基于UIO的航空发动机控制系统传感器故障诊断

研究了航空发动机控制系统传感器鲁棒故障检测与隔离问题,提出了一种克服不同干扰对控制系统诊断性能影响的方法.应用未知输入观测器(unknown input observer,简称UIO)理论来解耦航空发动机动态系统干扰,并针对控制系统传感器设计一族UIO,提取出一系列的传感器残差特征数据,通过分析残差队列的幅值特性,实现航空发动机控制系统传感器故障诊断.在高斯白噪声、模型工作点变化和非高斯噪声三类干扰下的数字仿真结果表明,不管何种干扰,UIO诊断方法均能检测和隔离出传感器故障,在诊断鲁棒性方面,要优于Kalman滤波器诊断算法.      

关系矩阵法在发动机执行机构故障检测中的应用

作为航空发动机控制系统的重要组成部分, 执行机构的故障检测与隔离目前尚缺少有效方法.本文提出了一种新颖的解决问题途径, 利用相互关系矩阵, 通过发动机输出与控制器指令计算执行机构输出的偏差, 可以达到检测、隔离多个执行机构故障的目的.数字仿真表明, 这一方法在航空发动机执行机构故障检测中, 具有较高的准确性.      

航空发动机双重传感器故障诊断逻辑研究

针对航空发动机控制系统的双重传感器故障,提出了一种采用双路容错设计的卡尔曼滤波器故障检测隔离系统.故障检测隔离系统由一系列卡尔曼滤波器组成,每个滤波器都假定2路传感器故障,而以故障支路外的测量值作为输入量.当双重传感器故障发生时,只有不包含故障传感器信息的滤波器保持较低的估计残差,其他滤波器都会产生较大的估计残差,如此双重传感器故障便可以被隔离.利用滤波器组估计残差的特征,进一步设计合理的运算逻辑,系统就可以同时对传感器单一故障进行检测和隔离.为了验证故障诊断系统的有效性,在发动机慢车状态分别对传感器发生双重故障和单一故障的情况进行仿真.仿真结果表明:故障诊断系统能够准确有效地对传感器双重故障和单一故障进行检测和隔离.      

考虑性能退化的航空发动机故障诊断量化评估

航空发动机全生命周期内的故障诊断一直是研究的热点,为保障航空发动机在性能退化条件下故障诊断算法的可靠性,对考虑性能退化的航空发动机进行故障可诊断性量化评估有着重要的意义。本文从状态量的可测量性以及最优观测器设计两个方面对退化状态下航空发动机的滑动窗口模型进行解耦处理。从故障可检测及可隔离两个方面对故障的可诊断性进行量化评估,以巴氏距离为量化标准,将量化评估问题转换为多元分布概率距离求解问题。同时,从故障空间的角度对故障可隔离性进行定义,剥离了参考故障模式的影响,将可隔离性转化为故障空间中故障模式的固有属性,并给出航空发动机故障可检测及可隔离的判据。仿真实验证明,本文所提出的方法可以在发动机性能退化条件下对控制系统传感器、执行机构故障以及发动机气路部件故障进行可诊断性量化评估。     

航空燃气涡轮风扇发动机故障识别诊断方法研究

航空发动机的故障预测诊断研究是视情维修制度的主要应用,以状态监控为基础的维修制度需要对航空发动机进行状态监测与故障诊断。故障状态监测与诊断研究方法的多样性使初涉者毫无头绪,为了更好地把握航空发动机故障状态监测与诊断的研究方向,选择方法的最优面组合杂交出更加有效的故障检测与诊断技术,可以解决更加复杂的系统故障问题。本文对较为典型的航空发动机故障检测与诊断技术进行简析与评价,从而更加深刻地把握航空发动机故障预测技术。     

