轴向槽机匣处理提高离心压气机失速裕度的数值研究

为了提高-离心压气机设计转速下失速裕度,本文采用了轴向槽机匣处理方案,对实壁机匣和处理机匣压气机流场进行了数值模拟分析.计算结果表明:(1)轴向槽机匣处理可以使离心压气机失速裕度提高12%,但同时也带了损失,压气机峰值效率损失了约3%;(2)轴向槽机匣处理改善了压气机尖部流场结构,抑制了由间隙泄露涡引起的主流通道阻塞,这是压气机失速裕度提高的主要原因.     

离心压气机周向槽机匣处理方案的对比分析

为了提高一带小叶片离心压气机50%设计转速下失速裕度,设计了两套周向槽机匣处理方案,对实壁机匣和处理机匣压气机流场进行了数值模拟分析.计算结果表明:①第一套方案可以使压气机失速裕度提高10%,并且对压气机压比和效率影响很小,没有带来较大的压比和效率损失;②第一套方案对离心叶轮大叶片75%左右轴向弦长前尖部流场的改善是失速裕度提高的主要原因;③第二套方案没有提高压气机失速裕度,主要是由于开槽的位置不恰当和周向槽过深的原因.      

离心压气机流动控制机匣新型处理方式研究

为了提高某带小叶片离心压气机的稳定裕度,采用了新型的机匣处理方式,对机匣处理前后的压气机流场进行了数值模拟分析。计算结果表明:(1)在机匣处理后,离心压气机稳定特性得到一定的改善,失速点向小流量方向拓展,压气机流量裕度在100%设计转速下提高了3.5%,在90%设计转速下提高了2.5%;(2)在机匣处理后,相同流量下的压气机压比特性和效率特性都有一定程度的损失,流量在100%设计转速下小于2.15kg/s,在90%设计转速下小于2.00kg/s时,最大效率分别下降了约1.7%和约2.5%。     

旋转畸变条件下新型机匣处理扩稳效果试验

开展了一种新型机匣处理扩大轴流风扇/压气机稳定裕度的试验研究。在低速风扇试验台上模拟旋转进气畸变,分析此种畸变进气条件对压气机工作性能造成的影响,并且考察一种新型机匣处理的扩稳效果。旋转进气畸变下,压升-流量特性曲线失速边界向右下偏移,压气机失速裕度明显降低。新型机匣处理在旋转进气畸变条件下对风扇/压气机有显著的扩稳效果,较小畸变转速(200,500r/min)情况下,新型机匣处理能提高压气机稳定裕度10%~20%,同时并没有带来明显的效率损失;畸变转速为800r/min情况下,机匣处理的扩稳效果相比并不明显,但可以提高压气机工作效率1%~2%。较大畸变转速情况下,畸变方向不同,机匣处理扩稳效果有所差别:正向畸变时机匣处理提高压气机失速裕度3%~10%,提高效率1%左右;而反向畸变时,失速裕度均提高10%以上,甚至达到20%,但压气机效率损失在1%左右。     

非定常机匣处理扩大压气机稳定裕度实验

从非定常角度出发,设计了一种通过改变斜槽和气室来调节壁面阻抗边界条件的非定常处理机匣,并对其开展扩大轴流风扇/压气机旋转失速稳定性的实验研究.研究工作包括:对非定常处理机匣进行流量-压比特性实验,研究其扩稳效果;对处理机匣的结构参数(斜槽、气室)进行可调节特性实验;对机匣处理的效率特性进行实验评估.结果表明:这种非定常机匣处理在三台低速风扇/压气机实验台上,通过调节机匣参数,不仅能够实现在不同的工作转速下对压气机稳定裕度有显著效果,而且效率没有明显改变.      

离心压气机失速模式及自循环机匣处理的作用机制

通过对离心压气机不同转速下实壁机匣和处理机匣两种状态流场的数值模拟,研究了失速模式随转速的变化及不同失速模式下机匣处理作用机制的转变.结果表明:随转速的降低,失速模式由100%设计转速时的扩压器失速逐步向导风轮失速过渡,导风轮失速也经历了由80%设计转速时的端壁失速和叶片前缘失速向50%设计转速的通道大范围完全失速的发展过程.自循环机匣处理对离心压气机失速裕度和效率的影响都与失速模式紧密相关,其扩稳作用仅对80%设计转速时的叶片前缘失速有效.在80%左右设计转速,机匣处理使主流效率有朝大流量工况点变化的趋势,从而使效率降低.当转速低至50%设计转速时,主流通道形成大范围回流区,机匣处理的二次回流可以减少叶轮对通道回流区气流的做功量,从而提高效率.      

