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2012年6月,在我国首次载人交会对接任务中,中国航天科工集团公司二院25所的交会对接微波雷达为天宫与神九精准导引,圆满完成了"首先捕获、稳定跟踪、精确测量"的神圣使命。这是继2011年11月我国首次交会对接任务后,微波雷达不负众望,再让"太空之吻"画面完美定格。25所自主研发的交会对接微波雷达是实施此次交会对接任务的关键单机,为交会对接提供距离、速度、角度、角速度等信息。在首次载人交会对接中,微波雷达在神舟九号飞船和天宫一号目标飞行器相距224公里时,迅速发现并锁定目标,直至两航天器成功实现对接,始终工作正常,性能稳定、状态良好,为交会对接任务的圆满完成做出了突出贡献。 相似文献
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交会对接微波雷达多径试验是在地面模拟两个飞行器在轨交会对接过程中由舱体表面及遮挡对微波信号造成反射干扰的一种试验,其目的是验证激光雷达系统功能及安装位置的合理性。在近20 m远的距离上,对飞行器舱体上的微波雷达天线和微波应答天线进行角度及距离的精确测量。文章通过对试验环境、测量项目分析及不同精测方案比对,采用激光跟踪仪直接测量舱体结构,获得了准确的基准数据,有助于指导微波雷达在飞船轨道舱上的精确安装和提高交会对接微波雷达多径试验的精度。激光跟踪仪首次应用于交会对接微波雷达多径试验,相比经纬仪在航天器基准测量中具有更大的优势。 相似文献
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针对交会对接任务对发射窗口的轨道日照角、光学导航测量设备阳光抑制角和轨道共面等多项约束,建立了交会对接发射窗口计算数学模型,给出了交会对接发射窗口计算方法与流程,分析了各种约束对交会对接发射窗口的影响。计算并构建了交会对接任务目标飞行器和追踪飞行器的年度日照发射窗口集合。按照2种任务规划思路分别给出了确定目标飞行器和追踪飞行器年度共面窗口集合的方法,为多约束交会对接年度发射窗口的日窗口和时刻窗口的分析和规划提供了清晰的结果。仿真结果验证了交会对接年度发射窗口集合的正确性和有效性,模型、方法和结果可作为交会对接任务发射窗口分析和规划的依据。
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《航天器工程》2021,30(5)
单星激光测距空间目标定位算法受远距离激光测距机测频的限制,有效数据速率较低。文章构建天基探测系统空间目标观测模型,提出一种应用多星的空间目标跟踪定位算法。该算法基于三角交会原理,面向多星不同载荷平台,基于空间目标成像投影和坐标转换模型,计算空间目标的异面直线距离,采用最近邻算法最优匹配关联同一空间目标的星间像点,基于双星交会模型解算空间目标轨迹,进行空间目标跟踪。此外,针对空间目标的星间信息丢失、空间目标与卫星共面时多空间目标跟踪精度低的问题,引入空间目标的加速度参数分量,改进卡尔曼滤波算法,预测空间目标轨迹位置,从而有效提高多目标跟踪精度。实例验证结果表明:文章提出算法的空间目标跟踪与定位精度高,能有效解决星间信息丢失引起的精度下降问题。 相似文献
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针对开放世界下雷达辐射源目标库不完备的现状,对开放世界下雷达辐射源识别的信息融合模型进行了研究。建立了不同类型雷达特征参数的模糊隶属度函数,采用待测样本与模型样本匹配的方法生成广义概率指派函数,并采用修正的广义证据理论算法融合多参数信息获取识别结果。实验数据表明:该模型能在雷达辐射源目标库不完备的情况下,识别已知目标和判别未知目标,判别结果相对基于经典D-S证据理论和原始广义证据理论的融合识别方法更加可靠、有效,在雷达识别的场景中具有潜在应用价值。 相似文献
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建立了一套完整的交会对接近距离导引段轨迹安全的描述和计算方法,这种方法将交会对接近距离导引段的轨迹安全转化为追踪器相对位置误差的3σ椭球和目标器控制区域椭球的碰撞分析问题。描述了通过定义目标器的控制区域来提高交会对接安全性的基本思想,然后基于CW方程推导了相对状态和协方差矩阵的传播公式,并利用传播后的协方差矩阵推导了相对位置误差3σ椭球的表示公式。研究了任意两个椭球的接近分析问题,首先研究了点和椭球的最近距离计算问题,然后将这一结果应用到一个迭代过程来计算两个椭球之间的最近距离。最后,交会对接接近段的一个算例说明了本文所建立的轨迹安全计算方法的正确性。 相似文献
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针对月球轨道交会对接地面高精度引导需求,对同波束干涉测量差分相延观测模型进行分析验证。根据甚长基线干涉测量几何时延观测量同一波前的定义,推导出同波束差分时延观测量的观测模型。并提出一种精确的同波束干涉测量差分相时延闭合算法,同时结合SELENE任务实测的数据计算差分相时延闭合值,用于对观测模型进行验证。实测数据计算结果表明,采用本文提出的精确算法显著地消除同一波前差分相时延闭合值中的趋势项,差分相时延闭合值的精度在0.5ps~1ps范围内,验证了观测模型的正确性。该研究对于后续的月球交会对接地面高精度测定轨任务分析设计将具有一定的参考价值。 相似文献
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Determination of relative distances and orientations, as well as motion identification is essential in rendezvous and docking and formation flying tasks. A 3D-image generated by a PMD (photonic mixer device) camera, which employs a phase shift measurement of emitted modulated light to derive distance and color information on each pixel, provides in this contribution the basis for near range motion detection and prediction. A novel algorithm based on rotation- and scale-invariant features commonly used for scan matching in high-resolution images is presented. The performance of the PMD camera and of the proposed data processing is characterized in scenarios, considering factors like relative velocities, rotation dynamics, illumination and optical properties of target surface materials, which are major effects for disturbances in this context. 相似文献
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The capacity to acquire the relative position and attitude information between the chaser and the target satellites in real time is one of the necessary prerequisites for the successful implementation of autonomous rendezvous and docking. This paper addresses a vision based relative position and attitude estimation algorithm for the final phase of spacecraft rendezvous and docking. By assuming that the images of feature points on the target satellite lie within the convex regions, the estimation of the relative position and attitude is converted into solving a convex optimization problem in which the dual quaternion method is employed to represent the rotational and translational transformation between the chaser body frame and the target body frame. Due to the point-to-region correspondence instead of the point-to-point correspondence is used, the proposed estimation algorithm shows good performance in robustness which is verified through computer simulations. 相似文献
