弹载捷联星敏感器强光规避策略及算法

星敏感器光学系统及成像阵列易受太阳和月亮强光干扰.针对弹载捷联星敏感器提出一种规避强光的解析几何方法.通过天文公式解算出观星时刻太阳、月亮矢量,将其转换到当地地理坐标系下;将太阳、月亮方位、地心指向和星敏感器圆视场的几何分布关系划分为3种类型,并结合星敏感器遮光罩太阳月亮规避角参数,分别建立矢量公式求解星敏感器光轴的指令指向;利用STK仿真软件进行算法验证,选择任意时间段并设定星敏感器光轴指向,经本算法解算的光轴指令指向均可成功规避太阳月亮和地平.该算法可实现星敏感器光学系统的自主保护、观星窗口的选择,可以通过姿态机动实现太阳和月亮的规避和有效星光观测.     

固体远地点发动机变轨控制

文章给出在发射静止卫星过程中,固体远地点发动机点火时间和点火姿态的最佳值确定方法。     

基于畸变影响的动态星模拟器星点位置修正方法

介绍了动态星模拟器工作原理及星点位置误差计算方法,提出一种基于星模拟器自身光学系统畸变影响的星点位置修正方法,根据星点位置修正原理,建立修正模型并推导出相应公式. 通过对动态星模拟器光学系统进行分析,在畸变曲线基础上利用Matlab拟合得出光学系统视场与星点位置修正量的关系曲线,通过确定星点位置修正临界视场并选取适当修正范围,根据公式对星点位置进行修正以满足星模拟器的设计指标,利用该修正方法能够有效降低对动态星模拟器光学系统畸变设计的要求,为动态星模拟器误差修正提供有效方法.      

多敏感器联邦SSUKF融合姿态确定算法

针对四元数姿态估计问题,提出了一种分布式非线性滤波融合结构。通过引入基于超球面分布采样点变换(SSUT)技术的无迹卡尔曼滤波算法(SSUKF),以较低的计算量实现了高数据更新率、高精度的非线性滤波,并通过融合重构,保障系统无间断可靠工作,不受敏感器故障、视场盲区等因素影响。应用该算法对陀螺、磁强计、太阳敏感器、星敏感器构成的系统进行了具体设计并开展仿真研究,验证了算法的有效性。     

基于多重UKF的粗太阳敏感器标定算法研究

针对粗太阳敏感器存在的非余弦特性以及易受空间环境杂光干扰的影响,为了提高粗太阳敏感器的定姿精度,需对其电池片进行标定.通过设计多重UKF(Unscented Kalman Filter)滤波器实现对粗太阳敏感器的定姿标定,将其划分为两类,第一类为标定陀螺漂移,第二类借助陀螺漂移标定结果,进而设计电池片滤波器来精确修正粗太阳敏感器的电池片系数,完成对整个粗太敏电池片的输出数据修正.仿真结果表明,采用多重UKF滤波器算法可有效实现对陀螺和粗太阳敏感器的标定,提高了卫星的姿态确定精度,达到了设计要求.     

空间交会最终平移段控制策略

提出空间交会最终平移段的控制方法,选取追踪航天器的相对位置与姿态角作为控制变量,同步控制追踪航天器的质心运动与姿态运动,修正制导机动执行偏差的影响,使目标航天器保持在光学导航视场范围之内,且满足对接操作对追踪航天器状态的要求。     

双轴模拟式太阳敏感器的误差源分析

双轴模拟式太阳敏感器（简称双轴太敏）基于四象限硅光电池,可同时实现太阳矢量两轴方向角的测量.针对装配环节偏差导致的双轴太敏姿态测量误差问题,提出了对双轴太敏掩膜玻璃通光孔与硅光电池间的中心偏移、旋转和倾斜以及光电组件安装偏斜等主要误差源进行定量分析的方法,为有效补偿双轴太敏各装配环节偏差奠定基础.     