折线斜缝式机匣处理的实验研究及机理分析

本文在吸收了传统处理机匣优点的基础上,根据本校单级轴流压气机的结构参数,设计了一种新型的折线斜缝式处理机匣。在中低转速下,在单级轴流压气机上对其性能进行了详细的研究,得出了该种处理机匣的扩稳效果及轴向叠合量、背腔容积对压气机裕度及效率的影响。研究结果表明,该类处理机匣不仅可以有效的改进稳定工作裕度,而且可以使效率有所提高。文中对折线斜缝式机匣处理的机理也进行了分析。      

变转速下跨声速压气机的耦合扩稳方法

为了探索在不同转速下均可有效提高压气机失速裕度的扩稳方法，以跨声速压气机为研究对象，利用缝式机匣处理和叶顶喷气进行耦合设计，并参数化研究了缝数目、缝长、缝宽及喷嘴周向宽度对压气机性能的影响规律，结合非定常数值模拟揭示了耦合型机匣处理的扩稳机理。研究结果表明，在100%、80%、60%转速下，压气机失速裕度分别提高9.31%、8.26%、8.68%,设计点效率分别降低0.77%、0.23%、0.41%。缝数目、缝长、缝宽是影响压气机失速裕度及效率的显著因素，而喷嘴周向宽度对压气机失速裕度及效率的影响较小。耦合型机匣处理内形成了抽吸、喷气的耦合流动循环，耦合强度的增加有利于压气机失速裕度的提高，但会降低压气机效率。耦合型机匣处理提高了叶顶负荷，但降低了叶顶泄漏强度，极大消除了叶顶泄漏涡引起的叶顶堵塞，这是压气机失速裕度提高的主要原因。耦合型机匣处理具有在不同转速下均能有效扩稳的潜力。     

斜沟槽型处理机匣对压气机性能影响的数值研究

采用数值模拟方法,研究了不同沟槽深度和开槽位置的斜沟槽型处理机匣对压气机气动性能的影响。结果表明,叶尖间隙较小时,与光壁机匣相比,机匣处理后压气机堵点流量提高,最大效率基本不变,稳定工作裕度下降;叶尖间隙较大时,机匣处理后压气机最大效率不变,堵点流量、压比和稳定工作裕度提高。适当减小开槽点与转子叶尖前缘距离,可在不损失效率的情况下提高压气机近失速点压比。斜沟槽型处理机匣对流动的影响:一是流通面积增加和斜坡带来的收缩通道作用,有助于缓解叶尖流动堵塞,降低损失;二是机匣突然升高造成后台阶流动分离,造成较大的总压损失和效率下降。     

非轴对称处理机匣的周向处理范围的实验

为了解决传统处理机匣对压气机"扩稳降效"的现象,打破处理机匣结构的轴对称传统,并设计了5种不同周向分布范围的非轴对称处理机匣.实验结果显示压气机的稳定裕度随非轴对称处理机匣的周向处理槽数的增多而单调增加,而效率则随处理槽数的增多先增加后减小.当非轴对称处理机匣的周向处理范围为120°时,能使压气机的稳定裕度和效率均有所增加,起到"扩稳增效"的效果.初步分析其原因是非轴对称的机匣结构改变了压气机叶尖的非定常流动.      

