A new online modelling method for aircraft engine state space model

To overcome the drawbacks of current modelling method for aircraft engine state space model, a new method is introduced. The form of state space model is derived by using Talyor series to expand the nonlinear model that is implicit equations and involves many iterations. A partial derivative calculation method for iterations is developed to handle the influence of iterations on parameters. The derivative calculation and the aerothermodynamics calculations are combined in the component level model with fixed number Newton-Raphson (N-R) iterations. Mathematical derivation and simulations show the convergence ability of proposed method. Simulations show that comparing with the linear parameter varying model and centered difference based state space model, much higher accuracy of proposed online modelling method is achieved. The accuracy of the state space model built by proposed method can be maintained when the step amplitudes of inputs are within 2%, and the responses of the state space model can match those of the component level model when each input steps larger amplitudes. In addition, an online verification was carried out to show the capability of modelling at any operating point and that state space model can predict future outputs accurately. Thus, the effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated.     

神经网络最优闭环制导律设计

对于复杂的非线性导弹制导系统 ,很难求得其解析的最优制导律 ,只能求得开环的数字解 ,不能适用于具有时变不确定性的导弹制导系统。利用神经网络的学习和推广能力 ,对开环的数字最优制导律进行离线的学习 ,作为闭环的神经最优制导律在线应用。研究分别选择系统状态变量和视线角速率等不同的神经网络输入对制导系统性能的影响 ,以及各种制导律的鲁棒性问题 ,并采用模块化神经网络结构提高神经网络的学习和推广能力 ,仿真结果得到一些有益的结论。     

双滑模变结构控制在导弹加速度控制中的应用

基于双滑模变结构控制理论,对切换面的选取和控制量的切换规律做了进一步的分析,提出两个切换面可以分开单独设计,通过状态反馈保证在滑模区上的稳定性;在具有非匹配不确定性的情况下,证明了控制量的设计能够满足滑模控制的可达条件;提出了更简单的控制律设计方法,保证状态轨迹分别在两条滑模区上来回切换,降低了控制量振动频率.用动态平衡的方法,通过控制导弹的平衡迎角达到了控制加速度的目的.针对某型导弹纵向回路线性模型和非线性时变模型进行了仿真研究,结果证明了设计的可行性和有效性.     

State estimate for stochastic systems with dual unknown interference inputs

Stochastic system state estimation subject to the unknown interference input widely exists in many fields, such as the control, communication, signal processing, and fault diagnosis. However, the research results are mostly limited to the stochastic system in which only the dynamic state model or the measurement model concerns the individual unknown interference input, and the state model and the measurement model are both with the same unknown interference input. State estimate of the stochastic systems where the state model and the measurement model contain dual Unknown Interference inputs (dual-UI) with different physical meanings and mathematical definitions is concerned here. Firstly, the decoupling condition with the Unknown Interference input in the State model (S-UI) is shown, which introduces the decoupled system with the adjacent Measurement concerned Unknown Interference inputs (M-UI) appearing in the state model and the measurement model. Then, through defining the Differential term of the adjacent M-UI (M-UID), the equivalent system with only M-UID in the state model is obtained. Finally, considering the design freedom of the equivalent system, the decoupling filter in the minimum mean square error sense and the adaptive minimum upper filter with different applicable conditions are represented to obtain the optimal and sub-optimal state estimate, respectively. Two simulation cases verify the effectiveness and superiority compared with the traditional methods.     

基于二阶鲁棒滑模观测器的民用涡扇发动机气路故障诊断

针对状态估计器在航空发动机气路参数估计中响应迟缓、鲁棒性不强等问题,以未知输入重构的思路,提出了一种基于Super-twisting滑模观测器的航空发动机气路故障诊断方法。通过将健康参数考虑为未知输入,设计滑模切换项重构健康参数的变化量,由于避免了状态估计器设计中健康参数导数为零的假设,本文的方法在处理突变故障时拥有更快的响应速度。针对鲁棒性问题,提出了一种新的故障向量增广形式,通过将扰动项增广至健康参数向量中,观测器的重构信号能够同时估计出健康参数变化量以及扰动项的大小,实现扰动与部件故障的解耦,从而避免了不确定项对健康参数估计结果的影响。本文建立了民用涡扇发动机包线范围内的线性变参数模型,通过不同故障模式下的数值仿真,并与状态估计器比较,验证了方法的有效性。结果表明,设计的滑模观测器具有小于0.5%的估计误差,有效地提高了气路健康参数的估计速度,增强了对不确定性的鲁棒性。     

