Analysis of optimal initial glide conditions for hypersonic glide vehicles

Hypersonic glide vehicles （HGVs） are launched by a solid booster and glide through the atmosphere at high speeds. HGVs will be important means for rapid long-range delivery in the future. Given that the glide is unpowered, the initial glide conditions （IGCs） are crucial for flight. This paper aims to find the optimal IGCs to improve the maneuverability and decrease the con- straints of HGVs. By considering the IGCs as experiment factors, we design an orthogonal table with three factors that have five levels each by using the orthogonal experimental design method. Thereafter, we apply the Gauss pseudospectral method to perform glide trajectory optimization by using each test of the orthogonal table as the initial condition. Based on the analytic hierarchy process, an integrated indicator is established to evaluate the IGCs, which synthesizes the indexes of the maneuverability and constraints. The integrated indicator is calculated from the trajectory opti- mization results. Finally, optimal IGCs and valuable conclusions are obtained by using range anal- ysis, variance analysis, and regression analysis on the integrated indicator.     

利用试验设计法建立翼型气动特性的人工神经网络模型

建立了翼型气动特性预测的BP(Back Propagation)神经网络模型,重点研究了3种选取训练样本的试验设计(DOE)法:完全析因法、正交设计法和均匀设计法,对BP神经网络预测精度的影响,利用所建立的BP神经网络对FX63-137翼型几何型线进行了优化设计。研究结果表明:在因素数和水平数较少时,完全析因法、正交设计法及均匀设计法的平均测试误差分别为0.002%、0.029%、0.023%;在因素和水平数较多时,完全析因法的样本规模太大而不再适合,正交设计法和均匀设计法的平均测试误差分别为0.42%和0.15%,均匀设计法的预测精度更高,更适合于翼型气动特性预测的人工神经网络模型。优化后翼型的升阻比在迎角为0°~18°范围内均高于原始翼型,在迎角为1°、4°和15°时升阻比分别提高了4.38%、1.38%和5.51%。该研究方法及成果可以应用于翼型的多参数优化设计。     

斜齿圆柱齿轮正交法参数优化设计

用正交法对斜齿圆柱齿轮传动进行参数优化设计 ,用方差分析法找出对质量影响最显著的因素 ,最后 ,由信噪比作为指标选出最佳参数组合 ,这是一种快速创新开发产品的设计方法。     

装药几何参数不确定性优化设计

1引言固体火箭发动机装药设计,一般要求在满足发动机内弹道性能和相关约束条件下,选择药型并确定其几何参数,同时综合考虑燃烧室壳体内部绝热层、衬层和人工脱粘层的设计要求。装药设计作为发动机设计的核心,其设计质量很大程度决定了发动机性能优劣。航天飞机固体助推火箭发动     

多目标进化算法和代理模型技术在气动稳健优化设计中的应用

通过与传统优化方法的优缺点对比,提出针对飞行器环境参数存在不确定性影响时的气动稳健优化设计模型,并应用多目标进化算法和代理模型技术对稳健模型进行优化设计研究。提供了翼型稳健性优化实例,通过选择合适的翼型参数化方法和CFD求解程序以及不确定性分析方法,得到了稳健设计结果的Pareto前缘图。从其中选择的设计结果可以看出,稳健设计结果表现出更稳定的特性,证明了稳健设计的优势所在。     

A global solution for robust parameter design of aeronautical electrical apparatus based on interactions analysis and polynomial fitting

Robust Parameter Design (RPD) has been widely applied for improving quality and reliability of products. One of the key drawbacks of applying RPD using Taguchi method is that the stable factors may not be independent of the adjustment factors, resulting in unsatisfactory design. Moreover, the Taguchi method cannot guarantee global optimality since the levels set in the experiment are usually discrete to ensure orthogonal design. In this paper, robust solutions of the stable factors are obtained via a nonlinear model based on polynomial fitting; while the adjustment factors are obtained via interactions analysis so that they are independent of the stable factors. In particular, the values of the adjustment factors are determined by output offset compensation so as to achieve robustness of the design scheme. An example on the design of an aeronautical electrical apparatus is presented to illustrate the procedure. The results show that the proposed method can take full advantage of the nonlinearity in the response and achieve the desired outcome.     

吻切锥乘波构型参数化设计与正交试验分析

为了获得外形控制参数对吻切锥乘波构型性能的影响程度,通过分析吻切锥乘波构型的生成特点和生成方法,在其参数化设计的基础上,运用正交试验设计方法分析了各个控制参数乘波构型性能的影响,确定了对气动性能和容积率影响较大的参数,为进一步合理确定优化空间和优化策略提供指导。运用CFD方法对典型外形进行了性能分析,结果显示:吻切锥乘波构型具有较高升阻比,下表面中心区流动均匀,可为高超声速飞行器机身/进气道一体化提供参考。作为应用,基于正交试验结果设计了以吻切锥乘波构型作为前体的一个高超声速飞行器,验证了设计方法的合理性。     

A gradient-based method assisted by surrogate model for robust optimization of turbomachinery blades

The design optimization taking into account the impact of uncertainties favors improving the robustness of the design. A Surrogate-Assisted Gradient-Based(SAGB) method for the robust aerodynamic design optimization of turbomachinery blades considering large-scale uncertainty is introduced, verified and validated in the study. The gradient-based method is employed due to its high optimization efficiency and any one surrogate model with sufficient response accuracy can be employed to quantify the ...     