Response and stabilization of a two-stage axial flow compressor restricted by rotating inlet distortion

This paper considers effects of Rotating Inlet Distortion (RID) on a two-stage axial compressor and the stabilization effects of a casing treatment subjected to the considered RID. In multi-spool engines, the downstream compressor suffers a RID when the upstream fan/compressor is in rotating stall. A controlled rotating sectional screen upstream of the compressor was adopted to generate the RID in different intensities, and co- or counter spinning direction compared with the rotor. The response of the compressor to inlet distortion was interpreted as the changes of stall margin. Results show that there are two peaks for the stall margin degradation where the distortion screen rotates near 20% and 70% of the rotor’s rotational frequency, respectively. Based on the measurements taken during the pre-stall process, it is suggested that the two frequencies are associated with the eigen frequencies of the compressor. Specifically, the first is associated with a stall precursor that is suspected as an initial disturbance existing in compressor and the second is related to a spike-type stall precursor. At last, a kind of Stall Precursor-Suppressed (SPS) casing treatment was applied to enhance the compressor stability in RID conditions. The result indicates that the stall margin is improved by 6% at an average level and there is nearly no efficiency loss caused by the application of such casing treatment.     

Influence of SPS casing treatment on axial flow compressor subjected to radial pressure distortion

The present work is about the stall margin enhancement ability of a kind of stall precursor-suppressed (SPS) casing treatment when fan/compressor suffers from a radial total pres-sure inlet distortion. Experimental researches are conducted on a low-speed compressor with and without SPS casing treatment under radial distorted inlet flow of different levels as well as uniform inlet flow. The distorted flow fields of different levels are generated by annular distortion flow gen-erators of different heights. The characteristic curves under these conditions are measured and ana-lyzed. The results show that the radial inlet distortion could cause a stall margin loss from 2% to 30% under different distorted levels. The SPS casing treatment could remedy this stall margin loss under small distortion level and only partly make up the stall margin loss caused by distortion in large level without leading to perceptible additional efficiency loss and obvious change of charac-teristic curves. The pre-stall behavior of the compressor is investigated to reveal the mechanism of this stall margin improvement ability of the SPS casing treatment. The results do show that this casing treatment delays the occurrence of rotating stall by weakening the pressure perturbations and suppressing the nonlinear amplification of the stall precursor waves in the compression system.     

Experimental investigation on SPS casing treatment with bias flow

Generally, casing treatment（CT） is a passivity method to enhance the stall margin of fan/compressor. A novel casing treatment based on the small disturbance theory and vortex and wave interaction suggestion is a method combining passive control and active control, which has been proved effective at enhancing the stall margin of fan/compressor in experiment. In order to investigate the mechanism of this kind of casing treatment, an experimental investigation of a stall precursor-suppressed（SPS） casing treatment with air suction or blowing air is conducted in the present paper. The SPS casing treatment is designed to suppressing stall precursors to realize stall margin enhancement in turbomachinery. The experimental results show that the casing treatment with blowing air of small quantity can improve the stall margin by about 8% with about 1% efficiency loss. By contrast, the SPS casing treatment with micro-bias flow does not improve the stall margin much more than that without bias flow, even worse. Meanwhile, the present investigation has also attempted to reveal the mechanism of stall margin improvement with the casing treatment.It is found that the stall margin improvements vary with the modification of the unsteady shedding flow and the unsteady wall boundary impedance. The experimental results agree fairly well with the theoretical prediction using a flow stability model of rotating stall.     

处理机匣激励频率对跨声速压气机性能的影响

通过改变处理机匣槽数来改变处理机匣对压气机内部流场的非定常激励频率,对4种激励频率下压气机性能进行了测试。实验结果表明,处理机匣槽数对应的非定常激励频率是影响压气机性能的关键因素之一。通过优化处理机匣对压气机非定常激励的频率,压气机性能可以得到全面提升:对于实验用跨声速压气机,在近设计转速下峰值效率、综合裕度和最大流量分别提高0.17%,19.86%和0.81%,而在低转速下这三个增量最大分别可达到1.13%,57.84%和1.57%。     

部分处理机匣的性能预估模型

利用进气畸变平行压气机理论划分子压气机的思想,将部分处理机匣压气机沿周向分为处理机匣子压气机和实壁机匣子压气机,再由动量守恒和能量守恒求得部分处理机匣压气机出口参数,并依据失速点流量与处理区周向角度呈线性关系的实验结论提出部分处理机匣性能预估模型假设.模型预估与实验对比结果表明:预估特性与实验特性曲线在整体趋势上一致.跨声速条件下98%设计转速峰值效率预估偏差小于0.5%,综合裕度预估偏差小于0.6%.