一种基于最短接近时间的目标分配方法

提出了一种在无线网络的支持下,使得机群平均接近时间最短准则的目标分配方法。对于给定的敌我相对运动态势和机载武器配置,每一架飞机进入攻击位置的时间是可以通过适当的模型和算法计算出来。本文假定飞机在进入发射位置的过程中,一直在试图消除瞄准误差,因而可以采用比例导引律来逼近其航路,由此可以得到飞机应飞时间的积分表达式。以此表达式为基础,以机群整体占位时间最小,本文得到了一个目标分配策略。     

Linear-quadratic and norm-bounded differential game combined guidance strategy against active defense aircraft in three-player engagement

A new type of guidance strategy, combining linear quadratic and norm-bounded game theory, is proposed for the scenario of an attacker against active defense aircraft in three-player engagement. The problem involves three players, an attacker, a defender and a target. The differential game theory and the solution of Hamiltonian equation are utilized to obtain the combined guidance strategy for each player with arbitrary-order dynamics. The game process is divided into 4 phases, C1-C4, according to the switching time. The linear quadratic differential game guidance scheme is employed to reduce the fuel cost in the game parts of C1 and C3. The norm-bounded game guidance strategy is adopted to satisfy the constraint of control input in the game stages C2 and C4. Furthermore, zero-effort miss distance is introduced to meet the constraints of game space and defender’s killing radius in the guidance strategy, which guarantees that the attacker is able to avoid the interception of the defender and hit the target with lower fuel cost and maximum acceleration. And it is proved that the proposed guidance strategy satisfies the Nash equilibrium condition. Finally, the feasibility and superiority of combined guidance strategy are respectively illustrated by nonlinear numerical simulation and verified by comparing with linear quadratic and norm-bounded differential game guidance strategies.     

复合打击下具有多次拦截时机的火力分配问题

针对传统火力分配模型容易造成资源浪费的问题,将火力单元以组为单位,以最大化杀伤概率为目标,构建一种具有多次拦截时机的动态火力分配模型;考虑到组内火力单元复合打击的情况,使用Kuhn-Munkres算法,优先将目标分配给复合打击效果大的目标;在此基础之上,设计了一种基于遗传算法（GA）的Anytime算法,引入了元级控制,提出一种任意时刻算法停机时刻的判定方法;仿真实验验证了模型优越性以及算法的合理性,对火力分配任意时刻算法使用元级控制可以有效提高解的效用。     

基于Hotelling模型的双寡头市场定价博弈分析

文章在三阶段Hotelling模型的基础上研究了双寡头市场的定价博弈问题。在第一阶段两个寡头企业同时选择价格策略;在第二阶段两寡头企业确定价格大小及相应的定价概率;在第三阶段由消费者选择企业。由博弈分析的结果得出,使用高价和打折相互结合的混合策略为双寡头市场定价博弈的唯一纳什均衡策略,此时博弈双方获得最大利润,即高低价混合策略才是理论推导的最佳策略。文章在最后还从正反两方面给出了这个结论实证上的支持。     

基于SA-DPSO混合优化算法的协同空战火力分配

针对超视距(BVR)多机协同空战中,火力单元采用一次性完全分配原则容易造成资源浪费的问题,提出了一种新的火力分配数学模型。该模型带有毁伤概率门限,能够保证在满足毁伤概率门限的前提下,优先保证威胁度大的目标被分配且选择对各目标相对贡献较大的火力单元,使其对目标的毁伤概率平均值达到最大且尽量少地消耗火力单元,从而节省和充分利用火力资源。在此基础上,提出采用模拟退火(SA)-离散粒子群(DPSO)混合优化算法求解协同空战火力分配,提高了算法收敛速度、精度以及全局搜索能力,避免陷入局部极小。仿真算例验证了新模型的优点以及SA-DPSO混合优化算法的有效性。     