锥导乘波构型设计、优化与分析

乘波构型是高超声速飞行器高升阻比气动布局设计的参考外形之一,设计中需要综合考虑升阻比、容积率和容积等要求。在锥导乘波构型参数化设计的基础上,采用工程估算和计算流体力学相结合的方法,通过正交试验设计分析了不同参数对目标影响的敏感性,合理选择设计参数优化区间,应用改进的多目标遗传算法对乘波构型进行了优化设计,针对优化外形开展了气动性能的数值模拟研究,并在高超声速炮风洞中完成了缩比模型的验证性实验。结果表明:优化设计外形具有良好的升阻比,且在一定攻角范围内升阻比较高,数值模拟和实验分析基本吻合。研究结果可为高超声速滑翔式飞行器的设计提供参考。     

航空齿轮减速器稳健优化设计研究

航空齿轮减速器通常对重量、强度、效率以及可靠性有极高的要求,考虑到其所处工况的随机性、工艺水平的差异性以及材料强度等力学性能参数的波动性,传统的确定性参数优化设计已不能满足工程实际的需求。在传统的确定性优化设计模型的基础上,基于6σ稳健设计基本理论建立齿轮传动系统的多目标稳健设计优化模型,并采用NSGA-Ⅱ多目标优化算法进行求解;以某航空齿轮减速器中单级斜齿圆柱齿轮系统为研究对象进行实例分析。结果表明:本文提出的基于6σ稳健设计理论的齿轮传动系统优化模型充分考虑了不确定性因素对优化的影响,具有一定的工程应用价值。     

高雷诺数二维充气机翼构形的气动特性

针对基于二维充气机翼的构形特征进行高雷诺数条件下的气动特性分析.首先通过对二维充气机翼构形特征的设计,建立了描述逼近程度的误差参数和若干模型;进一步运用数值方法,通过与标准翼型的对比,分析充气机翼的气动性能及其误差参数的敏感性.数值结果表明:在高雷诺数条件下,充气机翼的气动性能相对于标准翼型有所降低.同时,结合对流场特征的分析,从机理上解释二维充气机翼与标准翼型气动性能差异形成的原因,即导致总的阻力系数明显增加的主要原因是其凹凸起伏的表面对充气机翼表面压力分布所引起的变化,局部压力升高从而大幅增加了压差阻力.      

Global aerodynamic design optimization based on data dimensionality reduction

In aerodynamic optimization, global optimization methods such as genetic algorithms are preferred in many cases because of their advantage on reaching global optimum. However, for complex problems in which large number of design variables are needed, the computational cost becomes prohibitive, and thus original global optimization strategies are required. To address this need, data dimensionality reduction method is combined with global optimization methods, thus forming a new global optimization system, aiming to improve the efficiency of conventional global optimization. The new optimization system involves applying Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) in dimensionality reduction of design space while maintaining the generality of original design space. Besides, an acceleration approach for samples calculation in surrogate modeling is applied to reduce the computational time while providing sufficient accuracy. The optimizations of a transonic airfoil RAE2822 and the transonic wing ONERA M6 are performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed new optimization system. In both cases, we manage to reduce the number of design variables from 20 to 10 and from 42 to 20 respectively. The new design optimization system converges faster and it takes 1/3 of the total time of traditional optimization to converge to a better design, thus significantly reducing the overall optimization time and improving the efficiency of conventional global design optimization method.     

Application of a PCA-DBN-based surrogate model to robust aerodynamic design optimization

An efficient method employing a Principal Component Analysis (PCA)-Deep Belief Network (DBN)-based surrogate model is developed for robust aerodynamic design optimization in this study. In order to reduce the number of design variables for aerodynamic optimizations, the PCA technique is implemented to the geometric parameters obtained by parameterization method. For the purpose of predicting aerodynamic parameters, the DBN model is established with the reduced design variables as input and the aerodynamic parameters as output, and it is trained using the k-step contrastive divergence algorithm. The established PCA-DBN-based surrogate model is validated through predicting lift-to-drag ratios of a set of airfoils, and the results indicate that the PCA-DBN-based surrogate model is reliable and obtains more accurate predictions than three other surrogate models. Then the efficient optimization method is established by embedding the PCA-DBN-based surrogate model into an improved Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) framework, and applied to the robust aerodynamic design optimizations of Natural Laminar Flow (NLF) airfoil and transonic wing. The optimization results indicate that the PCA-DBN-based surrogate model works very well as a prediction model in the robust optimization processes of both NLF airfoil and transonic wing. By employing the PCA-DBN-based surrogate model, the developed efficient method improves the optimization efficiency obviously.     

