一种新型超高强铝锂合金薄板的时效行为与微观组织

为优化一种新型超高强Al-Cu-Li-X合金2 mm厚度薄板的热处理工艺,本文研究了其不同时效条件下的力学性能和微观组织。结果表明:预变形为6%时,T8态长时间(20~120 h)时效时可保持600MPa以上的抗拉强度。T8态时效时合金强化相为大量T1相(Al_2Cu Li)和部分θ'相(Al_2Cu),T6态时效时还可析出极少量S'相(Al_2CuMg)。预变形可促进T1相细小弥散析出,但抑制θ'相及S'相的析出。6%以下预变形可有效提高合金T8态时效的强度。6%以上预变形量的T8态时效合金中T1相密度明显增加,尺寸显著降低,θ'相减少,但相应合金抗拉强度的增量很小,而延伸率急剧下降;过大预变形(15%)则导致θ'相消失。     

预变形对Al-Cu-Mn-Mg-Ag合金的组织与力学性能的影响

采用显微硬度测试、拉伸力学性能测试、扫描电镜及透射电镜观察等分析手段,研究了预变形对Al-Cu-Mn-Mg-Ag合金的组织与力学性能的影响.结果表明:时效前的冷轧变形加速了Al-Cu-Mn-Mg-Ag合金的时效进程,提高了时效的峰值硬度,促进Ω相的析出,增加Ω相的数量.随着变形量的增加,合金时效过程中双阶段时效硬化的现象减弱,预变形小于10%时,时效过程中出现明显的双阶段时效硬化特征,预变形大于10%时,时效过程仅出现明显的单阶段时效硬化特征;随着预变形量的增加,合金的抗拉强度和屈服强度逐渐增加,延伸率逐渐降低.综合考虑合金的强度和塑性,Al-Cu-Mn-Mg-Ag合金的预变形量应为10%～20%.     

固溶对Al-Cu-Li-X合金组织和性能的影响

通过OM,SEM,TEM和力学性能测试等手段,研究了固溶处理对Al-Cu-Li-X合金组织和性能的影响.结果表明:2A97合金T6态(未拉伸态)在520℃固溶80min,淬火转移时间小于15s,水淬,获得了合适力学性能,抗拉强度为493MPa,屈服强度为415MPa,延伸率为7.3%.合金时效强化相以T1,θ′/θ″和δ′ 相为主.经510℃,520℃和530℃固溶水淬,再165℃时效18h,随固溶温度升高,强度和塑性趋于减小.在520℃固溶水淬,再165℃时效18h,随固溶时间延长,屈服强度趋于升高,延伸率先升后降低.随固溶温度升高和时间延长,可溶过剩相数量和体积分数减小.520℃固溶后时效,基体沉淀相T1,θ′/θ″和δ′ 相数量多,尺寸小,分布均匀.     

超塑变形对TC4 室温力学性能的影响

在T=880℃和ε=9.8 ×10-4 s-1下,进行了TC4圆筒件超塑成形试验,研究了超塑变形量对TC4室温强度、疲劳性能和金相组织的影响.结果表明:随着变形量的增加,晶粒尺寸增大.当超塑胀形延伸率e为55％时,晶粒尺寸由供应态的约8μm增加为约20 μm.随着e增加,TC4室温下的屈服强度、抗拉强度和条件疲劳强度降低.当e为55％时,材料的屈服强度、抗拉强度下降约7％;循环周期为106下的疲劳强度下降约10％.     

二次时效对微合金化的Al-Cu-Li 微观组织及力学性能的影响

通过常规力学性能、扫描电镜、透射电镜等测试分析方法研究了T8I6二次时效制度对Mg、Ag和Zn复合微合金化的Al-3.48Cu-1.44Li合金微观组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明,与单级时效相比,二次时效合金强度提高,而塑性略降;合金强度随第三级时效时间的延长进一步提高.最优的合金其抗拉强度(UTS)、屈服强度(YS)和延伸率分别为613.7、564.9 MPa和6.8％.合金的强化相主要为T1相,另有少量的θ'相和S'相.二次时效促进强化相,特别是T1相的二次沉淀,提高合金的强度,同时几乎不损失塑性.     

