虚拟扩展成像在大视场姿态角测量中的应用

对基于光电准直和针孔成像原理的姿态角测量系统,提出一种虚拟扩展成像面技术,对图像传感器成像面进行复用,虚拟扩大系统的测量视场.基于反射不对称的针孔光阑设计,实现一种光斑模式识别方法,对光斑质心和正反射模式进行识别,并进行虚拟成像面坐标扩展.通过计算机仿真,对识别结果进行了分析验证,表明这种方法对各种光斑模式都能准确识别,成倍扩大了测量视场.      

一种基于面源黑体的某型红外动态模拟靶标研制

基于某型导引头对目标体红外辐射特性和运动特性的仿真需求,研制了基于面源黑体的红外动态模拟靶标,用于模拟无穷远处的设定目标与背景温差,以及目标体在视场中的动态变化。介绍了该红外动态模拟靶标的基本原理、主要组成以及硬件系统设计和软件实现情况,并对其红外成像辐射特性以及动态性能指标进行了实验验证。     

一种基于面源黑体的某型红外动态模拟靶标研制

基于某型导引头对目标体红外辐射特性和运动特性的仿真需求,研制了基于面源黑体的红外动态模拟靶标,用于模拟无穷远处的设定目标与背景温差,以及目标体在视场中的动态变化。介绍了该红外动态模拟靶标的基本原理、主要组成以及硬件系统设计和软件实现情况,并对其红外成像辐射特性以及动态性能指标进行了实验验证。     

基于波前编码的红外光学系统低成本无热化设计

波前编码技术通过特殊面型的相位板对光束进行编码,拓展系统焦深,使之对热离焦不敏感,再结合数字图像处理,解码获得清晰图像,实现无热化设计。将波前编码技术应用在某一长波红外光学系统无热化设计中,对比了原光学系统和波前编码系统的点扩散函数、光学传递函数、模拟成像质量及公差分析。结果表明,波前编码技术可以为红外成像系统提供具有价格竞争力的无热化方案,可使红外光学系统在-40℃至60℃范围内获得良好且稳定的工作性能。     

大尺寸交会测量系统传感器布站优化分析

为提高目标定位精度,研究了多站交会大尺寸精密测量系统中传感器布站优化方法。首先,以电子经纬仪为例创建了多站交会测量系统基于传感器误差分离的优化布站数学模型;然后,分析了测量空间内的布站约束条件并对之进行了几何近似;最后,利用郭涛算法求解带有约束的非线性规划问题,得到布站空间内传感器最佳位置组合。仿真分析结果表明,该方法能够有效提高系统测量精度,可应用于多站交会测量现场布站过程。     

基于测量值模糊贴近度时空融合的多传感器融合方法

针对实际多传感器目标跟踪系统中,传感器测量值中的野值对状态估计的不利影响,该算法利用概率源合并理论和非负矩阵特征向量理论,算出k时刻空间上各传感器测量值与其他传感器测量值的综合贴近度,同时将k个时刻的空间上融合的模糊贴近度进行时间融合,以此确定每个传感器的权重。仿真结果表明,该算法有效地抑制了测量野值对测量融合值的不利影响,提高了系统的跟踪准确度。     

一种基于有限视场的移动机器人避障路径规划算法

 提出一种基于传感器的移动机器人避障路径规划算法。考虑到传感器存在视场范围限制的问题,算法仅利用当前单一视场内的有限环境信息,采用两种搜索模式,以机器人当前的运动方向、障碍物边界端点数据及目标点所在方向为依据,在当前视场中搜索合适的路径。这两种搜索模式保证了路径最终收敛到目标点。最后,通过仿真实例验证了算法的有效性。     

