在冲击噪声环境中基于子空间的测向算法研究

 首先分析了冲击噪声的性质以及它对传统的基于二阶或高阶统计量的子空间测向技术的影响, 然后提出了一种新的在冲击噪声环境中基于子空间的阵列测向算法。该算法利用TLS-ESPRIT 算法的基本思想, 通过对阵列输出信号的协变异系数矩阵进行奇异值分解来估计来波方位, 最后进行了计算机仿真试验, 验证了该算法的可行性和有效性。     

子空间投影DOA估计算法分析及合成空间谱

 针对子空间投影波达方向（DOA）估计方法在非理想条件下性能下降的问题,提出利用加权信号子空间投影和噪声子空间投影获得合成空间谱的DOA估计方法。从不同空间投影矩阵的角度对多种基于特征分解的子空间投影DOA估计方法进行归类分析,在分析的基础上通过对信号子空间投影采用主特征值倒数加权,并与常规噪声子空间投影进行空间谱合成对多目标进行分辨。合成空间谱在低信噪比、小快拍数和非等强多目标条件下具有优良的目标分辨能力和稳健性。理论和统计性能分析表明其性能优于多重信号分类（MUSIC）和信号子空间模变MUSIC（SSMUSIC）方法,有较高的工程应用价值。     

非圆信号的贝叶斯稀疏重构阵列测向方法

对信号非圆特性的有效利用能显著改善子空间类阵列测向方法的性能,但难以弥补此类方法在低信噪比（SNR）、小样本等信号环境适应能力方面的局限。本文引入贝叶斯稀疏学习（SBL）技术以解决非圆信号的波达方向（DOA）估计问题,在结合信号非圆特性的同时对入射信号的空域稀疏性加以利用,通过将非圆信号阵列输出协方差矩阵和共轭协方差矩阵在预先定义的空域字典集上进行稀疏重构,得到入射信号的空间谱重构结果,并依据其谱峰位置估计各信号的方向。该方法对独立和相关信号都具有较好的适应能力,仿真结果验证了该方法在信号环境适应能力和相关信号测向精度等方面的优势。     

利用分数低阶空时矩阵进行冲击噪声环境下的DOA估计

研究冲击噪声环境下的信号DOA估计问题。在对称α稳定(SαS: Symmetric α-stable)分布冲击噪声假设下,定义了一个阵列接收数据的广义分数低阶空时矩阵。理论分析表明,对广义分数低阶空时矩阵进行奇异值分解可获得噪声子空间估计。与信号空间DOA估计技术相结合,提出一种新的基于信号空间分解的DOA估计算法。该算法在低信噪比下对强冲击噪声具有更好的抑制作用。计算机仿真证明了算法的有效性。     

窄带信号小样本谱估计算法

针对窄带平稳随机信号的小样本谱估计问题,结合均匀线性阵列的空间谱估计算法,提出了一种高性能小样本谱估计算法。该算法首先利用采样数据构造一个Toeplitz矩阵;然后对该矩阵进行特征值分解得到信号子空间和噪声子空间;再结合MUSIC、ESPRIT等子空间算法,即可实现对小样本采样数据的谱估计。数值仿真验证了该算法的有效性。     

基于迭代QR分解的DOA估计技术

提出了一种基于迭代QR分解的信源到达角(DOA)估计技术.DOA估计的子空间方法主要是通过估计信号协方差矩阵的信号子空间或者噪声子空间来求出信号的DOA参数.估计这些子空间通常需要大量的计算,采用ASIC实现时其成本会非常昂贵.本文采用迭代QR分解方法进行子空间分解,可以利用较少量的计算资源完成处理任务.仿真实验结果达到0.23毫弧度,说明该算法比较可靠有效.     

