时间限制性派遣中短时派遣时长的优化方法研究

航空发动机全权限电子控制系统(FADEC)的时间限制性派遣(TLD)分析是飞机系统安全性分析的重要内容之一。针对目前TLD分析中都假定短时故障派遣时长(ST)为固定值(125h或250h)的问题,开展了短时派遣时长的优化方法研究。采用故障树和马尔科夫方法,以推力控制丧失率(R)要求为约束,分析和建立了ST和长时故障派遣时长(LT)的函数关系;在此基础上,构建了以短(长)时故障派遣时长为变量,系统平均维修时长和带故障运行时长期望值为目标的多目标优化模型,使TLD分析中故障派遣时长的选取更灵活、更合理。通过实例表明:与ST取固定值250h相比,优化后ST取25h时,带故障运行时长期望增大4.2%,系统平均维修时长增大8.6%,验证了方法的有效性。     

基于iGMAS的国家标准时间精密授时系统

UTC是国际标准时间.UTC(NTSC)是UTC的物理实现之一,是我国的国家标准时间,也是我国一切授时业务的基础.目前,广泛应用的GNSS授时精度可达10～50ns.随着现代信息社会的快速发展,数十纳秒的授时精度及事后处理的工作模式已无法满足需求.针对上述问题,设计了基于iGMAS的国家标准时间精密授时系统(PTS).PTS的基本原理为:服务端基于iGMAS平台生成实时轨道及以UTC(NTSC)为参考的实时卫星钟差,用户端结合实时产品及伪距、载波相位观测数据,解算本地钟与UTC(NTSC)偏差.此外,搭建了PTS原型系统并展开测试分析,测试结果显示,基于PTS原型系统,各用户站授时精度均优于1ns.与GNSS授时技术相比,PTS将授时精度提高了1～2个量级,且基于国家标准时间授时,成本低廉,易于实现,具有应用前景.     

Guidance law with impact time and impact angle constraints

A novel closed-form guidance law with impact time and impact angle constraints is pro- posed for salvo attack of anti-ship missiles, which employs missile’s normal acceleration (not jerk) as the control command directly. Firstly, the impact time control problem is formulated as tracking the designated time-to-go (the difference between the designated impact time and the current flight time) for the actual time-to-go of missile, and the impact angle control problem is formulated as tracking the designated heading angle for the actual heading angle of missile. Secondly, a biased proportional navigation guidance (BPNG) law with designated heading angle constraint is constructed, and the actual time-to-go estimation for this BPNG is derived analytically by solving the system differential equations. Thirdly, by adding a feedback control to this constructed BPNG to eliminate the time-to-go errorthe difference between the standard time-to-go and the actual time-to-go, a guidance law with adjustable coefficients to control the impact time and impact angle simultaneously is developed. Finally, simulation results demonstrate the performance and feasibility of the proposed approach.     

建设工程项目工期优化分析

分析了传统的工期优化方法存在的不足，考虑建设项目提前投产的经济效益、缩短工期减少承包商固定资产占用带来的效益、缩短工期减少投资项目的固定资产及流动资金的上用时给业主带来的资金时间价值等因素，建立了工期优化的理论模型，与传统的工期——成本优化方法进行了比较分析，并给出了实用的优化方法。     

涡扇发动机超声速进气道实时数学模型

利用流场计算结果建立了反映飞行马赫数、攻角、斜板角度和风扇进口静压影响的超声速进气道多维实时数学模型。综合该进气道模型、某型涡扇发动机实时数学模型和实时喷管模型，建立了实时的推进系统数学模型。利用此模型研究了飞行马赫数、攻角、斜板角度和出口反压对涡扇发动机工作参数的影响。结果表明，该模型准确度高，实时性好，可完成推进系统的动静态过程仿真计算；并可用于进气道与发动机的匹配以及超声速进气道控制研究。     

遥控驾驶无人机时间延迟与飞行品质分析

时间延迟是影响遥控驾驶无人机飞行品质的一个重要因素,在有人驾驶飞机飞行品质标准中,存在有效时间延迟和等效时间延迟两种概念以及相应的评估指标。对比有人驾驶飞机时间延迟的概念,分析了无人机时间延迟的组成,从飞行品质的角度出发给出了无人机时间延迟的定义和测量方法。利用飞行试验的手段,在遥控操纵模式下进行了典型试飞任务的试验,并基于试飞数据和试飞员评价,初步给出了时间延迟的试飞评估方法。     

