NASA的探测技术开发计划

一、探测技术开发计划概况为支持美国近期月球探测和远期月球前哨站建设计划的实现．目前美国NASA正在实施其独立的空间探测技术发展计划——“探测技术开发计划”（ETDP）。该计划属于美国2005年发布的“空间探索计划”中“探测系统”任务的“先进能力”主题。     

NASA的“发现”计划及其进展

2004年1月美国政府公布了“空间探索远景规划”．2005年9月美国航空航天局（NASA）据此出台了“空间探索计划”。该计划的主要内容分为“科学、探测与航空”和“探测能力”两大部分。“科学、探测与航空”包括科学、探测系统和航空三项任务．     

2008火星探索新发现

链接：2008年在火星上获得重大发现的几个探索任务有：1．NASA的“凤凰”号火星登陆器自从5月25日在火星、北极降落以来,直到11月2日耗尽所有能量为止,一直在对火星北极平原表面进行考察研究。     

The Dynamic Albedo of Neutrons (DAN) experiment for NASA's 2009 Mars Science Laboratory

We present a summary of the physical principles and design of the Dynamic Albedo of Neutrons (DAN) instrument onboard NASA's 2009 Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission. The DAN instrument will use the method of neutron-neutron activation analysis in a space application to study the abundance and depth distribution of water in the martian subsurface along the path of the MSL rover.     

"火星探测漫游者"降落伞的研制

概述了“火星探测漫游者”探测器的降落伞系统,并介绍了降落伞系统的组成和性能,以及降落伞的研制过程的主要工作,尤其是设计人员解决和处理的一些细节问题。     

载人火星探测任务方案构想

提出了一种我国2030年代载人火星探测任务实施方案的构想。通过分批式提前部署方式,分别按货运、载人两个阶段实施对我国载人登火并对火星探测。其中,载人阶段在返回地球时可利用金星借力的方式以缩短整个载人任务周期。利用重型运载和长征五号运载火箭,分别在海南文昌和西昌卫星发射中心发射,实现2030年代的我国载人火星探测。     

中俄联合探测火星工程介绍

介绍了火星的基本概况、探测火星的科学目的、国外火星探测的历程.给出了中俄联合探测火星工程的工程与科学目标、系统组成,俄罗斯福布斯土壤计划的主要任务与基本情况,中俄联合探测器的构成,俄罗斯福布斯-土壤(FGSC)火星探测器的主要技术指标.分析了中俄联合探测火星工程中所用运载火箭和上面级的组成与性能.     

火星空间环境探测设计与实施

介绍了萤火一号(YH-1)火星探测器的轨道设计,以及火星空间磁场、电离层和粒子分布及其变化规律,火星大气离子逃逸率,火星地形、地貌和沙尘暴,火星重力场等科学目标.给出了探测器等离子体探测包、掩星接收机、磁通门磁强计、光学成像仪等有效载荷的组成、作用和性能指标.YH-1火星探测器的研制成功为我国后续深空探测活动打下了坚实的基础.     

中国探月工程大写意

1.长期孕育终结果因为月球探测有技术、政治、科学、经济等方面的重大意义,所以随着我国经济和技术的发展,综合国力的提高,我国在开展人     

火星探测用降落伞研制试验简介

文章主要介绍了美国火星探测用降落伞研制过程以及在研制过程中的一些主要试验，并同时指出了试验中的一些特点。     

火星探测用降落伞研制试验简介

文章主要介绍了美国火星探测用降落伞研制过程以及在研制过程中的一些主要试验,并同时指出了试验中的一些特点。     

美印探火合作，你怎么看？

2014年9月24日,“曼加里安”号成功进入火星轨道。正在印度举国振奋,为“印度制造”深感自豪之时,美国又仲来了橄揽枝,美印两国航天机构在9月30日正式签署协议,将在探索火星等领域展开合作。别看如今印度成了美国的“香饽饽”,但是在印度宣布“曼加里安”号计划之初,美国媒体却对此颇不以为意,也非常不看好“曼加里安”号的相关技术。     

Following the water,the new program for Mars exploration

In the wake of the loss of Mars Climate Orbiter and Mars Polar Lander in late 1999, NASA embarked on a major review of the failures and subsequently restructured all aspects of what was then called the Mars Surveyor Program--now renamed the Mars Exploration Program. This paper presents the process and results of this reexamination and defines a new approach which we have called "Program System Engineering". Emphasis is given to the scientific, technological, and programmatic strategies that were used to shape the new Program. A scientific approach known as "follow the water" is described, as is an exploration strategy we have called "seek--in situ--sample". An overview of the mission queue from continuing Mars Global Surveyor through a possible Mars Sample Return Mission launch in 2011 is provided. In addition, key proposed international collaborations, especially those between NASA, CNES and ASI are outlined, as is an approach for a robust telecommunications infrastructure.     

Human missions to Mars: new psychological challenges and research issues

Human exploratory missions to Mars represent the most exciting future vision of human space flight. With respect to the distance to travel and mission duration, these missions will provide unique psychological challenges that do not compare to any other endeavor humans ever have attempted. The present paper presents outcomes of two recent projects sponsored by the European Space Agency--Humex and Reglisse--where these challenges and risks have been analyzed in some detail, and where concepts for future research have been developed. This presentation involves three steps. At first, it will be shown that our current psychological knowledge derived from orbital spaceflight and analogue environments is not sufficient to assess the specific risks of mission into outer space. Secondly, new psychological challenges of missions to Mars will be identified with respect to three different areas: (1) individual adaptation and performance, (2) crew interactions, and (3) concept and methods of psychological countermeasures. Finally, different options and issues of preparatory psychological research will be discussed.     

Meditations on the new space vision: the Moon as a stepping stone to Mars

The Vision for Space Exploration invokes activities on the Moon in preparation for exploration of Mars and also directs International Space Station (ISS) research toward the same goal. Lunar missions will emphasize development of capability and concomitant reduction of risk for future exploration of Mars. Earlier papers identified three critical issues related to the so-called NASA Mars Design Reference Mission (MDRM) to be addressed in the lunar context: (a) safety, health, and performance of the human crew; (b) various modalities of mission operations ranging surface activities to logistics, planning, and navigation; and (c) reliability and maintainability of systems in the planetary environment. In simple terms, lunar expeditions build a résumé that demonstrates the ability to design, construct, and operate an enterprise such as the MDRM with an expectation of mission success. We can evolve from Apollo-like missions to ones that resemble the complexity and duration of the MDRM. Investment in lunar resource utilization technologies falls naturally into the Vision. NASA must construct an exit strategy from the Moon in the third decade. With a mandate for continuing exploration, it cannot assume responsibility for long-term operation of lunar assets. Therefore, NASA must enter into a partnership with some other entity--governmental, international, or commercial--that can responsibly carry on lunar development past the exploration phase.     

火星探测着陆系统开伞控制方法研究

文章通过对火星探测进入轨道的分析，提出了一种以动压为控制目标的开伞控制方法，并借鉴过载-时间控制法的相关思想，结合火星探测进入轨道的特点，研究了该开伞控制法的原理和实现方法。根据火星探路者的实际进入条件，采用该方法的分析结果与实际飞行中的开伞情况基本吻合。     

火星探测着陆系统开伞控制方法研究

文章通过对火星探测进入轨道的分析,提出了一种以动压为控制目标的开伞控制方法,并借鉴过载-时间控制法的相关思想,结合火星探测进入轨道的特点,研究了该开伞控制法的原理和实现方法。根据火星探路者的实际进入条件,采用该方法的分析结果与实际飞行中的开伞情况基本吻合。