CE/SE法模拟爆震波点火及传播过程

运用时空守恒元和解元(CE/SE)法模拟一维爆震波的形成及传播过程,分析产生爆震波的不同机理和DDT(爆燃-爆震转捩)过程的影响因素.采取激波点火和热点点火两种点火方式,分别对应SDT(激波-爆震转捩)和DDT过程,热点点火初始场采用线性温度分布和阶梯性温度分布,整个管道均为常压.用隐式梯形方法实现刚性源项积分.结果表明,SDT和DDT对应于不同的爆震波机理,并且DDT受点火区不同参数的影响,为研究爆震波点火和DDT过程提供了理论依据.     

障碍物对激波触发爆震波影响的数值研究

为了研究不同几何形状障碍物对激波触发爆震波的影响,对氢气/空气混合物在不同马赫数的激波作用下的爆震波触发过程进行了数值模拟与分析。研究发现,对于不同几何结构的障碍物,触发爆震波的机理不同,热点的产生可以是激波与激波的相互作用,也可以是激波与壁面的相互作用。对于堵塞比较小的障碍物,合理的结构设计可以使成功触发爆震波的激波马赫数进一步减小。     

横向射流起爆爆震波数值研究

采用CFD软件对横向喷射的射流在预先充满丙烷/空气恰当比混合物的爆震室中起爆爆震波的过程和机理进行了数值模拟,并讨论了射流的压力、速度以及温度对爆震波起爆特性的影响.结果表明,对于计算的物理模型,爆震射流不能在爆震室中直接起爆爆震波;射流与壁面的碰撞形成激波反射,激波反射产生的横渡、热点和局部爆震引发起爆;能够成功起爆爆震波的横向射流存在最小的射流压力,该射流压力为0.9MPa;较小的射流压力、较小的射流速度或较低的射流温度都不利于横向射流在爆震室中起爆爆震波.     

一种组合动力装置爆震点火的三维数值模拟

为在组合动力中寻求一种可靠、高频的爆震起爆方法,对超声速环形向心射流产生的激波在抛物形凹面腔内形成激波会聚,并起爆爆震的过程进行了三维的数值模拟。分析了环形向心射流的发展、前导激波的碰撞、激波会聚起爆爆震波及爆震波传播过程的流场变化情况。研究发现:除了激波的强度和混合气的性质这两个关键影响因素以外,在一定条件下,几何条件对能否起爆爆震有非常重要的影响。前导激波的碰撞和激波会聚产生的压力升高要远高于温度升高。激波在凹面腔内会聚形成的高能区域能直接起爆过驱动爆震波,起爆后过驱动爆震波迅速衰退成CJ爆震波。爆震波平均波速为1929.8m/s,波后压力为1.5MPa,温度为3400K。     

预混气爆震波在不同直径管间的传播特性

在管径20mm与60mm的两管间研究了预混气爆震波的传播特性,着重测量了爆震波传递过程中的压力与速度变化,并分析了预混气压力、浓度、当量比以及连接段尺寸等参数对爆震波传播的影响与规律。研究发现:小管中没有爆震时大管中仍然可以出现爆震波,小张角的连接段对爆震波的再触发有利,再触发后的爆震波其压力、速度受到预混气压力、浓度及当量比等参数的影响。      

连续旋转爆震波细致结构及自持机理

基于化学非平衡流解耦方法和详细化学反应机理,在0.1mm的网格尺度下对连续旋转爆震波内流场和爆震波平掠惰性气体界面的传播过程进行了数值模拟。详细分析了连续旋转爆震波的空间结构,由于在出口侧无几何约束,受一系列稀疏波的影响,旋转爆震波强度受到不同程度的削弱,形状也发生了相应的变化。爆震波平掠惰性气体界面时的流场分布与连续旋转爆震波结构极为类似,对比研究了波前可燃气体层高度对爆震波结构和传播过程的影响,当爆震波高度较小时,其抵御惰性气体侧稀疏波衰减的能力弱,波阵面严重变形,爆震波解耦。若爆震波要稳定自持传播,其必须要达到一定的临界高度来抵御稀疏波的影响。     