非线性气动弹性模型参考自适应控制

 首先将含有前/后缘双控制面二元机翼的动态方程以状态空间形式描述,然后考虑俯仰方向的迟滞非线性模型存在参数不确定性的情况下,利用Lyapunov稳定性理论进行了结构化模型参考自适应控制律设计。仿真结果显示：所设计的控制律能够使开环不稳定的气动弹性系统快速地达到稳定状态。由于最大控制面偏转的存在,来流速度较高时闭环系统仍会发生颤振;根据控制面最大偏转的不同取值,文中给出了闭环临界颤振速度的变化曲线。     

基于大功率模块化多电平并网变流器的 永磁直驱风力发电系统矢量控制方法研究

进行了模块化多电平变流器（Modular Multilevel Converter,MMC） 电路拓 扑结构分析,对其工作状态原理进行阐述。将MMC 电路拓扑应用到永磁直驱风力发电 系统,使用基于电容电压排序的矢量控制作为逆变器控制策略。通过仿真软件搭建所述 系统,仿真结果证实了控制方式的可行性。     

Modular ICNIA Packaging Technology

Significant size, weight, power and reliability improvements can be achieved in next generation avionics by the modular integration of similar functions into a fault tolerant reconfigurable architecture. The Integrated Communication Navigation Identification Avionics program (ICNIA), and ITT/TI Joint Venture, is accomplishing this task with a combination of modular circuit designs using VHSIC technology, improved packaging designs incorporating surface mount component technology and a modular two-level maintenance support concept for reduced life cycle cost. This article will concentrate on the modular packaging technology of the digital processor subsystem.     

非线性状态方程自校准滤波方法

针对工程实际中遇到的非线性系统状态方程中含未知输入（如环境因素的影响、模型和参数选取不当等）的情况,采用自校准技术,基于秩滤波与无迹Kalman滤波算法提出了一种非线性状态方程自校准滤波方法,并分别讨论了自校准秩滤波(SRF)与自校准无迹Kalman滤波(SUKF)两种情况。大量仿真结果和工程应用表明:与无迹Kalman滤波(UKF)相比,该方法通过对系统状态方程中的未知输入进行自动估计和补偿,改善了系统受未知输入影响下的滤波效果,从算例中可以看到,估计精度至少提高了80%,且计算简单,便于工程应用。      

元件强度可靠性的模糊概率计算模型

首先建立了元件强度可靠性分析时基本变量只具有随机性而元件的安全失效状态含有模糊性时,元件的模糊失效概率Ｐｇｆ计算模型,也称广义概率计算模型,在此模型中给出了两种方法,即基本随机变量法和综合随机变量法;然后给出了基本随机变量具有随机模糊性时元件的Ｐｇｆ的计算模型,此模型中不论元件的安全失效状态是否具有模糊性,Ｐｇｆ均可以表示成条件概率     

基于流体网络拓扑的航空发动机及燃气轮机整机性能建模方法

为了快速、灵活、自由地搭建航空发动机及燃气轮机不同构型整机性能仿真模型,提出了一种基于流体网络拓扑的发动机整机性能仿真模型方案。从发动机部件及整机性能模型建模基本原理出发,在现有面向对象的部件性能建模及通用仿真系统总体框架基础上,采用迭代变量和平衡方程组与发动机部件模型和部件模型计算顺序相关联技术,建立了适用于不同航空发动机和燃气轮机类型的稳态性能仿真模型,并将该模型计算结果与成熟的商用仿真软件计算结果进行了对比分析。结果表明：该方案、模型可以实现发动机计算模型/拓扑自动构建,以及迭代变量与平衡方程组自动构建,提高了仿真系统的适用性。     

导叶伺服动力学系统通用建模方法

针对现有导叶伺服系统模型跨平台联合仿真速度慢、通用性差的问题，提出了一种基于动力学特性方程的、部件通用性 强的导叶伺服系统通用建模方法。采用部件建模法从底层方程到部件级模型，再到顶层系统，形成层次化、模块化的建模架构，使 原理与工程应用有机融合；通过对导叶伺服系统各组成部件进行工作机理分析，建立导叶伺服系统的AMESIM模型，推导各组成 部件的动力学特性方程，开发Simulink部件模型库；与AMESIM模型进行对比验证，构建Simulink导叶伺服动力学系统机理模型。 结果表明：系统模型稳态误差不大于0.12%，斜坡响应跟踪误差为3.7%，对于幅值为作动筒位移5%的不同频率正弦指令信号，导 叶伺服闭环系统带宽不小于8 Hz。该导叶伺服动力学系统模型具有较好的准确性、稳定性和动态特性，是可行和有效的，具有明 显的推广应用价值和跨平台多学科联合仿真优势。     

Dynamic modeling and simulation of a pressurized system used in flight vehicle

For a typical pressurized system with a novel dual-stage gas pressure reducing regulator, a system model is established with modular models of various typical components. The simulation study on the whole working period shows that the general trends and magnitudes of simulation curves are in agreement with experimental measured curves. As the key component in the pressurized system, the regulator is studied by a series of numerical simulations to reveal the influences of various structure parameters on its stability. Furthermore, the variable ranges which can guarantee the stability of regulator and system are obtained to provide guidance for design. The modeling and analysis approach can be applied to other systems and components.     

