CO2短路过渡焊接的单片机控制

本文根据ＣＯ２短路过渡焊接过程的特点，提出了一种ＩＧＢＴ逆变电源的单片机控制方法，旨在降低ＣＯ２短路过渡焊接的飞溅和改善焊后成形。     

某大型空间航天器带法兰异构壁板精密成形工艺研究

针对某大型空间航天器带法兰异构壁板薄厚不一致、刚度不均匀、在成形过程中容易产生断裂的难题,利用ABAQUS对整体壁板压弯成形过程进行了有限元分析,讨论了直接压弯成形过程中易产生缺陷的部位和原因。结果表明,壁板直接压弯成形加强筋及其交汇处应力集中,应力值最大,为成形过程的薄弱区,容易产生失稳及断裂。针对该情况,提出了柔性补强压弯成形工艺方法,并进行了成形工艺实验验证,实验结果表明,采用该方法成形的壁板蒙皮与加强筋表面质量良好,曲率均匀,无缺陷,满足尺寸精度要求;最后,在有限元模拟及工艺验证实验的基础上,利用柔性补强技术和分段压弯成形技术相结合的方法,解决了带法兰异构壁板传统成形法兰过渡处易断裂的成形难题,实现了该大型空间航天器多种带法兰异构壁板的成形制造。     

填充焊丝对6061铝合金激光焊缝成形的影响

采用ER5356焊丝研究了光丝间距对焊丝进入熔池的熔滴过渡方式的影响,对比分析了送丝速度、焊丝成分对焊缝成形的影响规律.结果表明:不同范围内的光丝间距,导致焊接过程中的熔滴过渡方式不同;相对于颗粒过渡,表面张力过渡方式更有利于获得较好的焊缝成形;送丝速度对焊缝熔宽的影响不大,但对焊缝正面余高和背面下塌量的影响较为显著;相对于ER4043焊丝,ER5356焊丝更适于6061铝合金的激光填丝焊接.     

方坯叶片电解成形规律的探讨

从电解加工过渡过程公式出发，分析了方料毛坯叶片型面直接电解成形的特殊规律，讨论了方坯阴极反拷法的制造过程，提出了基干提高方坯叶片电解成形精度的措施。     

两个复杂零件的压延成形

前言以下介绍两个复杂零件的压延成形工艺和模具结构,它们的主要特点是:零件是由圆、圆锥、矩形等形状组合而成,且有带弧度的宽凸缘,形状复杂,不易取压延过渡模,采用手工成形或半机械化半手工方法成形,很难达到零件的要求,一度成为工厂的生产关键。后来,我们进行了反复试验,得到了较佳途径,即采用较少的工艺装备,达到全机械化,保证了零件的质量。     

复杂外形航空发动机TC4钛合金宽弦空心风扇叶片弯扭成形

弯扭成形是钛合金空心风扇叶片制造中一种有效的辅助成形手段,赋予空心叶片毛坯理想的过渡形状,改善工艺性。针对应用于大涵道比涡扇发动机的TC4钛合金宽弦空心风扇叶片的工艺试验件,研究适用于复杂外形叶片的单轴扭转与双轴扭转两种弯扭方法,提出了夹头运动参数的设计方法,分析了机构的运动规律以及成形原理。基于有限元模拟,研究了扭转方式以及弯扭路径等关键工艺参数对于制件外形、变形区分布、扭转力矩以及表面缺陷的影响,并进行了弯扭实验。结果表明,采用单轴扭转方式,弯扭温度为750℃,叶尖夹头扭角为20.4°,扭转速度为0.68(°)/min,能够将平板毛坯成形出合理的过渡形状。弯扭后面板上出现了失稳凹陷,与有限元结果一致。     

TC2钛合金薄壁型材下陷成形工艺参数分析及优化

采用试验和计算机模拟相结合的方法，对TC2钛合金薄壁型材的单边下陷成形工艺开展研究。通过在室温至600℃范围内对TC2合金型材的热拉伸变形行为进行分析，建立了该型材热拉伸的Johnson-Cook本构模型。在此基础上，对L截面TC2钛合金型材的单边下陷过程进行计算机模拟，分析了下陷过程中型材应力、应力三轴度的分布。结果表明，下陷区L拐角处容易产生应力集中，由于变形前段该区域的应力三轴度R_d>0，呈拉应力状态，因此微裂纹容易在应力集中处形核并沿型材纵向扩展。通过对成形温度、下陷段长度和过渡圆角半径进行优化，得到最佳工艺参数条件为成形温度300℃，下陷区长度21 mm，过渡圆角半径49 mm。     

