考虑燃料晃动效应的航天器自适应滑模姿态控制

针对一类带有球形储液箱的航天器,在将其等效为单摆模型的基础上,分析了系统方程的特点,将系统的状态变量分为两部分,并考虑到在航天器机动过程中燃料消耗作用的影响,导致系统方程中的三个重要参数发生变化.基于以上原因,设计了一种自适应分层滑模控制器,采用李雅普诺夫函数法求取自适应控制律和总的控制量,保证闭环系统的稳定性.最后通过仿真验证这种控制器设计不仅可以使系统姿态在短期时间之内达到稳态,还同时抑制了液体晃动产生的影响.     

充液航天器大角度机动自适应无源控制

研究了基于自适应无源控制的三轴稳定充液航天器大角度姿态机动问题.将液体晃动等效为黏性球摆模型,利用动量矩守恒定理推导出充液航天器耦合动力学方程.针对陀螺故障及无陀螺配置导致航天器姿态无角速度测量的情况,同时考虑存在外部未知干扰、转动惯量不确定性以及液体晃动位移不可测量的特性,设计自适应输出反馈无源控制,其中自适应更新律用于补偿外部未知干扰和估计液体晃动的位移变量.利用Lyapunov方法和LaSalle不变引理,证明该控制律不但可以保证闭环系统渐进稳定,而且可以保证二个期望平衡位置均达到稳定.仿真结果验证了本文控制方法的有效性.     

充液航天器目标跟踪自适应控制

对于在零重力环境下受到横向控制力和俯仰控制力矩作用的带球形贮液箱的航天器模型,研究了其在平面运动的动力学特性.将晃动液体等效为单摆模型,利用Lagrange方法建立了系统动力学方程并且将其转化为状态变量方程形式;应用微分几何原理,以单输入—单输出系统（SISO）为例,研究了系统的非线性动力学特性,并进一步针对目标跟踪问题设计了SISO系统基于线性化模型的控制策略.研究结果表明：对于液体晃动-航天器姿态耦合动力学系统采用极点配置间接自校正控制策略能够实现姿态角的镇定及跟踪.     

一类带液体晃动航天器的姿态控制

针对一类带液体晃动的航天器,在建立系统数学模型的基础上,利用一种分层滑模的设计方法来设计控制器．将系统状态变量分成可自行到达平衡位置和需要施加控制才能到达平衡位置两部分,对于需要施加控制达到预定平衡位置的状态变量,用分层滑模控制来设计控制律,将其分解成两个子系统,分别构造滑动平面,采用Lyapunov方法求取总控制量．当系统接近平衡位置时,双层滑模控制器退化成单层控制器,保证系统能够稳定在最终的平衡位置上．仿真结果表明,该方法能很好地达到控制效果．     

三维充液航天器的位置和姿态联合控制

考虑充液月球着陆器悬停避障阶段的控制问题,采用三维球摆作为液体晃动部分的等效模型.针对球摆与刚体耦合的三维动力学模型,给出动力学模型的矢量方程及各矢量在本体系的投影坐标,设计位置和姿态联合控制器.所设计的控制器可以稳定航天器刚体的位置和姿态,且只依赖刚体的位置和姿态,不依赖晃动角或者动力学方程,利于工程应用.利用LaSalle不变原理分析闭环系统的稳定性,给出期望姿态为竖直时系统渐近稳定的控制器参数选择依据.最后数值仿真验证控制方法的有效性.     

充液航天器质量特性计算方法研究

充液航天器的质量特性对飞行动力学建模和控制设计有着重要影响。质量特性测量装置通常只能测出干重状态下航天器的质量特性,而充液状态下的航天器质量特性只能靠计算给出,其中如何计及各贮箱内液体的惯性张量是此类工程计算的难点。首先采用势流理论推导了任意形状贮箱内液体质量特性的一般表达式,包括全充液情况和部分充液情况,其中对部分充液情况考虑了自由液面小幅晃动的影响;然后采用三维有限元方法建立了液体质量特性的数值计算方法,并通过一个验证算例确认了该计算方法的有效性;最后应用该方法计算了一个充液航天器的质量特性,并研究了不同的液体处理方法对计算结果的影响。研究表明,工程上通常采用的“固化液体”处理方法所计算出来的转动惯量明显偏大,而所提出的计算方法具有更好的理论正确性和工程适用性。     

基于事件触发的航天器姿态自适应容错控制

针对航天器通信和计算资源约束以及执行器故障场景下的姿态控制问题,提出了一种基于事件触发的航天器姿态自适应容错控制策略。首先,采用自适应方法估计故障信息、外界扰动等系统中未知参数,并引入事件触发机制,在执行器故障下实现容错控制的同时,节约星载计算机的计算资源。然后,基于李雅普诺夫方法证明了所提出的控制策略保证了闭环系统状态全局一致且最终有界稳定,并能有效避免Zeno现象,保证了执行器故障场景下对姿态的精确控制。最后,应用于航天器的姿态稳定试验,仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性。     