圆盘结构下旋转爆震波的不稳定传播特性

为研究圆盘结构下旋转爆震波的不稳定传播特性,以2H2+O2+3.76N2为反应混合物,开展该结构下的二维数值研究。详细分析了旋转爆震波不稳定传播模态的流场特征,以及爆震波参数、出口流场参数和增压比的变化。结果表明,不稳定传播模态下,旋转爆震波重复进行"解耦—再起爆"过程,内圆扩张曲面的发散作用,使出口附近的爆震波首先解耦,解耦区域逐渐往流场内部扩张;反射激波与前导激波的碰撞产生局部热点,促使爆震波重新起爆;爆震波的压力、温度以及传播速度皆随爆震波的解耦及再起爆过程发生变化;旋转爆震波的不稳定传播对出口速度分量及马赫数的影响很小;出口增压比受不稳定传播的影响较大,随时间呈周期性变化,变化幅值较高且不稳定。出口增压比的循环周期与爆震波"解耦—再起爆"的周期一致,稳定后两者的循环频率约为21.6kHz。     

有、无障碍物爆震管起爆过程的CE/SE模拟

用时空守恒元和解元(CE/SE)法模拟有无障碍物情况下爆震管二维爆震波的形成和传播过程,分析爆震波的不同机理,研究在较低能量下,点火区温度、爆震管管径以及障碍物对爆燃-爆震转捩过程(DDT)的影响.控制方程采取无量纲形式,用拓展的隐式梯形法实现刚性源项积分.研究表明,点火能量与点火压力相关,在较低的点火能量下,可以通过提高点火温度、减小爆震管径及加入障碍物加强爆震过程,减小爆燃-爆震转捩过程DDT时间和距离.为研究爆震波点火和DDT过程提供了理论依据.      

液态碳氢燃料旋转爆震发动机起爆过程试验研究

为了分析液态碳氢燃料/纯净空气旋转爆震发动机从点火到旋转爆震波稳定传播过程的影响因素,采用预爆震管点火进行了相关试验研究。获得了预爆震波压力、燃烧室油气比、来流总温、点火器安装方式等对旋转爆震发动机起爆过程的影响。试验结果表明：旋转爆震波起爆时间随着预爆震波压力升高而缩短;来流总温740K,变化当量比时,越接近当量比1,旋转爆震起爆时间越短;工质为当量混气时,来流总温通过影响燃油的蒸发过程进而影响旋转起爆时间,总温673K以上时,起爆时间约10ms;预爆点火器垂直安装比切向安装更快形成旋转爆震波。     

混气活性对爆震波在突扩段传播特性的影响研究

为研究爆震波经过突扩段的传播特性,实验采用低活性混气C2H2+2.5O2+70%Ar和高活性混气C2H2+2.5O2,测量了爆震波在扩张比为1.34的圆管间传播的速度变化,并运用化学反应动力学分析爆震波动力学参数。结果表明:爆震波在小管出口的速度至多降至0.6倍的Chapman-Jouguet爆震波速。高活性混气触发的爆震波的成功传播是由于在大管产生局部爆炸,随后形成了过驱爆震波。相应地,低活性混气触发的爆震波不会形成过驱爆震波,且波速的波动范围较小。当预混气体压力小于爆震波从小管向大管成功传播的最低压力时,低活性混气触发的爆震波更快地衰减为爆燃波。通过化学反应动力学分析可知,高活性混气的爆震波稳定性参数较高,更容易形成局部爆炸。在最低压力处两种混气的爆震波诱导区长度接近0.8mm,管径与胞格宽度之比接近于1,因此爆震波在圆管中传播的准则可以用于预估爆震波在扩张比为1.34的圆管内能否成功传播。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

ν-gap度量及其在飞行控制律评估中的应用

 传统控制律评估方法主要用于单输入单输出（SISO）系统，且对模型参数摄动考虑不够全面,针对这些不足，研究了ν-gap度量方法。在介绍系统广义稳定裕度相关概念的基础上，给出了ν-gap度量的定义、特点和性质以及近似摄动模型的计算，提出ν-gap度量评估控制律的步骤。实例结果表明，该方法不仅克服了上述传统评估方法的缺陷，而且还有根据所求的各摄动影响情况忽略影响小的元素，以减少计算量及可以找到最坏情况下的参数摄动组合等优点。     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.