GH536帽罩翻边成形特性影响的数值分析

针对GH536燃烧室帽罩翻边异形孔边缘应力及变形难以控制问题,进行了翻边成形有限元研究,根据凸模形状及合模方式的不同,建立了3组翻边成形数值模型,探究了凸模形状及合模方式对GH536帽罩翻边成形异形孔边缘及环形凸起区域应力、塑性应变分布的影响,结果显示,凸模前缘过渡特征可增加成形区域应力分布均匀性,帽罩环形凸起区域两侧...     

基于CATIA系统的复杂零件建模倒角设计方法探索

CATIA V5系统是当前中国飞机制造企业中最常用的设计和生产软件,对于飞机大多数壁板零件的加工,首先需要对其建立三维展开数学模型,再进行数控铣削,最后弯曲成形。在弯曲成形过程中,筋条与腹板通常通过倒角过渡,避免因应力集中所导致成形时壁板的破裂。由于飞机曲面结构一般比较复杂,存在很多倒角无法成功的问题。为防止弯曲成型所导致的零件损坏,本文提出了3种方法来解决倒角问题,即"装配修剪法"、"误差圆化倒角法"、"负实体倒角法"。     

纤维缠绕的曲面架空分析及其应用

针对诸如壳体－喷嘴一体化的固体火箭发动机过渡段、环壳燃料箱等复杂型面的缠绕，应用曲面理论和力学分析方法，研究了纤维缠绕的成型压力与曲面几何的关系，进而确定了一般曲面、负荷斯曲面、环壳以及过渡段缠绕过程的纤维架空条件与判据，为复杂型面的缠绕成形奠定基础。     

TA15 钛合金等温局部加载各加载区的组织和性能

研究了不同加载方式下TA15钛合金方坯先加载区、过渡区和后加载区的组织和力学性能。结果表明:只采用局部加载时,先加载区和后加载区的室温和高温性能优于过渡区的性能,各区的持久性能差别不大;采用先局部后整体的加载方式时,过渡区的室温和高温性能优于其他两个加载区,但过渡区的持久性能明显较差。只采用局部加载时,各区的组织性能优于先局部后整体加载时各区的组织性能。     

Accurately predicting hypersonic transitional flow on cone via a symmetry approach

A new algebraic transition model is proposed based on a Structural Ensemble Dynamics (SED) theory of wall turbulence, for accurately predicting the hypersonic flow heat transfer on cone. The model defines the eddy viscosity in terms of a two-dimensional multi-regime distribution of a Stress Length (SL) function, and hence is named as SED-SL. This paper presents clear evidence of precise predictions of transition onset location and peak heat flux of a wide range of hypersonic Transitional Boundary Layers (TrBL) around straight cone at zero incidence, to an unprecedented accuracy as validated by over 70 measurements for varying five crucial influential factors (Mach number, temperature ratio, cone half angle, nose Reynolds number and noise level). The results demonstrate the universality of the postulated multi-regime similarity structure, in characterizing not only the spatial non-uniform distribution of the eddy viscosity in hypersonic TrBL on cone, but also the dependence of the transition onset location on the five influential factors. The latter yields a novel correlation formula for transition center Reynolds number which takes similar functional form as the SL function within the symmetry approach. It is concluded that the SED-SL model simulates TrBL around cone with uniformly high accuracy, and then points out to an optimistic alternative way to construct hypersonic transition model.     

Transition control of a tail-sitter unmanned aerial vehicle with L1 neural network adaptive control

The main task of this work is to design a control system for a small tail-sitter Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV) during the transition process. Although reasonable control performance can be obtained through a well-tuned single PID or cascade PID control architecture under nominal conditions, large or fast time-varying disturbances and a wide range of changes in the equilibrium point bring nonlinear characteristics to the transition control during the transition process, which leads to control prec...     

半波GLM方法封闭的湍流方程对转捩过程的数值模拟

ＴＲＡＮＳＩＴＩＯＮＳＩＭＵＬＡＴＩＯＮＵＳＩＮＧＧＬＭ－ＥＭＢＡＳＥＤＣＬＯＳＥＤＥＱＵＡＴＩＯＮＳＯＦＴＵＲＢＵＬＥＮＣＥＧａｏＧｅ（４ｔｈＤｅｐｔ．ＢｅｉｊｉｎｇＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙｏｆＡｅｒｏｎａｕｔｉｃｓａｎｄＡｓｔｒｏｎａｕｔｉｃｓ，Ｂｅ...     

