共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 125 毫秒
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传统动力学定轨法受制于动力学模型精度,传统几何定轨法精度受限,只能达到亚米级,而基于精密单点定位(PPP)模式的几何定轨法一般采用浮点解,定轨精度及可靠性较基于双差模式的相对定位较差。为提高PPP模式低轨定轨的定位性能,利用中国区域内外的IGS测站计算出当前所有卫星的宽巷和窄巷相位小数偏差产品,对经过中国大陆区域上空的国产低轨卫星海洋二号(HY-2)和资源三号 (ZY-3) 卫星进行固定模糊度PPP的定轨解算,与事后精密轨道结果进行比较,分析其外符合精度。结果表明:仅利用约10min弧段的HY-2和ZY-3卫星数据,切向与径向的定轨精度可达2cm左右,法向为5cm左右,较浮点解定轨精度大幅提升。基于固定模糊度PPP的定轨方法能够满足厘米级的实时精密定轨。 相似文献
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为支持我国首次火星探测任务取得圆满成功,宇航动力学国家重点实验室将全自主开发的精密定轨平台系统,应用于环火星轨道确定中。为满足多对象、多弧段、多中心天体的定轨需求,平台系统设计了卫星结构、测站结构、观测结构和天体结构4大基础结构,并在4大基础结构之上,设计了灵活的弧段结构和估计结构。为验证平台系统是否具备环火星定轨能力,平台系统首先使用2020年上半年跟踪火星快车实验的数据对测量模型进行了检核,得到了理论测距和实测测距偏差(11m~21m);其次,使用2009年实测双程测速和三程测速数据定轨,单独使用双程测速定轨,轨道与欧空局精密星历位置偏差最大不超过100m,测速残差的均方根(Root Mean Square, RMS)为0.0137(cm/s)。使用三程测速定轨,位置偏差不超过250m,三程测速RMS为0.0119(cm/s);最后,使用两天三站测距仿真进行了自定轨验证,初轨和随机差都基本收敛回仿真初值。结果显示,宇航动力学国家重点实验室精密定轨系统能够满足我国首次火星探测任务的基本需求。 相似文献
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为提高深空探测器的自主导航能力, 利用脉冲星导航的脉冲到达时间和脉冲星 角位置测量值、紫外敏感器中心天体质心相对于探测器的方向矢量和距离测量 值以及紫外敏感器输出的航天器姿态角, 以探测器在惯性坐标系下的位置和速度、 探测器本体坐标系相对于惯性坐标系的姿态角、星载时钟钟差为系统状态变量, 通过联邦扩展卡尔曼滤波器估计组合导航系统的系统状态, 并利用火星环绕段 轨道数据进行仿真实验. 仿真结果表明, 该组合导航方法能够使火星轨道器 在环绕段飞行中同时进行定轨、定姿和授时, 且具有较高的导航精度和授时能力. 相似文献
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严格回归轨道的管道导航方法研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
分析了作为参考轨道的严格回归轨道与卫星在轨运行状态的相对运动关系,提出近地遥感卫星的管道导航方法。由于参考轨道的设计只考虑高精度的地球非球形摄动,与在轨卫星的动力学环境存在差别,这导致两者之间存在切航向漂移。基于高精度的轨道动力学模型和位置确定方法,设计了卫星与参考轨道采样点的沿航向对齐算法,从而获取了卫星相对参考轨道采样点的相位时间偏差和卫星在参考轨道编队坐标系切航向平面内的相对运动轨迹,进而引入椭圆的“最小二乘适配法”获取相对运动轨迹的特征量。所研究的管道导航方法可应用于基于GNSS测量数据的卫星自主轨迹保持。 相似文献
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基于单频星载GPS数据的低轨卫星精密定轨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为满足搭载单频GPS接收机低轨卫星的精密定轨需求以及深化单频定轨研究,文中解决了单频星载GPS数据的周跳探测问题,并利用“海洋二号”(HY-2A)卫星及“资源三号”(ZY-3)卫星的单频星载GPS实测数据采用两种方法确定了二者的简化动力学轨道,并通过观测值残差分析、与双频精密轨道比较、激光测卫数据检核等方法对所得轨道精度进行评定。结果表明,在不考虑电离层延迟影响的情况下,HY-2A卫星定轨精度为2~3dm,ZY-3卫星为1m左右;而采用半和改正组合消除电离层延迟一阶项影响后,二者定轨精度均显著提高,HY-2A卫星三维精度提高至1dm左右,ZY-3卫星提高至1~2dm。文章的研究成果表明,搭载单频GPS接收机的低轨卫星也可获得厘米级的定轨精度。 相似文献
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大型自由翻滚碎片的质心是在轨操作基坐标系下的不动点,也是碎片连体基下动力学参数向卫星坐标系转换的基准,对其精确识别是提高碎片动力学参数辨识精度的关键。提出基于惯性单元测量数据与双目视觉定位数据融合的大型空间碎片质心位置识别方法。基于无力矩欧拉方程,获取附着到空间碎片表面的惯性单元间转换关系,利用该转换关系对惯性单元冗余测量数据优化,再优化求解惯性单元到质心点距离;利用双目视觉获取惯性单元上标记点动态坐标,再利用惯性单元到质心点距离,基于三点定位原理识别大型空间碎片的质心位置。以加入高斯白噪声的惯性单元与双目视觉测量数据进行仿真,结果表明优化解算后惯性单元实时测量数据的误差降低到1%以下,解算的质心位置三轴误差小于0.47mm;开展了地面试验,结果表明,解算的质心位置三轴误差小于0.49mm。仿真和试验证明,该方法能够为大型空间碎片的消旋、捕获任务提供准确的数据基准。 相似文献
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2015年9月20日,长征-6运载火箭在太原卫星发射中心以“一箭二十星”方式将希望-2卫星发射入轨。入轨后卫星顺利开展各项在轨试验,其中希望-2A卫星根据任务需要进行了多批次轨道控制,将轨道高度降低了60多千米。希望-2卫星通过获取热层大气密度原位数据正向探测大气密度时空分布关系,优化热层大气阻力模型,并结合多频点全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)原始测量数据及卫星激光测距(SLR)、甚长基线干涉测量(VLBI)等多体制精密测定轨试验,反向推演大气密度变化机理,为提高低轨航天器定轨预报精度获取有效连续的实测数据支撑,同时配置空间无线电台,为全球无线电爱好者提供服务。 相似文献
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航天器动力学模型误差是降低轨道确定精度的关键因素之一,文章将航天器动力学模型中的模型误差转化为测量模型的系统误差,建立了测量方程的部分线性模型;并根据补偿最小二乘原理,推导了部分线性模型参数估计方法,并证明了相关性质。仿真试验表明:部分线性模型更接近测量数据的真实表现;基于补偿最小二乘的航天器轨道改进方法能有效逼近航天器状态真值,定轨精度显著优于传统最小二乘估计。 相似文献
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基于高轨航天器的GNSS接收机技术 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
