Astrobiology from exobiology: Viking and the current Mars probes

The development of an Astrobiology Program is an extension of current exobiology programs. Astrobiology is the scientific study of the origin, distribution, evolution, and future of life in the universe. It encompasses exobiology; formation of elements, stars, planets, and organic molecules; initiation of replicating organisms; biological evolution; gravitational biology; and human exploration. Current interest in life on Mars provides the scientific community with an example of scientific inquiry that has mass appeal. Technology is mature enough to search for life in the universe.     

Resolution du probleme des instabilites sur le moteur Viking

(Resolution of the instability problem on Viking motor)—This paper gives the experimental and theorical work program which has permitted one to resolve the Viking motor instability problems and to ensure the L03 launching, one year after the L02 launching failure. After an exploration phase of search for working anomalies, instabilities have been characterized, acceptation procedure has been ratified, and different modifications have been tried.Theoretical work associated with the synthesis of experimental results have led to the finishing touch of operation and stability representative models. The pointing out of specific parameters has influenced the research of some solutions and the orientation of future works.     

Human exploration of Mars

The human exploration of Mars has the potential to return a rich harvest of scientific information about that planet, its possible past biological history and the prospects for future habitation by Earthly life. The realization of that potential will require new approaches and new technologies--a whole new paradigm in space exploration. Picture yourself exploring the surface of Mars, where your task involves conducting a detailed investigation of features larger than the United States in order to uncover a record of planetary history spanning over four billion years.     

“好奇”号登陆火星——奔向“盖尔”的梦幻舞步

2012年8月6日，“好奇”号在经过8个多月的星途旅行后，成功登陆火星，开始火星探测工作。作为美国第一辆采用核动力驱动的火星车，“好奇”号开启了一个新的火星探索时代。     

火星常识知多少

为什么火星看上去是红色的?人们都知道,火星看上去就像是一个大大的红色火球,火星似火一般在夜空发出火红色的光芒。从望远镜中看去,火星宛若一团燃烧的火球。这一现象曾一直使古人迷惑难解,因此在中国古代,人们把这颗火红的星星称为荧惑,莹就是莹莹似火的意思。那么火星为什么会呈火红色呢?对于这个疑问,答案也是众说纷纭。一直以来,     

火星旅行吃什么?

人类在不久的未来就要实施从地球飞向火星的计划。人类也终将飞向火星,这一点已经没有什么疑问。技术难关也迟早会被攻破,但还有一个问题似乎不太引人注目,那就是航天员火星之行吃什么呢?从表面上看,这一问题好像已经解决。航天员仍然可以按照多年实践形成的惯例,吃些经过干燥处     

火星极区着陆器丢了

怎样登陆才能成功?火星极区着陆器重580公斤,高1.06米,由洛克希德·马丁公司制造,项目耗资1.65亿美元。它是去年1月3日由德尔它2型运载火箭从美国佛罗里达州的卡纳维拉尔角航天发射场送上旅程的,到12月3日,它已在太空中飞行了11个月,行程数亿公里。如能成功登陆,它将开展?..     

“单程车票”飞火星

科学家们认为,单程航天飞行总会便宜一些,即使前往火星也是一样。美国华盛顿州立大学教授德克·舒尔策·马库奇和亚利桑那州立大学物理学家保罗·戴维斯两位科学家在一篇有争议的文章中提出,如果航天员能够像来到北美大陆的首批移民那样,不考虑回家,那么人类移居     

The space station and Mars

This article presents a plan for reconfiguring the US-international Space Station, which could be used to undertake exploration of Mars. The author believes that there is an urgent need to give a unified purpose to the US Shuttle, Space Station and space science activities, and that planning for an international Mars sample return mission along the lines outlined here could start the US space programme moving again within budgetary requirements.     

Phoenix--the first Mars Scout mission

NASA has initiated the first of a new series of missions to augment the current Mars Program. In addition to the systematic series of planned, directed missions currently comprising the Mars Program plan, NASA has started a series of Mars Scout missions that are low cost, price fixed, Principal [correction of Principle] Investigator-led projects. These missions are intended to provide an avenue for rapid response to discoveries made as a result of the primary Mars missions, as well as allow more risky technologies and approaches to be applied in the investigation of Mars. The first in this new series is the Phoenix mission which was selected as part of a highly competitive process. Phoenix will use the Mars 2001 Lander that was discontinued in 2000 and apply a new set of science objectives and mission objectives and will validate this soft lander architecture for future applications. This paper will provide an overview of both the Program and the Project.     

火星及其环境

火星环境类似于地球,而探索其生命存在是重大的科学任务。在火星探测中,对火星及其环境的了解与研究是重要的任务目标,事关探测任务的成功实施。文章对国外火星探测已发布的成果进行收集和整理,其中包含大量的相关数据。这些知识和数据是火星探测任务设计的输入条件,可为我国火星探测计划的制定提供参考依据。     

2008火星探索新发现

链接：2008年在火星上获得重大发现的几个探索任务有：1．NASA的“凤凰”号火星登陆器自从5月25日在火星、北极降落以来,直到11月2日耗尽所有能量为止,一直在对火星北极平原表面进行考察研究。     

新颖的载人火星航天器

虽然NASA的载人航天计划一直处于举棋不定的状态,但是对于未来的载人火星探测还是有着许多创新理念。从星际火箭到新一代的无人探测机器人。就目前美国所掌握的这些技术来看,或许最终能够将航天员送到火星上。     

火星探测器降落伞系统综述

文章介绍了美国火星探测器降落伞系统组成和验证试验情况;分析了5种不同探测器降落伞系统的具体差异;归纳了探测器降落伞系统的结构和性能参数;重点介绍了"凤凰号"和"火星科学实验室"降落伞系统研制过程和性能验证试验。