利用频谱仪实现多信号测向

随着通信技术的发展,无线电信号之间的干扰越来越严重,无线电信号的测向技术在无线电监测系统中的地位也越来越重要。本文针对目前无线电测向系统的不足,对比较常用的需要硬件支持最少的测向方法———最大信号法进行了改进,设计了一套适用于便携式测向系统使用的测向方法,借助频谱仪实现了多信号的测向,使得测向的频谱范围、随机信号捕获和测向精度得以很大的改进。系统能够对30MHz~18GHz范围内的任意一段频谱进行测向,可以获取测试频段内任意15个典型信号的频点及其方位角和俯仰角信息,测向的最大误差为2°。     

短波段内多重信号分类算法的窄带假设分析

经典空间谱估计算法的两个适用假设是远场平面波和窄带信号。文章利用7单元均匀线列阵仿真分析了短波波段内多重信号分类（MUSIC）算法的窄带假设上限带宽。可以发现：对于短波信号,50kHz的带宽所带来的测向误差不超过O．08°。这就意味着,对于短波通信信号的侦察测向完全可以采用经典空间谱估计算法,比如MUSIC算法,而不需要为窄带假设来付出代价,这便为设计高精度的短波通信实时测向系统提供了条件。     

多重信号分类算法测向精度的仿真分析

作为空间谱估计理论体系中的标志性算法,多重信号分类算法从1979年提出后就一直是阵列信号处理领域的研究热点之一。针对复杂电磁环境中阵列测向的实际应用问题,从多信源、含噪宽带信号、入射角度、阵列间距这4个因素对多重信号分类算法的测向精度作了仿真分析,得出了一些结论。     

一种盲多波束形成GNSS天线阵抗干扰算法

天线阵抗干扰是现代卫星导航接收机抗干扰的重要手段。传统的天线阵波束形成类算法能够在抑制干扰的同时提升抗干扰后输出信噪比,但是在信号捕获阶段,由于缺少先验信息的支持,该类算法无法在信号方向形成增益。因此,提出了一种盲多波束形成的天线阵抗干扰算法,通过形成多个波束覆盖天线阵上半球面,可在无先验信息的条件下对卫星信号形成增益,从而提升信号捕获阶段信噪比,使得接收机在干扰环境中具备更强的信号捕获能力。仿真结果表明:与传统的天线阵抗干扰算法相比,提出的算法能够在有效抑制干扰的同时显著提升接收机信号捕获成功率。     

Effect of Single-Bit Digitization in Adaptive Array Control Loops

The properties of an adaptive array antenna, including transient response rate and control loop noise, depend on the intensity of the external noise field. The dependence can be reduced by 1-bit digitization of the real and imaginary parts of the signals from which the envelopes in the control loops are formed. This can be done without degrading the performance of the adaptive array.     

Control-Loop Noise in Adaptive Array Antennas

Adaptive array receiving antennas can be designed to sense the external noise field and to optimize the array illumination function. A substantial improvement in signal-to-noise ratio can be obtained with adaptive arrays when the external noise field is nonuniformly distributed in angle. The external noise process may be time varying and contain both discrete sources and continuously distributed sources. Two adaptive array implementations which maximize the signal-to-noise ratio are described in this paper. Expressions are derived for control-loop noise, i.e., the variance of the array element weights, and for the additional noise in the array output due to this element weight noise. It is shown that both the element weight noise and the array convergence rate are determined by the eigenvalues of the noise covariance matrix.     

一种基于三维阵列结构二维波达方向估计的新方法

给出了一种在高斯白噪声环境下对多个窄带信号进行二维波达方向估计的新方法.该方法根据给出的天线阵列结构的特点,首先构造四个相关矩阵,进而构造一个大的矩阵,对其进行一次特征值分解,由ESPRIT原理实现了信号波达方向的准确估计.该方法精度较高,不存在错误估计,有一定的实用性.     

A Superlimiting Phased-Array Receiving System in a Two-Source Environment

The performance of a uniformly spaced phased-steered line array with element channel superlimiting is studied for far-field sources consisting of 1) two sinusoidal signals with different frequencies and angular locations, and 2) a sinusoid and a noise signal at different angular locations. Attention is focused on the nonlinear case where internal noise is negligible compared to both input signals. The analysis for the two-sinusoid case gives the precise frequencies, positions, and amplitudes of all apparent sources. In addition to the two active sources, the array output has an array of images arranged symmetrically in sine space about the larger input, at intervals equal to the spacing between the two active sources. For the case of a separated sinusoid and a noise source, the analysis shows that the angular positions and average powers of the array outputs duplicate the double-sinusoid results, but the images have noise-like spectra. The analyses are confirmed by experimental results obtained with a 60-element superlimiting X-band array.     