《中国空间科学技术》2017,(3)
全球导航卫星系统(Global Navigation Satellite System,GNSS)应用于高轨航天器时,因轨道高于导航卫星,可见星数量急剧减少,空间信号功率微弱,信号的快速捕获和跟踪十分困难。文章对高轨地球同步轨道(Geosynchronous Earth Orbit,GEO)接收技术进行了研究。以中国实践十七号卫星为研究对象,采用官方正式发布的发射天线方向图对GEO下GNSS信号特征及可用性开展研究分析,并针对高轨道航天器GNSS信号微弱的特点,采用长时间积分处理的梳状滤波方法、差分相干累加比特同步算法和基于动力学模型补偿的扩展卡尔曼滤波自主定轨算法设计GNSS接收机,并在半物理仿真平台进行了测试验证。试验结果表明:GNSS接收机捕获灵敏度优于-173dBW,跟踪灵敏度优于-175dBW,定轨位置精度优于50m,速度精度优于0.01m/s。 相似文献
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基于GNSS的高轨卫星定位技术研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
利用全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)进行导航定位具有全球、全天候、实时和高精度的优点,应用于高地球轨道(HEO)卫星的定位,能够提供精确的轨道和姿态确定,并且可以克服目前主要利用地面测控系统对HEO卫星进行定位的设备复杂、投资高等缺点,使得自主导航成为可能.本文对利用GNSS的高轨卫星定位相关技术进行了研究,分析了单一GNSS系统和多个GNSS组合系统的卫星可见性、动态性和几何精度因子(GDOP).通过仿真分析表明,利用组合GNSS系统并通过提高GNSS接收机灵敏度的方法,可以解决GNSS进行HEO卫星定位的相关问题,并能保证HEO卫星定位精度的要求. 相似文献
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《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2023,71(5):2206-2224
The BeiDou navigation satellite system (BDS) comprises geostationary earth orbit (GEO) satellites as well as inclined geosynchronous orbit (IGSO) and medium earth orbit (MEO) satellites. Owing to their special orbital characteristics, GEO satellites require frequent orbital maneuvers to ensure that they operate in a specific orbital window. The availability of the entire system is affected during the maneuver period because service cannot be provided before the ephemeris is restored. In this study, based on the conventional dynamic orbit determination method for navigation satellites, multiple sets of instantaneous velocity pulses parameters which belong to one of pseudo-stochastic parameters were used to simulate the orbital maneuver process in the orbital maneuver arc and establish the observed and predicted orbits of the maneuvered and non-maneuvered satellites of BeiDou regional navigation satellite system (BDS-2) and BeiDou global navigation satellite system (BDS-3). Finally, the single point positioning (SPP) technology was used to verify the accuracy of the observed and predicted orbits. The orbit determination accuracy of maneuvered satellites can be greatly improved by using the orbit determination method proposed in this paper. The overlapping orbit determination accuracy of maneuvered GEO satellites of BDS-2 and BDS-3 can improve 2–3 orders of magnitude. Among them, the radial orbit determination accuracy of each maneuvered satellite is basically better than 1 m. simultaneously, the combined orbit determination of the maneuvered and non-maneuvered satellites does not have a great impact on the orbit determination accuracy of the non-maneuvered satellites. Compared with the multi GNSS products (indicated by GBM) from the German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ), the impact of adding the maneuvered satellites on the orbit determination accuracy of BDS-2 satellites is less than 9 %. Furthermore, the orbital recovery time and the service availability period are significantly improved. When the node of the predicted orbit is traversed approximately 3 h after the maneuver, the accuracy of the predicted orbit of the maneuvered satellite can reach that of the observed orbit. The SPP results for the BDS reached a normal level when the node of the predicted orbit was 2 h after the maneuver. 相似文献