Robust optimization of control command for aerospace vehicles with aerodynamic uncertainty

To reduce the design burden of Aerospace Vehicles(ASVs) control systems, this paper proposes a multi-constrained robust trajectory optimization method, which provides a good front-end input for the control system. Differ from the conventional aircraft, some control performance of ASVs is not only related to the model parameters, but also affected by the flight status.Therefore, the robust optimization method combines this characteristic of ASVs, sets the control performance as one of the optimiz...     

一种面向飞机族的结构优化方法

 飞机族是一组共享通用部件或子系统的、但性能或使用要求不同的相关飞机产品的集合。针对通用模块化飞机族结构优化问题,提出一种基于代理模型的二级优化方法。该方法将结构优化分为两个层次：通用模块结构优化层次和专用模块结构优化层次。这种方法不但流程简单,且各层次的设计变量和约束较少,并且专用模块优化层次之间具有独立性,易于实现并行设计。以某支线客机族的机翼结构优化问题为例,首先阐述飞机族结构优化模型,然后应用本文提出的二级优化方法求解支线客机族的机翼结构优化问题。优化结果表明该方法能成功解决飞机族的结构优化设计问题,能同时优化飞机族中各型号的结构参数。     

基于粒子群算法的极短弧定轨

针对经典的初轨计算方法在极短弧定轨中不适用的情况,建立了一种基于粒子群算法的极短弧(TooShort-Arc,TSA)定轨的计算方法。该方法将问题转化为两个三变量的分层优化问题,采用(a,e,M)作为优选变量,在保持问题维数较低的同时,实现了计算结果和观测资料的解耦。由于实测资料处理中的野值剔除方法不适用于粒子群算法,所以,采用稳健估计法,通过在适值函数中使用最小中值二乘准则,实现了稳健的极短弧计算方法。同时,应用MATLAB计算软件,选用缺省参数实现该算法,以进行数据验证。基于实测数据的数值验证表明,方法对于近圆轨道目标30s以下的弧段仍可以获得有效的结果,10s弧段误差仅为16km。此精度满足后续处理的需要,且方法稳健,具有很高的崩溃点。     

A high-fidelity design methodology using LES-based simulation and POD-based emulation: A case study of swirl injectors

Engineering design is undergoing a paradigm shift from design for performance to design for affordability, operability, and durability, seeking multi-objective optimization. To facilitate this transformation, significantly extended design freedom and knowledge must be available in the early design stages. This paper presents a high-fidelity framework for design and optimization of the liquid swirl injectors that are widely used in aerospace propulsion and power-generation systems. The framework assembles a set of techniques, including Design Of Experiment (DOE), high-fidelity Large Eddy Simulations (LES), machine learning, Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD)-based Kriging surrogate modeling (emulation), inverse problem optimization, and uncertainty quantification. LES-based simulations can reveal detailed spatiotemporal evolution of flow structures and flame dynamics in a high-fidelity manner, and identify important injector design parameters according to their effects on propellant mixing, flame stabilization, and thermal protection. For a given a space of design parameters, DOE determines the number of design points to perform LES-based simulations. POD-based emulations, trained by the LES database, can effectively explore the design space and deduce an optimal group of design parameters in a turn-around time that is reduced by three orders of magnitude. The accuracy of the emulated results is validated, and the uncertainty of prediction is quantified. The proposed design methodology is expected to profoundly extend the knowledge base and reduce the cost for initial design stages.     

充气结构机翼的设计和试验研究

为了减少无人机的结构重量,提高雷达隐身能力,充气结构机翼无人机是一种很有发展潜力的飞行器。首先讨论了一种充气机翼的设计方案与加工方法及对应的性能实验,其次着重介绍了充气机翼的翼型生成方法,最后通过实验与试飞论证了充气机翼在飞行中的可行性。     

Robust design and analysis of a conformal expansion nozzle with inverse-design idea

This paper examines robust optimization design and analysis of a conformal expansion nozzle of flying wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV) with the inverse-design idea.In view of flow features and stealth constraints, the inverse-design idea is described and the uncertainty-based robust design model is presented.A robust design system employs this model to combine deterministic optimization and robust optimization and is applied into design of a conformal expansion nozzle.The results indicate that design optimization can conform to the anticipation of the inversedesign idea and significantly improve the aerodynamic performance that meet the requirement of 6σ.The present method is a feasible nozzle design strategy that integrates robust optimization and inverse-design.     

挠性航天器动态输出反馈控制中的“溢出”管制方法

研究挠性空间飞行器控制系统鲁棒设计的动态输出反馈控制系统中的“溢出”管制问题,给出了抑制“溢出”的正交空间法和参数优化方法,而且通过在设计指标中引入对“溢出”的管制项,使控制系统最佳设计和“溢出”管制结合起来,达到了减少“溢出”,改善系统鲁棒性的目的。