Network-Enabled Missile Deflection: Games and Correlation Equilibrium

The problem of deploying countermeasures (CM) against antiship missiles is investigated from a network centric perspective in which multiple ships coordinate to defend against a known missile threat. Using the paradigm of network enabled operations (NEOPS), the problem is formulated as a transient stochastic game with communication where the appropriate strategy takes the form of an optimal stationary correlated equilibrium. Under this strategy, ships cooperate through real-time communication to satisfy both local and collective interests. The use of communication results in a performance improvement over the noncommunicating, Nash equilibrium scenario. This framework allows us to develop a theoretical foundation for NEOPS and captures the trade-off between information exchange and performance, while generalizing the standard Nash equilibrium solution for the missile deflection game given in [1], The NEOPS equilibrium strategy is characterized as the solution to an optimization problem with linear objective and bilinear constraints, which can be solved calculating successive improvements starting from an initial noncooperative (Nash) solution. The communication overhead required to implement this strategy is associated with the mutual information between individual action probability distributions at equilibrium. Numerical results illustrate the trade-off between communication and performance.     

阵列射流-扰流柱复合冷却结构换热和压降特性数值研究

为研究阵列射流-扰流柱耦合换热结构对热端部件综合冷却效果的影响,采用数值模拟方法研究了阵列射流-扰流柱复合冷却结构的流动换热特性,重点关注扰流柱相对于射流孔的布置方式(顺排和叉排)、扰流柱直径d_p相对于射流孔的直径d_j之比(d_p/d_j=0.5,1,2)的影响。为体现阵列射流-扰流柱复合冷却结构的导热-对流强耦合传热过程特征,引入了靶板加热侧当量对流换热系数的概念,并分别采用冲击靶面对流换热系数和靶板加热侧当量对流换热系数进行了综合性能的评价分析。研究结果表明,采用绕流柱顺排和叉排方式的冲击靶面对流换热相较于光滑靶板分别增加约30%和10%,而扰流柱相对于射流孔呈顺排方式的对流换热效果要优于叉排方式,同时,顺排方式的压力损失系数却低于叉排方式。至于扰流柱相对于射流孔的直径比的影响,基于冲击靶面和靶板加热侧对流换热系数的综合性能评价存在显著的差异。     

关于多目标气动优化设计中伴随方法与对策理论的耦合研究(英文)

本文研究了多目标气动优化设计中伴随方法和对策理论的耦合问题,给出了伴随方法在每个对策策略中的具体应用和数值方法。在合作对策中伴随方法被并行地执行以共同得到Pareto阵面上的最优解;相反在Nash对策中伴随方法在Nash策略的最后被耦合起来以互相竞争的形式得到各自目标的最优解;而在Stackel-berg对策中伴随方法被分层耦合进"领头人"和"跟随者"的策略中以求解他们相互依赖的平衡解。文末的优化算例表明了本文耦合算法及其数值过程在求解多目标气动优化设计问题中的有效性。     

星间链路数量受限的导航卫星网络链路分配问题

对星间链路数量非常有限、需要同时满足星间测距和星间通信需求的导航卫星网络的链路分配问题进行了研究。首先,分析了导航卫星网络的特点,并设计了一种基于有限状态自动机(FSA)的拓扑处理机制。然后,将星间测距需求作为一个约束,以星间通信的延时性能为优化目标,将导航卫星网络的链路分配问题建模为一个多目标优化问题。最后,针对建立的多目标优化问题,分别提出一种基于首次改善(FI)的本地搜索算法和基于模拟退火(SA)的启发式优化算法以对链路分配问题进行求解,并提出一种基于分支交换策略的新链路分配生成方法。仿真结果表明,通过FI算法和SA算法获得的优化链路分配的网络延时性能均得到了改进,且SA算法的性能要优于FI算法;同时,FSA的状态持续时间的减小有利于获得网络延时性能好的链路分配。     

The Magnetic Electron Ion Spectrometer (MagEIS) Instruments Aboard the Radiation Belt Storm Probes (RBSP) Spacecraft

