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采用无压反应熔渗法在1 550℃下将熔融Si或Si0.9Zr0.1浸渗入多孔C/C预制体中制备了高致密的C/C-SiC复合材料.系统研究了多孔C/C预制体中酚醛树脂热解碳(PIP-C)和化学气相渗透碳(CVI-C)对反应熔渗Si或Si0.Zr0.1的浸渗行为、反应程度、物相成分和微观组织的影响.结果表明:熔融Si或Si0.Zr0.1完全渗入到相邻碳纤维束间的大孔和碳纤维形成的小孔中,多孔PIP-C/C预制体较易浸渗,且反应较充分,熔渗Si0.9 Zr0.1后复合材料中除了生成大量SiC外,还有少量ZrC和ZrSi2生成,未发现游离Si.多孔PIP-C/C预制体中部分碳纤维与熔体反应,损伤纤维,而多孔CVI-C/C预制体中的沉积碳仅与熔体反应生成了一薄层,很好地保护了碳纤维,保持了碳纤维的高性能.提出反应熔渗制备C/C-SiC复合材料的形成机制:由初期的溶解-沉淀控制和后期的C向SiC层扩散控制为主. 相似文献
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采用基体改性技术将ZrC引入C/C复合材料中,制备了一种C/C-ZrC复合材料.借助X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜及能谱等手段,对材料的微观结构进行了表征,采用三点弯曲试验研究了材料的力学性能,讨论了ZrC的添加对复合材料断裂行为的影响.结果表明:引入的ZrC相在材料中分布较连续,与C/C复合材料相比,ZrC的引进使得复合材料的弯由强度有所提高,但断裂模式由假塑性变为脆性断裂,其原因与材料中碳纤维与基体较强的界面结合有关. 相似文献
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在斜纹碳布/碳纤维网胎、无纬布正交/碳纤维网胎针刺圆筒预制体的基础上,通过在其结构中增加角度缠绕连续纤维,设计和研制了新型结构针刺预制体,并对比研究了不同针刺预制体结构对圆筒C/C复合材料力学性能的影响.结果表明,无纬布正交铺层针刺C/C复合材料的层剪、轴向拉伸强度都高于斜纹碳布增强针刺C/C材料,其中轴向拉伸强度达到157.0 MPa,提高了83.0%;其层剪、轴向拉伸强度均有所提高,其最大分别可达到11.68和179.0 MPa,分别提高了22.6%和14%. 相似文献
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为了研究纤维表面状态对C/C-SiC复合材料微观组织和相成分的影响,将T300碳纤维在氮气氛围中进行不同温度的热处理后,采用液硅熔渗法制备了C/C-SiC复合材料。采用光电子能谱(XPS)对纤维表面成分进行了分析。结果表明:未处理纤维表面具有较高的氧含量,随着热处理温度的升高,纤维表面氧含量逐渐降低,导致纤维表面含氧官能团数目减少。扫描电镜(SEM)观察发现:未处理纤维增强的C/C预制体,孔隙尺寸较大且孔隙率低;而经1 500℃热处理纤维增强的预制体,孔隙尺寸较小但孔隙率高。随后对C/C预制体进行液硅熔渗处理,并对熔渗反应过程分析发现:由未处理纤维增强的预制体,液硅熔渗反应主要受溶解-沉淀和界面限制的扩散反应过程控制,获得的C/C-SiC复合材料中SiC基体相分布规则且含量较低,同时含有较高的残留Si;而经1 500℃热处理纤维增强的预制体,熔渗反应则主要受溶解-沉淀过程控制,获得的C/C-SiC复合材料中SiC基体含量多且分布较均匀,残留Si含量较少。 相似文献
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采用三维针刺的碳纤维预制体,通过化学气相渗透方法制备具有一定密度的C/C复合材料,然后采用反应熔体浸渗方法进行后续致密化处理,得到高致密度的C/SiC复合材料,系统研究了材料的组织结构特征、刹车性能以及摩擦磨损机理.在纤维束内部每根C纤维单丝之间由化学气相渗透的碳充填形成致密的C/C区域,而在纤维束之间则主要由反应熔体浸渗法生成的SiC、残留Si和C组成.C/SiC复合材料具有非常优异的摩擦磨损性能,摩擦系数变化规律呈典型的马鞍状.平均摩擦系数为0.34,摩擦性能稳定,磨损率低(1.9 μm/次·面);摩擦性能几乎不受湿度的影响,湿态衰减仅为2.9%.在摩擦磨损过程中,C/SiC复合材料的表面能够形成连续稳定的摩擦面,磨损表现为典型的磨粒磨损. 相似文献
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浆料浸渍结合反应熔渗法制备2D C/SiC-Zr B_2复合材料 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用XRD,SEM,EDS研究浆料浸渍结合反应熔渗法制备2D C/SiC-ZrB2复合材料的组成与结构,并测定了复合材料的弯曲强度.结果表明:采用单向加压依次渗入ZrB2微粉和酚醛树脂,能很好地将ZrB2微粉和树脂渗入到纤维束间,但熔融Si难以渗入到试样内部,复合材料的开气孔率和室温弯曲强度分别为18.3%和110MPa.采用ZrB2浆料真空浸渍,沉积碳基体后进行熔融渗Si,复合材料的开气孔率和室温弯曲强度分别为5.5%和230MPa. 相似文献
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有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。 相似文献
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LUO Cheng LIU Hua YANG Jia-ling LIU Kai-xin 《中国航空学报》2007,20(3):230-235
Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks. 相似文献
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The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation. 相似文献
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波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面:电子化(e-Enabled)运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境(GCE)。 相似文献
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临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控(TT&;C)与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联(ITU)国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比(SNR)、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。 相似文献
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基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。 相似文献
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Integrated Entry Guidance for Reusable Launch Vehicle 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
NING Guo-dong ZHANG Shu-guang FANG Zhen-ping 《中国航空学报》2007,20(1):1-8
A method for the implementation of integrated three-degree-of-freedom constrained entry guidance for reusable launch vehicle is presented. Given any feasible entry conditions, terminal area energy management interface conditions, and the reference trajectory generated onboard then, the method can generate a longitudinal guidance profile rapidly, featuring linear quadratic regular method and a proportional-integral-derivative tracking law with time-varying gains, which satisfies all the entry corridor constraints and meets the requirements with high precision. Afterwards, by utilizing special features of crossrange parameter, establishing bank-reversal corridor, and determining bank-reversals according to dynamically adjusted method, the algorithm enables the lateral entry guidance system to fly a wide range of missions and provides reliable and good performance in the presence of significant aerodynamic modeling uncertainty. Fast trajectory guidance profiles and simulations with a reusable launch vehicle model for various missions and aerodynamic uncertain-ties are presented to demonstrate the capacity and reliability of this method. 相似文献
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Wu Xianyu Li Xiaoshan Ding Meng Liu Weidong Wang Zhenguo 《中国航空学报》2007,20(6):488-494
In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances. 相似文献
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(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。 相似文献