基于时间谱方法的振荡翼型和机翼非定常黏性绕流数值模拟

 传统的双时间方法在非定常计算中长时间的过渡迭代推进求解导致其计算效率相对较低,针对周期性非定常流动问题的流动特征,发展了一种基于离散傅里叶变换的高效时间谱方法,用于求解振荡翼型和机翼的非定常黏性绕流。在时空耦合的雷诺平均Navier-Stokes(RANS)方程的求解中,对流项的离散应用了Roe的通量差分格式,物理时间项的离散方法为时间谱方法,伪时间推进采用了隐式LU-SGS(Lower-Upper Symmetric Gauss-Seidel)格式。考虑到湍流的时空耦合效应,时空耦合的Spalart-Allmaras一方程湍流模型的物理时间项同样采用时间谱方法进行离散。为了进一步提高计算效率,当地时间步长和多重网格技术等加速收敛的措施均被采用。算例对俯仰振荡NACA0012翼型和Lann机翼的周期性非定常流场进行了数值计算。结果表明:对于周期性非定常流场的数值模拟,相比于传统的双时间方法,用时间谱方法近似物理时间项,不仅能够提高流场的计算精度,而且更能够大幅度提高计算效率。     

基于最优误差动力学的时间角度控制制导律

针对带有攻击时间和终端攻击角度约束的导弹制导问题,设计了一种基于最优误差动力学的时间角度控制制导律,并给出了明确的性能指标。推导广义最优角度控制制导律作用下的剩余飞行时间估算表达式,在广义最优角度控制制导律的基础上增加攻击时间误差反馈项,将攻击时间误差看做跟踪误差,设计的制导律使跟踪误差以最优模式在有限时间内收敛到零,最终实现攻击时间和终端攻击角度的共同控制。对不同参数下的情况进行仿真,验证了所提制导律的有效性。     

P-S-N曲线试验方案的统计模拟研究

 本文应用蒙特卡洛方法模拟测定材料P-S-N曲线的疲劳试验,确定丁做P-S-N曲线的最佳试验方案。节省大量试验时间和试样。     

含液体微胶囊复合镀镍、铜层的耐腐蚀性能研究

采用水相分离法中的单凝聚法制备了以明胶、聚乙烯醇为囊壁材料,润滑油、缓蚀剂、憎水剂等为囊心材料的液体微胶囊,并与镀铜、镀镍液中的金属离子复合电沉积得到含有高耐腐蚀性能的复合镀层。通过比较,含有防锈润滑油微胶囊的复合镀镍层在5%NaCl溶液中出现腐蚀锈点的时间是普通镀镍层的40倍以上;含苯并三氮唑缓蚀剂的微胶囊复合镀铜层耐氨水点滴及硝酸点滴腐蚀时间是普通镀铜层的3倍左右;含憎水剂微胶囊的复合镀铜层在硫酸溶液中的电极电位随时间变化规律和阳极极化曲线表明,其比普通镀铜层具有更好的耐腐蚀性。     

监听时间对声纳浮标阵检查性搜索效能影响仿真

以方形声纳浮标阵检查性搜索为背景,研究了监听时间对声纳浮标阵搜索效能的影响,给出了仿真结果并对仿真结果进行了分析。基本结论为:声纳浮标阵的搜索效能随监听时间的增加而提高;只要开始监听,就可以取得比较高的搜索概率;监听时间的增加和搜索效能的提高不是简单的线性关系,而是大致可区分为快速提高期、平稳提高期和滞涨期3个阶段。应根据作战条件和作战要求合理确定监听时间。     

Konus-W gamma-ray burst experiment for the GGS Wind spacecraft

The Konus-W experiment to be flown on board the GGS-Wind spacecraft is designed to observe gamma-ray bursts and solar flares with moderate spectral and high time resolution. Two large scintillators are used to provide omnidirectional sensitivity. The primary scientific objectives are the study of the continuum energy spectra and spectral features of these events in the energy range of 10 keV to 10 MeV, as well as their time histories in soft, medium, and hard energy bands, with a time resolution to 2 ms.     

实时分布式系统中的一种时钟同步技术

结合现代实时分布式系统对时钟的要求,讨论了这种系统中的时钟因素,分析了原来广泛研究的Lamport时钟修正算法的不足之处。然后指出使用绝对全局时钟进行节点之间的通信,而用绝对本地时钟作为处理机本地的时钟来进行计算以及其它各种操作。实践证明这是一种可行的技术。     

不同电极材料下ADN基液体推进剂电点火特性的实验研究

目前二硝酰胺铵(ADN)基液体推进剂在工程应用中均采用催化点火燃烧方式,而电点火可以避开催化剂高温失活、冷启动等问题。为了研究ADN基液体推进剂的电点火特性,在密封装置中开展了不同电极材料下推进剂液滴电点火实验,并研究了180V～230V电压范围内液滴着火延迟时间、着火持续时间以及燃烧过程的变化规律。结果表明:ADN基液体推进剂能够通过电阻加热点火方式点燃。采用钨丝电极时,着火延迟时间、着火持续时间和反应总时间均随着电压增加逐渐减小,在230V电压时相对于180V时分别减小了25%,56%和38%。采用钼丝电极时,着火延迟时间在180V～200V范围随着电压增加逐渐降低,在200V～230V电压范围内基本不变;着火持续时间总体上随着电压的增加而呈现略微增加的趋势,但增加幅度较小;反应总时间在180V～230V电压范围内基本稳定在1.5s左右。     