Limitations of Series-Fed Arrays in Broadband Communications

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the signal distortion which results when long, series-fed arrays are used for communication. It is shown that under certain conditions the antenna array can be considered a linear filter, the response of which is a function of frequency as well as spatial coordinates. The distortion accompanying the transmission as measured by the least mean-square difference between the transmitted and the received signals is derived. This expression is evaluated for the case of a uniformly excited array and a rectangular band-pass signal spectrum. In the absence of noise the transmitted signal can be completely recovered in the receiver by employing the proper linear filter. In the presence of noise the signal cannot, of course, be completely recovered. However, a technique for minimizing the distortion, in this case using a pre-filter and a post-filter, is investigated.     

基于声学风洞的麦克风阵列测试技术应用研究

根据声学风洞气动噪声试验研究的需求,介绍了一种适用于声学风洞试验的麦克风阵列测试技术,并针对声学风洞的特点,利用风洞射流剪切层修正方法,提高了麦克风阵列识别声源的精准度。通过数值仿真和在0．55m×0．4m声学风洞的试验研究,验证了麦克风阵列测试系统和麦克风阵列数据处理方法识别声源的能力。研究结果表明所采用的麦克风阵列测试技术可用于声学风洞试验。最后还采用36通道的麦克风阵列在0．55m×0．4m声学风洞开展了NACA23018翼型气动噪声试验研究,试验明显地观察到翼型后缘噪声,获得不同迎角下翼型的噪声特性。     

Bayesian Detection of Targets of Unknown Location

In this paper the array detection problem for certain deterministic signals in spatially uncorrelated Gaussian noise is formulated in Bayesian terms and the required likelihood ratios and resulting performance characteristics are obtained. Primary emphasis is on detection of targets of unknown spatial location using a likelihood ratio approach, with the target location treated as a random parameter, rather than an estimator-correlator approach. The tradeoff among array parameters and signal parameters is demonstrated. It is shown that the dominant uncertainty affecting detection performance seems to be that of location when compared with uncertainty on energy and/or phase.     

The Effect of Interfering Signals on the Performance of Angle of Arrival Estimates

The performance of angle of arrival estimates using an array in the presence of interfering signals is evaluated using the Cramer-Rao bound. To do this, a model for interference is developed which presents the interference as narrowband, temporally white, but spatially correlated, noise. The bound is evaluated and it is shown to depend upon the ambiguity function of the array and spatial correlation matrix of the noise plus interference. Motivation of the model in the context of air traffic control and sonar surveillance is presented.     

MEMS陀螺阵列技术研究进展

MEMS陀螺仪体积小、功耗低的优点扩展了惯性器件的应用领域,对于制导武器的小型化具有重要的意义.但国内MEMS陀螺仪精度相对偏低、噪声大,这限制了它在高精度军事领域的应用.陀螺阵列可以利用冗余信息有效提高MEMS陀螺的精度,实现低精度陀螺的高精度应用,而不需要技术和工艺的突破.介绍了MEMS陀螺阵列的基本原理,总结了陀螺阵列近年来的研究进展.在此基础上,提出了陀螺阵列的4大关键技术:陀螺冗余系统配置,误差分析、建模与标定,故障诊断以及信息融合.最后,分析了陀螺阵列的发展特点以及研究重点,给出了MEMS陀螺阵列技术未来的发展思路.     

大型客机前起落架气动噪声源三维阵列识别技术研究

起落架噪声作为现代大型飞机机体噪声在起降阶段的主要贡献成分,其噪声机理较为复杂,涉及到钝体湍流涡脱落噪声、腔体部件空腔噪声以及起落架舱腔体与支柱柱体之间的非线性耦合噪声。由于起落架中存在复杂的三维流场以及声波的反射和绕射会产生噪声,而二维麦克风阵列在垂向的分辨率较差,无法获得声源完整且准确的三维空间分布信息,因此采用三维麦克风阵列技术对起落架噪声进行研究。使用3D Beamforming算法(波束成形算法)和3D CLEAN-SC算法(空间相干的洁净算法)结合同步测量和非同步测量的方式实现了对模拟信号和实际测量数据所得频谱中特定的离散声进行声源识别定位,并在北航D5低速风洞进行开口段气动噪声实验,以1/2缩比的LAGOON起落架为研究对象,在过顶和流向方向布置两组平面阵列,构成三维阵列进行同步和非同步的噪声测量,确定了起落架中主要噪声源的位置,对认知噪声机理提供了新的借鉴和思考。