后的又一代新型防热材料,它具有密度小、纯度高,有效烧蚀热高等优良性能,不仅在正在服役的美国民兵Ⅱ弹头MK-12上得到应用,而且将应用在80年代末投入使用的MX导弹     

不同基体形式对碳-碳复合材料烧蚀性能的影响

前言碳-碳复合材料由于内部有高强度碳纤维的骨架增强,使这种石墨材料在受到热冲击时能阻止裂缝的扩展,因此,作为防热材料应用的碳-碳复合材料,其烧蚀性能与基体形式有着非常密切的联系。美国超高温公司曾研究了纤维随机取向的碳毡、多股丝编织的三维结构以及平纹碳布,石墨布层状基体对复合材料性能的影响。指出,基体中孔隙     

用于RTM工艺的烧蚀树脂及其复合材料

根据烧蚀防热复合材料RTM制备技术对树脂的要求,研究了一种适合于RTM工艺的无溶剂高残碳烧蚀树脂及其法向增强复合材料,详细讨论了树脂的黏度-温度特性、耐热性能、烧蚀性能及烧蚀复合材料的力学性能、热物理性能,并对制备的烧蚀防热材料构件进行了固体发动机热试车考核。结果表明:采用多环芳香酚改性的高邻位酚醛树脂工艺适用期长达120min、残碳率达67. 1%,使用该树脂制备的几种法向增强的复合材料层剪强度达39. 3MPa以上;该类树脂基烧蚀防热材料可作为固体火箭发动机扩张段的标准材料。     

问与答

Bhjkhhk 问:1、碳/碳复合材料在航空航天领域有重要作用,它一般是怎样制备的?答:这是一种以碳石墨纤维或其织物为增强材料,以热解碳、沉积碳或浸渍碳为基体的碳基复合材料。它基本上是一种防热功能材料,按照防热原理可分为烧蚀防热材料和热结构材料两大类。烧蚀碳/碳是一种升华型烧蚀材料,利用材料在高温下升华吸热和辐射散热,并能保持烧蚀外形,可用于远程导弹端头和固体火箭发动机喉衬、喷管。主要包括整体碳毡/碳材料和三向碳/碳防热材料等。热结构碳/碳是一     

三维编织碳/酚醛复合材料高温热响应的数值计算

为了准确掌握高温条件下防热复合材料的热响应行为,对基体和纤维束分开建模,利用能量和质量守恒方程,并考虑热解过程中酚醛基体密度和材料热属性的变化,计算高温条件下三维编织碳/酚醛复合材料的热响应行为,预测复合材料温度场和热解度的分布规律,并给出质量损失率、炭层生成位置以及厚度的变化情况。结果表明:加热过程中,三维编织碳/酚醛复合材料的温度分布极不均匀,在加热面上基体温度明显高于纤维束温度,而在材料内部竖向纤维束温度反而高于基体温度;加热开始时炭层没有立刻产生,而是需要一段时间的过渡,在此过渡时间内炭层平均厚度为0。     

前苏联的防热—介电材料

防热-介电材料也叫防热-无线电透波材料,多数为陶瓷基复合材料,有石英玻璃、三向石英立体织物浸渍硅树脂或硅溶胶等,均属熔化型烧蚀,生成的液膜具有较高的粘度、不碳化并能继续保持透波性能。它可与玻璃/酚醛、高硅氧/酚醛、碳/酚醛防热材料相匹配使用,用于导弹弹头天线窗防热-介电盖板。     

烧蚀复合材料用酚醛树脂研究

用于制作烧蚀防热材料的酚醛树脂基体具有耐烧蚀、高纯度和工艺性能优良等特性。酚醛树脂碳化后的成碳率和碳层质量对碳/酚醛复合材料的烧蚀性能有很大的影响。合理的分子结构,工艺和添加适当的碳粉末可提高材料的成碳率和烧蚀性能。优良的树脂碳坚固、致密、并且和碳纤维匹配良好。在TEM下可观察到石墨化区域,而质量低劣的树脂碳呈疏松,多孔状,是一类有缺陷的无定形碳。     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。     

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.