This paper describes the Magnetic Electron Ion Spectrometer (MagEIS) instruments aboard the RBSP spacecraft from an instrumentation and engineering point of view. There are four magnetic spectrometers aboard each of the two spacecraft, one low-energy unit (20–240 keV), two medium-energy units (80–1200 keV), and a high-energy unit (800–4800 keV). The high unit also contains a proton telescope (55 keV–20 MeV). The magnetic spectrometers focus electrons within a selected energy pass band upon a focal plane of several silicon detectors where pulse-height analysis is used to determine if the energy of the incident electron is appropriate for the electron momentum selected by the magnet. Thus each event is a two-parameter analysis, an approach leading to a greatly reduced background. The physics of these instruments are described in detail followed by the engineering implementation. The data outputs are described, and examples of the calibration results and early flight data presented.     

防空作战动静态武器目标分配初步研究

防空作战中的武器目标分配是影响系统作战有效性的重要因素之一。动静态结合的武器目标分配,既考虑了武器对不同目标杀伤效果,又考虑了作战这一动态随机过程的特性。讨论了在合理简化条件下的分配过程,先把对目标群的射击效能作为目标函数制定决策,可将目标分配决策化成一个马尔可夫决策过程,通过策略迭代算法得到最优分配策略从而实现系统效益的最大化。最后进行了简化条件下的算例验证,结果表明,该方法能使武器系统获得最大的射击效能,是一种有效的分配方法。     

Intelligent UUVs: Some issues on ROV dynamic positioning

Intelligent unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs) fall under two main group categories: the remotely operated vehicles (ROVs), which are characterized by remote operation and presence of a tether cable; and the autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs), which are characterized by their autonomous behavior and absence of a tether cable. One fundamental issue of the UUV design is the dynamic position control system. This system plays a crucial role together with the sensor architecture in the degree of system autonomy that can be achieved. This paper is concerned with a few issues when dynamically positioning remotely operated underwater vehicles (ROVs). By restricting the operating regime of ROVs to slow velocity requirements the paper investigates the implementation of a few decentralized control strategies and compare their performance measures, which are assessed by simulating a nonlinear ROV system model for each control strategy. Issues concerning input tracking, disturbance rejection, and plant variations are discussed. The evaluations consider the use of linear PID feedback and feedforward variants, and a robust nonlinear control strategies applied to a full order, fully coupled, and nonlinear vehicle model. These evaluations consider a vehicle undertaking standard mission activities where the tether cable dynamics, with load estimates obtained from a lumped mass cable model, and the vehicle actuator system are present. The paper shows that much of the performance deterioration may be attributed mainly due to cable inertia. The authors also verify that the nonlinear robust control strategy does not necessarily allow for better performance over the linear feedback control strategies implemented when vehicle motions are confined to slow velocity profiles. These and other partial results will aid the design of the control system for an underwater vehicle currently under construction     

基于多层优化策略的涡轮盘叶设计研究

针对涡轮多学科优化设计,将多层优化策略中的重要原则学科自治扩展到组件自治;并结合目前的多学科优化策略BLISS(bi-level integrated system synthesis)2000和CO(collaborative optimization)以及ATC(analytical target cascading),设计出新的多学科优化框架.利用BLISS2000建立了涡轮盘叶的两层双子系统优化框架和两层三子系统的优化框架;结合BLISS2000和CO各自的优点构建了三层三子系统优化框架;从定性的分析角度排除了ATC在涡轮多学科多层优化设计上的应用.通过对比分析,三子系统的多层优化策略的优势主要体现在优化效率方面;层与层之间存在复杂的交互迭代过程导致三层系统往往比双层系统表现出差的精度和效率.      