视觉跟踪坐标测量系统数学建模

提出了一种基于光学测头成像的单相机视觉跟踪坐标测量系统。该系统中引入了一个转动平台带动相机运动,使相机光轴始终对准运动的光学测头中某一个光点,保证光学测头成像在畸变比较小的像面中心附近。给出了系统的组成结构,通过空间变换和光学成像原理建立了系统的非线性跟踪测量数学模型,给出了利用Newton非线性迭代算法求解跟踪方程的具体算法,通过实验验证了所建立的模型和求解方法的正确性。最后,分析了转动角度误差对测量结果的影响。     

考虑弹体柔性振荡的全捷联导引头制导信息提取

随着拦截导弹弹体长细比的增加和直接侧向力的作用，拦截导弹上全捷联导引头量测信息严重受到弹体弹性振荡和控制力矩激励的影响，从而造成导弹制导精度的下降。针对现有惯导安装在弹体质心附近的振荡波腹处无法敏感导引头振荡的不足，提出了一种在导引头安装微机电陀螺器件测量振荡角速率，构造差分观测量的新状态模型，通过交互式多模型的容积卡尔曼滤波算法实现对视线角速度的解耦和精确提取。通过构建导弹六自由度制导与控制仿真模型，采用蒙特卡洛打靶仿真验证了算法的有效性。仿真结果表明模型重构后的滤波算法可以将弹体振荡的均方根误差压缩到0.5°以内并有效跟踪弹目视线角速率。     

复合导引头目标信息融合抗干扰技术研究

复合导引头由微波制导至红外制导的过程中,受干扰条件的影响,有可能出现错误交班。为了提高导引头应对干扰的能力,设计了一种微波/红外目标信息融合抗干扰方法,该方法利用微波与红外目标信息进行关联度检测,对跟踪微波与红外运动的趋势进行在线实时判断,及时做出干扰误交班判定。在进行了干扰误交班的情况下,MATLAB数字仿真结果表明,该算法能够准确有效地给出干扰误交班判断,从而保证了在干扰环境下对目标跟踪的稳定性。     

逆向工程中散乱数据点三角剖分的波前算法

提出一种改进的波前算法,从点云任意一点开始构造初始波前,通过匹配点的加入和三角形的形成,不断修正波前并向外扩展,从而对散乱数据点进行三角剖分.对不同测量手段得到的数据点的剖分结果表明,该算法速度快、网格质量高.剖分结果以翼边数据结构存储,供模型重构时使用.      

Learning in an immersive digital theater

The Houston Museum of Natural Science, in collaboration with Rice University has an outreach program taking portable digital theaters to schools and community sites for over five years and has conducted research on student learning in this immersive environment. By using an external independent evaluator, the effectiveness of NASA-funded Education and Public Outreach (EPO) projects can be assessed. This paper documents interactive techniques and learning strategies in full-dome digital theaters. The presentation is divided into Evaluation Strategies and Results and Interactivity Strategies and Results. All learners from grades 3–12 showed statistically significant short-term increase in knowledge of basic Earth science concepts after a single 22-min show. Improvements were more significant on items that were taught using more than one modality of instruction: hearing, seeing, discussion, and immersion. Thus immersive theater can be an effective as well as engaging teaching method for Earth and Space science concepts, particularly those that are intrinsically three-dimensional and thus most effectively taught in an immersive environment. The portable system allows taking the educational experience to rural and tribal sites where the underserved students could not afford the time or expense to travel to museums.     

Stochastic particle acceleration by the forced interaction of relativistic current sheets

We address the problem of interacting relativistic current sheets in self-consistent kinetic plasma simulations within the framework of the Particle-In-Cell model. The interaction is enforced in head-on collisions of up to 10 current sheets at relativistic bulk speeds. The simulations are motivated by the general problem of Poynting flux dissipation in ‘striped wind’ configurations presumably governing the relativistic outflows pervasive in pulsar winds and gamma-ray bursts. We identify the generation of non-thermal particles and formation of a stable power-law shape in the particle energy distributions f(γ) dγ ∝ γ^−s dγ. In 1D, a spectral index s ∼ 2 is observed and attributed to a stochastic Fermi-type acceleration mechanism. In 2D, the generic index of s ∼ 3–4 is retained as in previous simulations of individual current sheets. Whereas in 2D the high energy cut-off is constrained by the limited dissipation of magnetic energy, in 1D the process converts the bulk motion of current sheets towards directed particle momentum of an exclusive class of non-thermal particles.     