氮化硅的氧化机制研究

研究了氮化硅的氧化机制以及被动氧化至主动氧化的转捩温度,并结合试验结果做了分析。结果表明氮化硅在高温下极易炸裂,在被动氧化机制下生成氮气和SiO2薄膜,转捩温度和碳化硅材料基本一致。     

过渡段对爆震波衍射过程的影响分析

为了研究过渡段对爆震波衍射过程的影响,以氢气和氧气混合物为例,对不同过渡段张角下爆震波的衍射过程进行了数值模拟,结果表明,爆震波会在过渡段壁面产生反射激波,其强度随张角的减小而增大,同时,反射激波能将传入过渡段的爆震波分为3段,并在分界处产生高温、高压点,对爆震波从预爆管向主爆管的传播具有加强作用。模拟结果对预爆管起爆主爆震管实验中过渡段的选型有一定的参考意义。     

倾转旋翼无人机过渡段纵向控制策略设计研究

针对倾转旋翼无人机过渡段纵向控制问题,基于工程化应用要求,以某型倾转旋翼无人机为研究对象,首先综述了国内倾转旋翼机的研究进展与发展趋势.其次分析了过渡段气动特性变化,根据过渡阶段的升力来源,将整个过渡过程划分为变距操纵段与气动操纵段,并根据各个阶段的前飞速度与短舱角的关系,确定倾转过渡方案.然后以操纵舵面分配方案为基础,设计了过渡过程各阶段纵向控制策略,并通过仿真验证了策略的鲁棒性,实现了对象无人机的全过程飞行.最后讨论了控制策略的优缺点,并展望了倾转旋翼无人机的发展前景及其在控制领域面临的挑战.     

Turbulent Wagner problem with transition

Wagner problem is originally concerned with inviscid flow and unsteady force due to a small step motion, or attaining of a small angle of attack, of an airfoil in an initially uniform flow and has been studied recently for inviscid flow with large amplitude step motion. Here we propose to consider turbulent Wagner problem for a plate that is initially covered with a mixed laminar-boundary layer on both sides and is set into step motion of small or large amplitude and in direction normal to the plate. The evolution of skin friction and transition region in time are examined numerically. It is found that transition region unexpectedly changes direction of movement for small amplitude of step motion while global transition or laminarization exists for large amplitude step motion. The significance of this study is twofold. First, the present study treated a new and interesting problem since it combines two problems of fundamental interests, one is Wagner problem and the other is boundary layer transition. Second, the present study appears to show that the pressure gradient normal to the airfoil and caused by discontinuous step motion may have subtle influence on transition and the mechanism of this influence deserves further studies.     

Transition characteristics for a small tail-sitter unmanned aerial vehicle

Research on the transition phase of tail-sitter Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) is crucial for trajectory planning and performance analysis. This study focuses on the analysis of the transition characteristics and path of a small dual-rotor tail-sitter UAV, including static and dynamic computations. The system input time delay and actuator dynamics are specifically considered during the dynamic analysis, and these actual physical properties ensure that the computation results are reliable and reasonable. The UAV steady-state limit is obtained through static analysis, which is also adopted to verify the correctness of the dynamic results. In regard to the dynamic analysis, several typical transition approaches are computed based on different initial states and optimization objective functions, and the different computations are applicable under specific task conditions. The off-line dynamic results of the transition path and actuator output sequence could also be adopted as reference values for the transition process during real flight. A comparison of the static and dynamic results illustrates the necessity of combining these two methods for UAV transition characteristic analysis. Furthermore, the UAV conceptual parameters related to the transition path are also studied, and the obtained quantitative characteristics provide feedback for the UAV conceptual design.     

三向碳/碳材料转捩压力的测量

为评估三向碳/碳材料的烧蚀性能，在北京空气动力研究所研制的FD—04F电弧加热器上对三向碳／碳材料进行了滑行试验，测出了三向碳／碳材料的转接压力。试验结果表明：滑行试验在测量转接压力方面是有效的，并给出了三向碳／碳模型的转授压力数据和最终外形形状。