基于自适应滑模观测器的航空发动机故障诊断

为解决现有航空发动机基于模型的在线故障诊断方法存在对模型精度要求高等的问题,利用滑模方法设计一种自适应滑模观测器对航空发动机进行在线故障重构、诊断与隔离。对传感器故障和执行机构故障分别设计了重构算法,针对两者重构故障的特点提出了判断逻辑,讨论了设计参数对于观测效果与抖振的影响。 Matlab/Simulink仿真结果显示,重构的故障与实际故障基本吻合,对故障的诊断、隔离、定位具有良好效果,并对环境不确定性具有优良的鲁棒性。     

模型基涡轴发动机传感器故障诊断研究

基于干扰解耦思想,针对涡轴发动机工作中传感器瞬时断路硬故障模式,提出一种基于模型的涡轴发动机未知输入观测器传感器硬故障诊断方法。通过对地面、高空工作的涡轴发动机不同传感器故障的模拟,验证了该故障诊断方法的有效性。结果表明,基于模型设计的未知输入观测器(UIO),能够对系统输入中的测量干扰未知输入信号进行有效解耦,同时传感器故障信息通过UIO计算获得的输出估计具有鲁捧残差性能。     

航空发动机燃油系统执行机构及其传感器故障诊断

提出了基于执行机构模型和航空发动机逆模型的执行机构及其传感器单一故障诊断和定位方法.基于执行机构小闭环结构建立了3阶执行机构传递函数模型.基于两个并联的BP(back propagation)神经网络,建立了航空发动机稳态逆模块和动态补偿模块,形成航空发动机逆模型,以实现基于航空发动机输出的燃油流量估计.以执行机构模型输出和传感器输出之间的偏差为依据进行故障判别,以航空发动机逆模型输出和传感器输出偏差为依据对故障进行定位.以某型航空发动机及其燃油系统执行机构模型为对象进行的仿真,结果表明,该诊断系统可在航空发动机稳态、动态情况下准确地诊断出幅值在1.6%以上的执行机构及其传感器故障并进行定位,验证了所提出故障诊断方法的有效性.      

航空发动机在线综合诊断结构设计及仿真验证

随着机载航空电子设备的快速发展,使得传统地面系统承担的发动机诊断任务可以在线实现。实时数据的使用,可以在线监测发动机性能退化,减少故障检测和隔离的潜伏期,增加间歇性故障的检测率。为此,提出并设计了一种用于航空发动机气路故障检测和隔离、健康监测及参数估计的在线综合诊断结构。基于xPC Target 原理搭建了硬件实时仿真平台,对该结构进行了仿真验证。仿真结果表明,该结构中的机载自适应模型对发动机健康参数、可测参数和不可测参数的估计误差在0.5%以内;气路故障诊断系统采用实时数据,可以更早地检测和隔离包含间歇性故障在内的各种气路故障。     

航空发动机燃油调节执行机构及其传感器的故障诊断与半物理仿真

为了提高航空发动机控制系统的可靠性,针对航空发动机燃油调节执行机构回路,提出了一种基于执行机构数学模型及发动机燃油逆映射模型的故障诊断方法,以实现对执行机构自身故障及其线性可变差动变压器(LVDT)位移传感器故障的检测和隔离。基于非线性回归方法极端学习机(ELM)算法建立了发动机燃油逆映射模型,保证了燃油估计的精度和实时性。为了验证该方法的可行性和有效性,以涡扇发动机主燃油调节执行机构为研究对象,在半物理仿真试验平台上进行了故障诊断的半物理仿真试验。结果表明,该故障诊断方法能快速准确地检测并区分出幅值在2%以上的执行机构故障和LVDT传感器故障。     

Accelerated Landweber iteration based control allocation for fault tolerant control of reusable launch vehicle

This paper presents a novel Fault Tolerant Control(FTC) scheme based on accelerated Landweber iteration and redistribution mechanism for a horizontal takeoff horizontal landing reusable launch vehicle(RLV). First, an adaptive law based on fixed-time non-singular fast terminal sliding mode control(NFTSMC), which focuses on the attitude tracking controller design for RLV in the presence of model couplings, parameter uncertainties and external disturbances, is proposed to produce virtual control co...     