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角闪烁背景下,高分辨雷达在近距离跟踪阶段存在不能精确跟踪的问题。针对此问题,分析了基于距离高分辨的单脉冲测角方法,并在此基础上,结合距离向强散射点的幅度特征,提出了一种基于航迹关联的抗角闪烁跟踪算法。算法首先对和通道、方位差通道、俯仰差通道的回波信号分别进行脉压和相参积累;然后在和通道的高分辨一维距离向上实现目标强散射点的检测,依据幅度进行排序并输出各点的距离信息和角度信息;最后利用联合集成概率数据互联算法作为目标跟踪滤波算法进行跟踪。本文通过对ku波段实测数据中入射余角为60°~69°的近距离跟踪部分进行分析,将所提算法与卡尔曼滤波跟踪算法进行了对比,仿真结果表明,本文算法使多目标跟踪的精度得到了提高,具有更好的角闪烁抑制性能。 相似文献
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The rendezvous and docking mission is usually divided into several phases, and the mission planning is performed phase by phase. A new planning method using mixed integer nonlinear programming, which investigates single phase parameters and phase connecting parameters simultaneously, is proposed to improve the rendezvous mission’s overall performance. The design variables are composed of integers and continuous-valued numbers. The integer part consists of the parameters for station-keeping and sensor-switching, the number of maneuvers in each rendezvous phase and the number of repeating periods to start the rendezvous mission. The continuous part consists of the orbital transfer time and the station-keeping duration. The objective function is a combination of the propellant consumed, the sun angle which represents the power available, and the terminal precision of each rendezvous phase. The operational requirements for the spacecraft–ground communication, sun illumination and the sensor transition are considered. The simple genetic algorithm, which is a combination of the integer-coded and real-coded genetic algorithm, is chosen to obtain the optimal solution. A practical rendezvous mission planning problem is solved by the proposed method. The results show that the method proposed can solve the integral rendezvous mission planning problem effectively, and the solution obtained can satisfy the operational constraints and has a good overall performance. 相似文献
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根据有人参与的交会对接任务,其飞行器间通信、遥测模式多变和手控参与多的数据管理特点,文章从两飞行器间的总线通信与并网管理、遥测管理、手控支持等方面,提出了在自主交会对接过程中和组合体状态下的数据管理解决途径,经过成功执行我国首次交会对接飞行任务,验证其合理可行,可靠性和安全性高,可满足交会对接数据管理需求。 相似文献
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近场飞机目标的幅度及相位特征研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
用4mm波段测量系统对飞机模型进行了弹目交会动态雷达截面积(RCS)统计测量研究,并详细地研究了飞机目标近场区的各局部部位的概率统计分布规律,其结果显示出和远场区分布有着非常大的差别,此外,还用矢量相减技术对雷达目标进行了幅相特征信息提取研究,取得了满意的结果。 相似文献
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A free floating platform is realized with a pneumatic suspension system which enables a two-dimensional test of complex space operations, such as rendezvous and docking. The platform is equipped with a IMU and actuated via cold gas thrusters. In addition, an on-board camera is used to acquire a target and its image is processed for evaluating the control actions needed to reach it. A technique for determining the relative position and velocity with respect to target using the same visual device is proposed and realized. The novel algorithms and relevant experimental results are presented. The tested accuracy of the relative navigation system is not very high, but the guidance algorithm, which is image based and has just a weak dependence on the position information, is robust enough to perform a successful maneuver. The error between the final acquired target image and the desired final target image is of the order of one pixel, notwithstanding all the testbed disturbances. 相似文献
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