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Bingbing Duan Urs Hugentobler Inga Selmke 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2019,63(5):1803-1812
Solar Radiation Pressure (SRP) is the dominant non-gravitational perturbation for GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) satellites. In the absence of precise surface models, the Empirical CODE Orbit Models (ECOM, ECOM2) are widely used in GNSS satellite orbit determination. Based on previous studies, the use of an a priori box-wing model enhances the ECOM model, especially if the spacecraft is a stretched body satellite. However, so far not all the GNSS system providers have published their metadata. To ensure a precise use of the a priori box-wing model, we estimate the optical parameters of all the Galileo, BeiDou-2, and QZS-1 (Quasi Zenith Satellite System) satellites based on the physical processes from SRP to acceleration. Validation using orbit prediction proves that the adjusted parameters of Galileo and QZS-1 satellites exhibit almost the same performance as the corresponding published and “best guess” values. Whereas, the estimated parameters of BeiDou-2 satellites demonstrate an improvement of more than 60% over the initial “guess” values. The resulting optical parameters of all the satellites are introduced into an a priori box-wing model, which is jointly used with ECOM and ECOM2 model in the orbit determination. Results show that the pure ECOM2 model exhibits better performance than the pure ECOM model for Galileo, BeiDou-2 GEO and QZS-1 orbits. Combined with the a priori box-wing model the ECOM model (ECOM+BW) results in the best Galileo, BeiDou-2 GEO and QZS-1 orbits. The standard deviation (STD) of satellite laser ranging residuals reduce by about 20% and 5% with respect to the pure ECOM2 model for Galileo and BeiDou-2 GEO orbits, while the reductions are about 40% and 60% for QZS-1 orbits in yaw-steering and orbit-normal mode respectively. BeiDou-2 IGSO and MEO satellite orbits do not benefit much from the a priori box-wing model. In summary, we suggest setting up a unified SRP model of ECOM+BW for Galileo, QZS-1, and BeiDou-2 orbits based on the adjusted metadata. In addition, we estimate the optical parameters of BeiDou-3e and QZS-2 satellites using a limited number of tracking stations. Results regarding the unified SRP model indicate the same advantages, the STD of satellite laser ranging residuals reduces by about 30% and 20% for QZS-2 and BeiDou-3e orbits respectively over orbit products without a priori model. The estimation procedure is effective and easy to apply to the new emerging satellites in the future. 相似文献
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《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2020,65(1):235-250