Applications of Optimally Sensitive Control to Systems Involving Time-Varying Uncertainties

The implementation of control systems capable of identifying and adapting to time-varying unknown parameters has become increasingly important in air-traffic control and other applications. In the recent literature the control problem, in which both the initial state vector as well as a vector of constant plant parameters are unknown, has been treated utilizing sensitivity techniques referred to as optimally sensitive control. The concepts of optimally sensitive control as developed by Kokotovic, Perkins, Cruz, and others are extended to the problem in which the state dynamics contain a vector of stochastic inputs which can be represented as Martingale processes. The resulting optimally sensitive system is shown to be an effective and realistic adaptive controller for systems containing unknown time-varying parameters. A numerical example is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the resulting control system at identifying and adapting to the levels of the unknown time-varying inputs.     

ARINC659背板数据总线应用研究

ARINC659背板数据总线是一种高可用、高完整、支持鲁棒的时间分区和空间分区的容错串行总线,它是ARINC651标准定义的综合化模块化航空电子系统的关键技术。深入分析了航空电子系统综合化对背板总线的要求,概述了ARINC659背板数据总线体系结构、介质访问机制、同步机制等规范,详细介绍了ARINC659背板数据总线的典型应用系统,探讨了ARINC659背板数据总线特性与应用前景。     

自校准Kalman滤波方法

提出一种自校准Kalman滤波方法(SKF),建立SKF模型及其滤波递推算法.在深空探测、发动机故障诊断等许多工程实际中,由于未知输入(如突风、故障、未知的系统误差等)的影响,传统的Kalman滤波方法在滤波递推过程中会产生较大误差.文中提出的自校准Kalman滤波方法能够自动补偿这种未知输入的影响,提高滤波精度.从某飞行器仿真中可以看到,SKF的滤波误差均值和方差分别比传统的Kalman滤波方法降低了400%和300%以上,有效地改善了滤波效果.并且该方法计算简单,便于工程应用.     

可重构模块化机器人系统的试验研究

通过实际的功能模块装配成了一个3自由度的串联可重构模块化机器人,用计算机控制系统来验证所提出的建立可重构模块化机器人模块库理论方案的可行性,并同时验证建立的可重构模块化机器人正运动学和逆运动学数学模型的正确性.     

发动机性能量与输入量的相关性研究

展开了相关性研究，讨论了一种相关性分析的算法，并在此基础上进行了大量的数字仿真实验，结果表明通过相关性分析不但可减少计算工作量，而且即使在传感器有限的情况下，模型也可很好的跟踪发动机，两者的匹配效果较好     

涡轴发动机健康管理跟踪滤波器技术

以反映部件健康状态的变几何涡轴发动机部件级数学模型为基础,利用线性化方法建立了反映航空发动机健康状态的线性状态空间数学模型;利用Kalman滤波器原理,构建了涡轴发动机健康状态跟踪滤波器。对线性状态空间模型和健康状态跟踪滤波器进行了仿真,结果表明：线性状态数学模型准确、实时;健康状态跟踪滤波器可准确地估计出涡轴发动机健康状态的变化。     

MAP estimation of target manoeuvre sequence with theexpectation-maximization algorithm

Two algorithms are derived for the problem of tracking a manoeuvring target based on a sequence of noisy measurements of the state. Manoeuvres are modeled as unknown input (acceleration) terms entering linearly into the state equation and chosen from a discrete set. The expectation maximization (EM) algorithm is first applied, resulting in a multi-pass estimator of the MAP sequence of inputs. The expectation step for each pass involves computation of state estimates in a bank of Kalman smoothers tuned to the possible manoeuvre sequences. The maximization computation is efficiently implemented using the Viterbi algorithm. A second, recursive estimator is then derived using a modified EM-type cost function. To obtain a dynamic programming recursion, the target state is assumed to satisfy a Markov property with respect to the manoeuvre sequence. This results in a recursive but suboptimal estimator implementable on a Viterbi trellis. The transition costs of the latter algorithm, which depend on filtered estimates of the state, are compared with the costs arising in a Viterbi-based manoeuvre estimator due to Averbuch, et al. (1991). It is shown that the two criteria differ only in the weighting matrix of the quadratic part of the cost function. Simulations are provided to demonstrate the performance of both the batch and recursive estimators compared with Averbuch's method and the interacting multiple model filter