Adaptive Integral-type Sliding Mode Control for Spacecraft Attitude Maneuvering Under Actuator Stuck Failures

A fault tolerant control (FTC) design technique against actuator stuck faults is investigated using integral-type sliding mode control (ISMC) with application to spacecraft attitude maneuvering control system. The principle of the proposed FTC scheme is to design an integral-type sliding mode attitude controller using on-line parameter adaptive updating law to compensate for the effects of stuck actuators. This adaptive law also provides both the estimates of the system parameters and external disturbances such that a prior knowledge of the spacecraft inertia or boundedness of disturbances is not required. Moreover, by including the integral feedback term, the designed controller can not only tolerate actuator stuck faults, but also compensate the disturbances with constant components. For the synthesis of controller, the fault time, patterns and values are unknown in advance, as motivated from a practical spacecraft control application. Complete stability and performance analysis are presented and illustrative simulation results of application to a spacecraft show that high precise attitude control with zero steady-error is successfully achieved using various scenarios of stuck failures in actuators.     

航空发动机故障的支持矢量机智能诊断

引入支持矢量机和多元分类算法到航空发动机故障诊断当中。通过设计的多元分类支持矢量机构建了小样本多参数航空发动机故障智能诊断模型，然后通过发动机故障仿真器对典型发动机气路故障进行了诊断。结果表明，支持矢量机具有优秀的故障学习能力，采用它进行航空发动机故障诊断是可行、有效的。     

基于核函数主元分析的航空发动机故障检测方法

航空发动机性能由正常到异常、再由异常发展到完全故障的阶段,其参数变化具有一定非线性特征。为了有效检测这种具有非线性特征的故障,提出一种基于核函数主元分析(KPCA)的非线性故障检测方法。该方法通过核函数完成非线性变换,将变量由非线性的输入空间转换到线性的特征空间,在特征空间中使用线性主元分析(PCA)方法计算主元,构造T2和SPE统计量检测故障的发生。通过对某型涡扇发动机进行实例验证分析,结果表明,KPCA方法一方面克服了综合参数法由于没有确定的警戒值而无法有效地进行故障检测的不足;另一方面KPCA方法在非线性故障检测过程中能够提取重要的非线性特征信息,因而比PCA方法能更早地检测到早期潜在故障,且KPCA方法检测错误率更低。因此,KPCA方法更适合于具有非线性特征的航空发动机故障检测。     

Simultaneous state and actuator fault estimation for satellite attitude control systems

In this paper, a new nonlinear augmented observer is proposed and applied to satellite attitude control systems. The observer can estimate system state and actuator fault simultaneously. It can enhance the performances of rapidly-varying faults estimation. Only original system matrices are adopted in the parameter design. The considered faults can be unbounded, and the proposed augmented observer can estimate a large class of faults. Systems without disturbances and the fault whose finite times derivatives are zero piecewise are initially considered, followed by a discussion of a general situation where the system is subject to disturbances and the finite times derivatives of the faults are not null but bounded. For the considered nonlinear system, convergence conditions of the observer are provided and the stability analysis is performed using Lyapunov direct method. Then a feasible algorithm is explored to compute the observer parameters using linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed approach is illustrated by considering an example of a closed-loop satellite attitude control system. The simulation results show satisfactory perfor-mance in estimating states and actuator faults. It also shows that multiple faults can be estimated successfully.     

Robust adaptive compensation control for unmanned autonomous helicopter with input saturation and actuator faults

This paper studies a robust adaptive compensation Fault Tolerant Control(FTC) for the medium-scale Unmanned Autonomous Helicopter(UAH) in the presence of external disturbances,actuator faults and input saturation.To improve the disturbance rejection capacity of the UAH system in actuator healthy case, an adaptive control method is adopted to cope with the external disturbances and a nominal controller is proposed to stabilize the system.Meanwhile, compensation control inputs are designed to reduce the negative effects derived from actuator faults and input saturation.Based on the backstepping control and inner-outer loop control technologies, a robust adaptive FTC scheme is developed to guarantee the tracking errors convergence.Under the presented FTC controller, the uniform ultimate boundedness of all closed-loop signals is ensured via Lyapunov stability analysis.Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm.     