Scaling analysis and model estimation of solar corona index

A monthly average solar green coronal index time series for the period from January 1939 to December 2008 collected from NOAA (The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) has been analysed in this paper in perspective of scaling analysis and modelling. Smoothed and de-noising have been done using suitable mother wavelet as a pre-requisite. The Finite Variance Scaling Method (FVSM), Higuchi method, rescaled range (R/S) and a generalized method have been applied to calculate the scaling exponents and fractal dimensions of the time series. Autocorrelation function (ACF) is used to find autoregressive (AR) process and Partial autocorrelation function (PACF) has been used to get the order of AR model. Finally a best fit model has been proposed using Yule-Walker Method with supporting results of goodness of fit and wavelet spectrum. The results reveal an anti-persistent, Short Range Dependent (SRD), self-similar property with signatures of non-causality, non-stationarity and nonlinearity in the data series. The model shows the best fit to the data under observation.     

Development of a gas chromatography compatible Sample Processing System (SPS) for the in-situ analysis of refractory organic matter in martian soil: preliminary results

In the frame of the 2009 Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission a new sample preparation system (SPS) compatible with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) has been developed for the in situ analysis of complex organic molecules in the Martian soil. The goal is to detect, if they exist, some of the key compounds that play an important role in life on Earth including carboxylic acids, amino acids and nucleobases.     

基于LuGre模型的电液加载系统摩擦补偿

为了提高电液加载系统控制精度,针对摩擦问题提出了基于LuGre摩擦模型的前馈补偿方法.建立了用于摩擦仿真分析和补偿器设计的电液加载系统数学模型;通过实验获取并分析了相关的摩擦数据;基于实验数据进行LuGre模型参数辨识,把LuGre模型和辨识结果引入电液加载系统数学模型,并进行仿真结果与实际摩擦数据的对照,证明了LuGre摩擦模型的准确性.设计前馈补偿器,进行了实验对比,实验结果表明前馈补偿器可将摩擦产生的控制误差有效地降至未补偿时的30%左右.      

CoRoT and Kepler results: Solar-like oscillators

The space-borne observatories CoRoT (Convection Rotation and planetary Transits) and Kepler have provided photometric time series data of unprecedented precision for large numbers of stars. These data have revolutionized the fields of transiting exoplanets and asteroseismology. In this review some important asteroseismic results obtained using data from the CoRoT and Kepler space missions concerning stars that show solar-like oscillations are discussed. These results comprise, among others, measurements of the location of the base of the convection zone and helium second-ionization zone in main-sequence stars, the presence (or not) of core-helium burning in red-giant stars, as well as differential rotation in these stars.     

Radioactivity of the Moon and planets

In this report the main results of the study of radioactivity of the solar sistem bodies are considered. The radioactivity of the Moon and planets was measured by means of vehicles in situ. The radioactivity of the lunar samples, brought to the Earth was studied with laboratory equipment.     

Return to Europa: Overview of the Jupiter Europa orbiter mission

Missions to explore Europa have been imagined ever since the Voyager mission first suggested that Europa was geologically very young. Subsequently, the Galileo spacecraft supplied fascinating new insights into this satellite of Jupiter. Now, an international team is proposing a return to the Jupiter system and Europa with the Europa Jupiter System Mission (EJSM). Currently, NASA and ESA are designing two orbiters that would explore the Jovian system and then each would settle into orbit around one of Jupiter’s icy satellites, Europa and Ganymede. In addition, the Japanese Aerospace eXploration Agency (JAXA) is considering a Jupiter magnetospheric orbiter and the Russian Space Agency is investigating a Europa lander.