主-从多飞行器三维分布式协同制导方法

针对三维空间下的多飞行器协同打击问题,基于主飞行器和从飞行器架构提出了两种分布式协同制导方法,实现了所有飞行器最终对目标的同时命中。方法1在定义协调变量的基础上,通过对所选协调变量的一致性协同控制使从飞行器状态同步于主飞行器状态。方法2提出了分布式观测器对主飞行器的状态进行准确估计,各从飞行器通过跟踪观测的主飞行器状态信息实现命中时间的一致。理论分析表明,两种方法都可保证多飞行器同时命中目标。仿真结果验证了所提方法的正确性和有效性。     

Game-theoretic modeling and control of a military air operation

An attrition-type discrete-time dynamic model is formulated for two opposing forces, labeled Blue and Red, engaged in a military air operation. The Blue force consists of combat air units and its objective is to destroy a fixed target, such as an airport or a bridge, which Is being defended by the Red force. The Red force consists of ground troops and air defense units. We model the objective functions for each side and identify the associated constraints on the control and state variables. We employ a two-level hierarchy of command and control for each force. An example scenario illustrating the implementation of this approach using concepts from non-zero sum dynamic game theory is presented     

Orbital maneuver strategy design based on piecewise linear optimization for spacecraft soft landing on irregular asteroids

Recently, asteroid exploration becomes an important branch of human’s deep space activities. In this paper, a piecewise linear optimal orbital maneuver strategy is designed for a spacecraft soft landing on irregular-shaped asteroids. First, the space around an irregular asteroid is converted into several grid units, and the gravitational field of the asteroid is linearly fitted in each unit.Then, the soft-landing orbital maneuver strategy design problem is formulated as a piecewise linear optima...     

A High-Resolution Radar Detection Strategy

A comparison of single range cell detection and integrated contiguous range cell detection for a high range resolution radar is presented. A simulation was used to generate probability of detection curves for the two detection strategies using 10 target models with different target scattering characteristics. The integrated range cell detection strategy was found to be superior in all cases except when the target is composed of a single strong flare point.     

基于模糊理论的碟形飞行器复合控制分配策略

针对碟形飞行器变质量矩/推力矢量复合控制系统,研究了以输出误差和误差变化率为参考量及基于模糊理论的控制分配策略。仿真表明,这一设计能够实现两种控制方式的优势互补,达到了良好的控制性能。     

串件拼修对策下K/N(G)结构系统可用度评估建模

针对作战编队自主保障期间,作战单元对装备故障仅具备换件修理、保障单元对备件修复概率小于1的保障特点,扩展备件管理多级(METRIC)模型,建立了装备冗余和外场更换件(Line Replaceable Unit,LRU)冗余结构下非串件策略和串件策略两级单层备件库存保障模型。以备件贮存空间为约束,可用度为目标,对非串件策略系统建立有限解空间下的分层边际优化模型。依据备件保障流程,基于蒙特卡罗仿真方法建立了两级维修保障仿真模型。实例分析结果表明:当系统可用度较低,采用串件策略能极大提高系统可用度;仿真结果与解析结果一致,本文建模方法正确。模型可为保障决策者制定编队随行备件方案提供参考。     

Uncertain multiobjective redundancy allocation problem of repairable systems based on artificial bee colony algorithm

Based on the uncertainty theory, this paper is devoted to the redundancy allocation problem in repairable parallel-series systems with uncertain factors, where the failure rate, repair rate and other relative coefficients involved are considered as uncertain variables. The availability of the system and the corresponding designing cost are considered as two optimization objectives. A crisp multiobjective optimization formulation is presented on the basis of uncertainty theory to solve this resultant problem. For solving this problem efficiently, a new multiobjective artificial bee colony algorithm is proposed to search the Pareto efficient set, which introduces rank value and crowding distance in the greedy selection strategy, applies fast non-dominated sort procedure in the exploitation search and inserts tournament selection in the onlooker bee phase. It shows that the proposed algorithm outperforms NSGA-II greatly and can solve multiobjective redundancy allocation problem efficiently. Finally, a numerical example is provided to illustrate this approach.