We present a family of empirical solar radiation pressure (SRP) models suited for satellites orbiting the Earth in the orbit normal (ON) mode. The proposed ECOM-TB model describes the SRP accelerations in the so-called terminator coordinate system. The choice of the coordinate system and the SRP parametrization is based on theoretical assumptions and on simulation results with a QZS-1-like box-wing model, where the SRP accelerations acting on the solar panels and on the box are assessed separately. The new SRP model takes into account that in ON-mode the incident angle of the solar radiation on the solar panels is not constant like in the yaw-steering (YS) attitude mode. It depends on the elevation angle of the Sun above the satellite’s orbital plane. The resulting SRP vector acts, therefore, not only in the Sun-satellite direction, but has also a component normal to it. Both components are changing as a function of the incident angle. ECOM-TB has been used for precise orbit determination (POD) for QZS-1 and BeiDou2 (BDS2) satellites in medium (MEO) and inclined geosynchronous Earth orbits (IGSO) based on IGS MGEX data from 2014 and 2015. The resulting orbits have been validated with SLR, long-arc orbit fits, orbit misclosures, and by the satellite clock corrections based on the orbits. The validation results confirm that—compared to ECOM2—ECOM-TB significantly (factor 3–4) improves the POD of QZS-1 in ON-mode for orbits with different arc lengths (one, three, and five days). Moderate orbit improvements are achieved for BDS2 MEO satellites—especially if ECOM-TB is supported by pseudo-stochastic pulses (the model is then called ECOM-TBP). For BDS2 IGSOs, ECOM-TB with its 9 SRP parameters appears to be over-parameterized. For use with BDS2 IGSO spacecraft we therefore developed a minimized model version called ECOM-TBMP, which is based on the same axis decomposition as ECOM-TB, but has only 2 SRP parameters and is supported by pseudo-stochastic parameters, as well. This model shows a similar performance as ECOM-TB with short arcs, but an improved performance with (3-day) long-arcs. The new SRP models have been activated in CODE’s IGS MGEX solution in Summer 2018. Like the other ECOM models the ECOM-TB derivatives might be used together with an a priori model. 相似文献
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导航星座轨道的长期保持是星座导航系统运营管理的重要组成部分,而现有的导航卫星地面定轨算法又存在精度不高或计算量大不适合工程应用的问题。为此,研究了单向、被动测量模式的导航卫星地面定轨算法。基于单向伪距观测,将导航卫星钟差参数作为状态量,推导了滤波算法的状态方程、测量方程,并最终建立了滤波器模型。以不同轨道面的4颗GPS导航卫星为例进行了2天的仿真试验,考虑卫星的可见性仿真中加入了测量中断,并设计在测量恢复后重启滤波算法。仿真结果表明,4颗卫星的轨道位置估计精度可以达到米级,钟差随机偏差的估计精度可以达到纳秒级,并且在滤波中断后重启滤波器,仍然可以达到此估计精度,表明此定轨算法具有收敛性和稳定性。 相似文献
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轨道器精密定轨与着陆器的精确定位在深空探测任务中具有非常重要的科学意义。对一种月球与火星探测多程微波测量链路的定轨定位能力进行了初步仿真分析,推导了这种多程微波测量链路的测量模型,分析了该模型的优势。模拟仿真分析结果表明,此测量跟踪模式的数据具有提升轨道精度的潜在能力,并且同时求得着陆器的位置。定量分析表明,在考虑坐标系转换误差,重力场误差,行星历表误差以及星上转发误差的情况下,模拟1 mm/s的噪声,对于月球探测器来说,轨道器的定轨精度可达几米,着陆器的定位精度有望达到分米量级;对于火星探测器来说,轨道器的定轨精度可达到数10 m,着陆器的定位精度可达到几米。 相似文献
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针对超低轨卫星姿态控制差异化需求,开展了基于气动舵机辅助的姿态控制策略研究。完成了超低轨道稀薄大气下卫星气动舵机布局设计与气动特性研究,理论气动力可达10-1 N量级,气动力矩可达10-1 N·m量级。在此基础上,完成了基于气动舵机辅助的姿态控制策略研究。通过仿真验证,在x轴采用动量轮控制、y轴和z轴采用气动舵机辅助控制情况下,可实现优于0.004°的三轴指向精度和优于0.000 7(°)/s的三轴姿态稳定度。所设计气动舵机辅助姿态控制策略对超低轨卫星技术应用与发展具有重要技术价值和工程意义。 相似文献
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微纳卫星深空探测任务中,通常所分配的测控资源有限,因此有必要对有限测控资源条件下微纳卫星的定轨精度进行分析。以微纳卫星深空探测为背景,采用"龙江2号"微卫星的轨道测量数据对其定轨精度进行了分析。"龙江2号"微卫星只有USB轨道测量数据,且环月段测控资源相对紧张,每天有两站跟踪,共约3~4 h的轨道测量数据。首先介绍了"龙江2号"微卫星飞行任务及其飞行过程中影响测定轨的因素;其次给出了定轨的动力学模型,对微卫星地月转移段的定轨精度进行了分析;最后通过分析摄动力、动量轮卸载以及数据弧段长度的影响,给出了微卫星环月阶段所使用的定轨策略,并通过重叠弧段比较的模式,给出了微卫星环月段的定轨精度。研究结论可以为后续微纳卫星深空探测任务提供有益参考。 相似文献