多探头星敏感器分布式视场融合方法

为了解决单探头星敏感器三轴姿态精度不一致问题,提高数据更新率和实时性,提出了多探头分布式视场融合方法。该方法通过控制各探头等时间间隔曝光,将相邻时刻曝光的2个探头的观测星矢量信息进行时间配准、空间配准,之后进行视场融合并采用QUEST算法解算姿态。仿真试验表明,该方法可将光轴方向精度提高8~9倍,同时可将数据更新率提高3倍以上,从而提高了系统的实时性。     

直播卫星TV-SAT/TDF-1的姿态和轨道控制分系统

TV-SAT/TDF-1是西德和法国正在研制中的第一颗直播卫星,将于1984年年底在圭亚那(法属)库鲁靶场发射。卫星用阿里安火箭送入近地点为200公里、远地点为35,788公里的转移轨道。卫星与运载火箭分离后,在转移轨道、远地点加速机动直到进入同步轨道运行期间均采用三轴稳定。卫星最后定点于西经19°,设计寿命为七年。该卫星的姿态和轨道控制分系统是由西德MBB公司根据国际通信卫星5号的控制概念设计的,但所采用的姿态测量硬件不同。此外,TV-SAT/TDF-1采用了较先     

无陀螺下基于修正罗德里格参数的星体姿态确定

介绍了修正罗德里格参数(MRP),分析比较了姿态表示参数修正罗德里格参数和四元数的算法特点。通过仿真计算,比较了当卫星受一阶马尔柯夫干扰力矩作用和CCD星敏感器为唯一星载角运动传感器时,分别用修正罗德里格参数和四元数作为姿态表示参数,采用UKF(Unscented Kalman Filter)估计卫星航向、姿态及相应角速率的滤波效果。结果表明,用修正罗德里格参数法的姿态解算精度比用四元数法的姿态解算精度高,且计算效率明显优于四元数算法,计算量仅相当于四元数算法的一半,这是由于四元数的规范化条件(即模值为1),在姿态确定中会导致误差协方差阵奇异,而修正罗德里格参数虽然不是全局非奇异的,但是可以通过切换方法解决奇异性问题。     

Stochastic particle acceleration by the forced interaction of relativistic current sheets

We address the problem of interacting relativistic current sheets in self-consistent kinetic plasma simulations within the framework of the Particle-In-Cell model. The interaction is enforced in head-on collisions of up to 10 current sheets at relativistic bulk speeds. The simulations are motivated by the general problem of Poynting flux dissipation in ‘striped wind’ configurations presumably governing the relativistic outflows pervasive in pulsar winds and gamma-ray bursts. We identify the generation of non-thermal particles and formation of a stable power-law shape in the particle energy distributions f(γ) dγ ∝ γ^−s dγ. In 1D, a spectral index s ∼ 2 is observed and attributed to a stochastic Fermi-type acceleration mechanism. In 2D, the generic index of s ∼ 3–4 is retained as in previous simulations of individual current sheets. Whereas in 2D the high energy cut-off is constrained by the limited dissipation of magnetic energy, in 1D the process converts the bulk motion of current sheets towards directed particle momentum of an exclusive class of non-thermal particles.     

Scaling analysis and model estimation of solar corona index

A monthly average solar green coronal index time series for the period from January 1939 to December 2008 collected from NOAA (The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) has been analysed in this paper in perspective of scaling analysis and modelling. Smoothed and de-noising have been done using suitable mother wavelet as a pre-requisite. The Finite Variance Scaling Method (FVSM), Higuchi method, rescaled range (R/S) and a generalized method have been applied to calculate the scaling exponents and fractal dimensions of the time series. Autocorrelation function (ACF) is used to find autoregressive (AR) process and Partial autocorrelation function (PACF) has been used to get the order of AR model. Finally a best fit model has been proposed using Yule-Walker Method with supporting results of goodness of fit and wavelet spectrum. The results reveal an anti-persistent, Short Range Dependent (SRD), self-similar property with signatures of non-causality, non-stationarity and nonlinearity in the data series. The model shows the best fit to the data under observation.     