1 种航空发动机增广模型的建立方法

精确完整的发动机线性模型对于现代航空发动机控制系统的设计与故障诊断至关重要。提出了1种用差分进化算法提取包含发动机主要特征量及其执行机构状态变量的增广发动机状态变量模型的方法,其状态变量包括发动机转速、执行机构位移、速度、控制压力等特征,并包含了执行机构的输入饱和限制,与实际系统相一致。仿真结果表明:利用该方法建立的增广发动机状态变量模型与非线性模型动态响应过程吻合良好且稳定终值一致,可用于具有工程应用价值的控制器设计及包含执行机构的发动机故障诊断。     

Reconfigurable fault-tolerant control for supersonic missiles with actuator failures under actuation redundancy

Aircraft undergoing actuator failures into under-actuation have been seldom studied in literature. Aiming at addressing actuator failures of Total Loss of Effectiveness (TLOE) as well as Partial Loss of Effectiveness (PLOE) resulting in different system actuations, reconfigurable Fault-Tolerant Control (FTC) is proposed for supersonic wingless missiles under actuation redundancy. The under-actuated system of TLOE failure patterns is solved by transformation to cascade systems through a ‘shape variable’. Meanwhile, actuator TLOE faults of different unknown failure patterns from proper actuation to under-actuation are accommodated by a reconfigurable adaptive law on a multiple-model basis. The backstepping technique with the Extended State Observer (ESO) method adopted as a basic strategy is applied to an established symmetric coupled missile system with actuator PLOE faults, modeling errors, and external disturbances. Additionally, the nonlinear saturation characteristics of actuators are settled by an auxiliary system with the Nussbaum function technique. The stability of the control system is analyzed and proven through Lyapunov theory. Numerical simulations are implemented in the presences of aerodynamic uncertainties, gust disturbance, and actuator failures. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method with satisfactory tracking performance and actuator fault tolerance capacity.     

伺服回路故障检测方法研究

航空发动机伺服回路复杂,其工作可靠性和故障容错性对于发动机安全至关重要,因此研究伺服回路的故障检测技术十分必要.提出1种基于模型监控的快速伺服回路故障检测方法,根据伺服回路物理机构从电气到机械进行故障的逐级检测,通过比较器的设计实现回路故障的快速判断.与试验结果对比表明:该方法能够准确检测系统故障,并且缩短了系统判故时间,简化了伺服机构建模和软件代码实现.为数控系统快速检测故障提供了高效的技术手段,具有一定的通用性.     

Sensor/actuator fault diagnosis based on statistical analysis of innovation sequence and Robust Kalman Filtering

In this paper, an approach to detect and isolate the aircraft sensor/actuator faults affecting the mean of the Kalman filter innovation sequence is presented. The effects of the sensor and actuator faults in the innovation process of the channels are investigated, and a decision approach to isolate the sensor and actuator faults is proposed. When a Kalman filter is used, the decision statistics change regardless of whether the fault is in the sensors or in the actuators, whilst when a Robust Kalman Filter (RKF) is used, it is easy to distinguish the sensor and actuator faults. A novel feature of this diagnostic method is that the innovation sequence based fault isolation algorithm has been presented and hence, the sensor/actuator fault detection and isolation problem has been solved. The categories (or classes) of the likely faults are not demanded. The statistical characteristics of the system are not required to be known after the fault has occurred. In the simulations, the longitudinal dynamics of an aircraft control system are considered, and the detection and isolation of pitch rate gyro faults and actuator faults affecting the mean of the innovation sequence are examined.