The future functionalities of the flight management system

The availability of new Communication, Navigation and Surveillance technologies provides the basis to move towards advanced Air Traffic Management (ATM) concepts. Some of these concepts will impact the airborne Flight Management System (FMS) by introducing new functions with different flight time horizons. In this discussion, two main flight time horizon are defined:The tactical flight time horizon is between 30s and 10mn ahead of the aircraft current position. Airborne separation from traffic, terrain and adverse weather will be introduced in this time horizon as a tactical function.The strategic flight time horizon is more than 10mn ahead of the aircraft current position. Weather datafusion, enroute inflight replanning assistance and air-ground trajectory negotiation will be introduced in this time horizon as strategic functions.The organisation of the associated future flight management system can be synthesised in the scheme (figure 1). The data to be displayed to the pilot for his flight awareness are functions of the flight phase, the type of airspace and of the type of situation encountered.Globally these data can be shared as functions of their flight time horizons, and their topic, as it is described in the table below. In the cells are indicated the flight objects that these data address.SEXTANT as a major avionics manufacturer is leading research and development activities in the area of ATM related airborne flight management functions. Their existing or expected findings are described in this article.     

Planetary Accumulation with a Continuous Supply of Planetesimals

Previous calculations of the accumulation of small (∼10 km) planetesimals at ∼1 AU to form Mars-sized bodies assumed that the initial assemblage of planetesimals were all present at the outset. This is an obviously reasonable assumption in systems in which the time scale for growth time of ∼10²⁶ g planetary bodies is long compared to estimates of the evolutionary time scale of a protosolar disk, as was the case in the pioneering work of Safronov (1969). It is now found that as a result of the preplanetary assemblage being unstable with respect to the runaway growth of the largest bodies, this is unlikely to be the case. The more realistic alternative of adding the initial planetesimals on a ∼10⁵ year time scale is considered here, as well as the consequences of the initial planetesimals being considerably smaller than those assumed previously. It is found that although the time scale for runaway growth is now actually controlled by the availability of planetesimals, for planetesimal production time scales of ∼10⁵ yrs, the final consequences are very similar. These calculations do show, however, that as a consequence of continuous infall during the runaway growth process, the late initial planetesimals are likely to be catastrophically disrupted by mutual collisions. For this reason, a more detailed treatment of the growth of planetesimals into planetary embryos will require a better understanding of the difficult problem of formation of the initial planetesimals themselves. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

空间站姿态控制系统实时仿真研究

研究了五棱锥构型的单框架控制力矩陀螺群作为执行机构的空间站姿态控制系统的实时仿真问题.根据空间站姿态控制系统的实时分布式仿真要求设计了仿真节点结构,综合了四种网络连接形式构建系统的实时网络环境,说明了仿真系统软、硬件平台的选择,以及系统仿真中的调度设计问题.最后对整个系统进行了分布实时仿真,运行结果说明了这种空间站姿态控制系统方案是可行的.     

轨道交角与时间偏差对拦截卫星拦截概率的影响

拦截卫星通过均匀分布的微粒网逆轨拦截目标卫星时,需要确定交会轨道与目标轨道的轨道交角。轨道交角和交会时的时间偏差影响着拦截卫星对目标卫星的拦截概率。研究了对目标卫星主体毁伤情况下,轨道交角和交会时间偏差与拦截卫星拦截概率之间的关系;阐述了有一定交会时间偏差时,轨道交角的选择情况,并对其进行了仿真计算。结果表明,当时间偏差足够大时,轨道交角的误差对拦截概率的影响不明显。     

Time jitter analysis for quadrature sampling

Time jitter in the quadrature sampling processes is modeled and the performance of an adaptive cancellation system in the presence of such time jitter is analyzed. It is shown that the decorrelation due to time jitter depends on the magnitude of the jitter, the sampling scheme used, the bandwidth of the signal and the intermediate frequency (IF) preceding the analog-to-digital (A/D) conversion stages. The performance of a sidelobe cancellation system in the presence of time jitter, for several sampling approaches, is evaluated numerically as well as simulated. The results show that the direct quadrature sampling scheme with a lower IF provides superior performance for an adaptive cancellation system     

F-P滤波器和SOA在全光帧时钟提取中的分析和试验

F—P腔作为光滤波器用．具有稳定性高．通带窄的优点。采用低精细度的法布里-珀罗滤波器（F—P）直接提出帧时钟,保证时钟的快速建立和快速消失。利用半导体光放大器（SOA）的自增益调制效应（SGM）对F-P提取的帧时钟进行整形,降低帧时钟的幅度噪声。并推导了F—P的精细度Q和SOA的自增益调制效应对帧时钟建立时间、消失时间的影响。通过理论分析表明,利用SOA的SGM效应可以降低帧时钟的幅度噪声并加快帧时钟建立速度。实验中,用上述方案对10．075GHz的帧信号进行了全光帧时钟提取．得到了建立时间为8个信号周期．消失时间为22个信号周期抖动为2.35ps的帧时钟信号.