Learning in an immersive digital theater

The Houston Museum of Natural Science, in collaboration with Rice University has an outreach program taking portable digital theaters to schools and community sites for over five years and has conducted research on student learning in this immersive environment. By using an external independent evaluator, the effectiveness of NASA-funded Education and Public Outreach (EPO) projects can be assessed. This paper documents interactive techniques and learning strategies in full-dome digital theaters. The presentation is divided into Evaluation Strategies and Results and Interactivity Strategies and Results. All learners from grades 3–12 showed statistically significant short-term increase in knowledge of basic Earth science concepts after a single 22-min show. Improvements were more significant on items that were taught using more than one modality of instruction: hearing, seeing, discussion, and immersion. Thus immersive theater can be an effective as well as engaging teaching method for Earth and Space science concepts, particularly those that are intrinsically three-dimensional and thus most effectively taught in an immersive environment. The portable system allows taking the educational experience to rural and tribal sites where the underserved students could not afford the time or expense to travel to museums.     

Development of a gas chromatography compatible Sample Processing System (SPS) for the in-situ analysis of refractory organic matter in martian soil: preliminary results

In the frame of the 2009 Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission a new sample preparation system (SPS) compatible with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) has been developed for the in situ analysis of complex organic molecules in the Martian soil. The goal is to detect, if they exist, some of the key compounds that play an important role in life on Earth including carboxylic acids, amino acids and nucleobases.     

基于LuGre模型的电液加载系统摩擦补偿

为了提高电液加载系统控制精度,针对摩擦问题提出了基于LuGre摩擦模型的前馈补偿方法.建立了用于摩擦仿真分析和补偿器设计的电液加载系统数学模型;通过实验获取并分析了相关的摩擦数据;基于实验数据进行LuGre模型参数辨识,把LuGre模型和辨识结果引入电液加载系统数学模型,并进行仿真结果与实际摩擦数据的对照,证明了LuGre摩擦模型的准确性.设计前馈补偿器,进行了实验对比,实验结果表明前馈补偿器可将摩擦产生的控制误差有效地降至未补偿时的30%左右.      

CoRoT and Kepler results: Solar-like oscillators

The space-borne observatories CoRoT (Convection Rotation and planetary Transits) and Kepler have provided photometric time series data of unprecedented precision for large numbers of stars. These data have revolutionized the fields of transiting exoplanets and asteroseismology. In this review some important asteroseismic results obtained using data from the CoRoT and Kepler space missions concerning stars that show solar-like oscillations are discussed. These results comprise, among others, measurements of the location of the base of the convection zone and helium second-ionization zone in main-sequence stars, the presence (or not) of core-helium burning in red-giant stars, as well as differential rotation in these stars.     

Radioactivity of the Moon and planets

In this report the main results of the study of radioactivity of the solar sistem bodies are considered. The radioactivity of the Moon and planets was measured by means of vehicles in situ. The radioactivity of the lunar samples, brought to the Earth was studied with laboratory equipment.     

Return to Europa: Overview of the Jupiter Europa orbiter mission

Missions to explore Europa have been imagined ever since the Voyager mission first suggested that Europa was geologically very young. Subsequently, the Galileo spacecraft supplied fascinating new insights into this satellite of Jupiter. Now, an international team is proposing a return to the Jupiter system and Europa with the Europa Jupiter System Mission (EJSM). Currently, NASA and ESA are designing two orbiters that would explore the Jovian system and then each would settle into orbit around one of Jupiter’s icy satellites, Europa and Ganymede. In addition, the Japanese Aerospace eXploration Agency (JAXA) is considering a Jupiter magnetospheric orbiter and the Russian Space Agency is investigating a Europa lander.     

基于最小值原理的冗余度机器人动力学控制

为了解冗余度机器人全局法优化中数值求解的困难,本文讨论了动力学方程的建立,无约束和有约束最优控制问题之间的内在联系,重点分析了求解最优控制问题的数值方法,文中提出了双向异步积分迭代的求解正则方程组的直接迭代法,较好解决了状态方程和协态方程稳定相逆给求解两点这值问题带来的困难。     

基于GPS载波相位的微卫星姿态算法研究

GPS姿态系统是利用GPS载波相位测量来确定载体的航向和姿态角。本文对微卫星的GPS姿态系统进行了研究。重点解决短基线的GPS状态算法，讨论了姿态价格函数的了小化方法。测试结果表明，所提的算法对小于1m的基线是有效的。