预拉伸处理对2 A97薄板组织和性能的影响

通过室温拉伸、腐蚀试验、TEM等手段,研究人工时效前预拉伸处理对2A97铝锂合金组织和性能的影响。结果表明：在相同时效工艺下,经3%的预拉伸变形后,2A97合金的强度和耐蚀性能都有较大提高,其中抗拉强度提高了32 MPa,晶间腐蚀等级变为点蚀等级;预拉伸处理促进了时效过程中T1相在晶内的均匀弥散析出,降低了δ′相的含量,抑制了晶界平衡相的析出,从而改善了合金的强度和耐蚀性能。     

热处理对激光选区熔化Al-Mg-Sc-Zr合金组织及性能影响

针对激光选区熔化Al-Mg-Sc-Zr合金强度提升以及与塑性合理匹配等问题,采用致密度最优工艺优化策略,获取了激光选区熔化成形Al-Mg-Sc-Zr最佳参数,并进行了时效与固溶热处理,研究了其对微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明：Al-Mg-Sc-Zr在激光功率为360～370 W、扫描速度为800～1000 mm/s、扫描间距为100μm及铺粉层厚为30μm时,致密度和组织缺陷最佳;时效或固溶热处理后,材料组织呈现交替分布细晶区和粗晶区,发生析出相增加强化,屈服与抗拉强度较沉积态得到提升;时效热处理相较固溶热处理,材料晶粒无明显长大,325℃/4 h时效热处理综合力学性能最佳,屈服强度为548 MPa、延伸率为11%;改变Al-Mg-Sc-Zr激光选区熔化成形材料热处理制度,可对其合金晶粒尺寸、析出相尺寸和密度进行控制,实现强度与塑性的合理匹配。     

固溶前退火处理对2050铝锂合金冷轧薄板力学性能与组织的影响

采用拉伸性能测试、电子背散射衍射分析(EBSD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM),研究了固溶前退火处理(300℃/4 h,400℃/2 h)对2050铝锂合金冷轧薄板T8时效后力学性能、晶粒组织和析出相的影响。研究结果表明:固溶前退火处理导致2050铝锂合金冷轧薄板固溶态不完全再结晶数量增多,晶粒长厚比增大,小角度晶界比例增加,同时使合金Goss织构密度增大。T8时效后主要强化相为T_1相和θ′相。固溶前退火处理可导致后续T8时效时T_1相在不同{111}_(Al)面上析出差异,其中部分{111}_(Al)面上T_1相析出减少,而预拉伸变形时承受高分切应力{111}_(Al)面上T_1相析出增加,从而影响合金的力学性能。固溶前300℃/4 h退火处理可使T8时效后合金屈服强度和抗拉强度提高,伸长率基本保持不变。     

低Cu含量Al-Mg-Si-Cu合金的T78双级时效

采用拉伸和加速腐蚀试验,分别测试了预时效（180℃）+再时效（190、200、210℃）对一种低Cu含量Al-Mg-Si-Cu合金拉伸性能和晶间腐蚀的影响,结果表明,延长预时效和再时效时间或提高再时效温度,合金强度逐渐降低,同时,腐蚀类型按晶间腐蚀→均匀腐蚀→坑蚀顺序演化。其中,经预时效（180℃/2~8 h）+再时效（200℃/6 h或210℃/2 h）处理,合金抗拉强度、屈服强度和延伸率分别为380~395 MPa、360~380 MPa和12%~15%,腐蚀类型为均匀腐蚀,实现强度与耐蚀性的良好配合。透射电镜观察表明,随着双级时效程度的增加,合金强度的降低源于基体β"相的减少及β'相和Q'相的增加;晶间腐蚀倾向的降低与晶界Q相大间距、断续分布有关;坑蚀的形成则与结晶Q相吸收周围析出相、形成基体无析出区有关。     

热处理对砂型铸造Mg-Gd-Y合金微观组织和力学性能的影响

通过金相观察(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)以及拉伸测试系统地表征和研究了热处理对砂型铸造Mg-Gd-Y合金微观组织和力学性能的影响。研究表明:固溶态GW94、GW74、GW44合金主要由α-Mg过饱和固溶体、铸态残留相Mg5(Gd,Y)以及固溶过程形成的方块相组成。随着Gd含量的增加,固溶态Mg-Gd-Y合金中方块相的体积分数不断增加;在同一时效温度下,合金达到时效峰值的时效时间缩短;室温下拉伸的固溶态、时效峰值态合金以及200和250℃下拉伸的时效峰值态合金的抗拉强度和屈服强度不断提高(固溶态合金屈服强度先降低后升高),但是伸长率却是不断降低。时效峰值态GW94合金表现出优越的力学性能,室温时其抗拉强度和屈服强度分别为300、247 MPa,而伸长率仅为0.9%;200和250℃拉伸时,时效峰值态GW94合金抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别为329、234 MPa和2.6%以及312、233 MPa和2.7%。时效峰值态GW94、GW74合金出现抗拉强度随温度升高而升高的反常力学行为。     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。     

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.