多航天器分布式事件触发分组姿态协同控制

在分布式事件触发机制的基础上对多航天器分组姿态协同控制问题进行了研究。系统内包含若干个分组,并且航天器间的信息交互被抽象为无向拓扑。以修正罗德里格斯参数（MRP）描述航天器的姿态,构造了包含姿态和角速度的辅助变量,并设计了分布式的控制输入。在分布式事件触发机制下,对每个航天器设计了触发函数,并结合代数图论和Lyapunov稳定性理论证明了多航天器能够渐近达到分组姿态协同,同时证明了系统内不会发生Zeno现象。仿真结果验证了在分布式事件触发机制下提出的控制输入的有效性。      

一类带液体晃动的航天器滑模姿态控制器设计

针对一类带液体晃动的航天器,在建立系统数学模型的基础上,利用一种增量滑模的设计方法来设计控制器。将系统状态变量分成可自行到达平衡位置和需要施加控制才能到达平衡位置两部分,对于需要施加控制达到预定平衡位置的状态变量,用增量滑模控制来设计控制律,将其分解成两个子系统,选取一个子系统的状态变量构造第一层滑模面,然后将第一层滑模面看成一个状态变量与另外一个子系统的状态变量构造第二层滑模面,最后采用Lyapunov方法求取总控制量。当系统接近平衡位置时,增量滑模控制器可以在保证最后一级稳定的情况下实现整个系统各个状态的控制,在30s内可以保证系统能够稳定在最终的平衡位置上。仿真结果表明,该方法能很好地达到控制效果。     

带飞轮的充液摆的稳定性

带飞轮的充液摆的稳定性包光伟（上海交通大学工程力学系,２０００３０）关键词充液刚体动力学,液体晃动,运动稳定性,航天器动力学一、引言研究三轴定向充液卫星的姿态稳定性,在不考虑系统质心横向运动的情况下,一个较为简单的力学模型是充液摆作定点摆动的模型．对...     

Event-triggered attitude control of spacecraft

The problem of spacecraft attitude stabilization control system with limited communication and external disturbances is investigated based on an event-triggered control scheme. In the proposed scheme, information of attitude and control torque only need to be transmitted at some discrete triggered times when a defined measurement error exceeds a state-dependent threshold. The proposed control scheme not only guarantees that spacecraft attitude control errors converge toward a small invariant set containing the origin, but also ensures that there is no accumulation of triggering instants. The performance of the proposed control scheme is demonstrated through numerical simulation.     

Event-triggered adaptive fuzzy attitude takeover control of spacecraft

The problem of attitude takeover control of spacecraft by using cellular satellites with limited communication, actuator faults and input saturation is investigated. In order to lighten the communication burden of cellular satellites, an event-triggered control strategy is adopted. The filtered attitude information needs to be transmitted only when the defined measurement error reaches the event-triggered threshold in this strategy. Then, to deal with the unknown inertia matrix, actuator faults, external disturbances and the errors caused by event-triggered scheme, fuzzy logic systems is introduced to estimate the uncertainties directly. Combining fuzzy logic control strategy and the event-triggered method, the first event-triggered adaptive fuzzy control law is developed. Then, torque saturation of cellular satellites is further considered in the second control law, where the upper bound of the uncertainties is estimated by fuzzy logic systems. The resulting closed-loop systems under the two control laws are guaranteed to be bounded. Finally, the effectiveness of two proposed control laws is verified by the numerical simulations.     

Adaptive predefined-time control for liquid-filled flexible spacecraft attitude stabilization during orbit maneuver

A predefined-time attitude stabilization for complex structure spacecraft with liquid sloshing and flexible vibration is investigated under input saturation during orbital maneuver. First, the attitude dynamics model of liquid-filled flexible spacecraft is constructed. Meanwhile, the influence of solar panel vibration and liquid sloshing is treated as a disturbance in the controller design. Next, an adaptive predefined-time control scheme is proposed by applying sliding mode control theory. A predefined-time convergent sliding surface and reaching law are designed to ensure the predefined-time fast convergence rate. Furthermore, a novel adaptive algorithm is developed to handle the disturbances from liquid sloshing and flexible vibration, ensuring that the system converges to a small neighborhood of the equilibrium. Additionally, a new auxiliary system is constructed to deal with the effects of input saturation. At last, one simulation case is performed to verify the feasibility and advantages of the proposed algorithm.     

使用SGCMGs航天器滑模姿态容错控制

基于滑模控制与自适应理论,对使用单框架控制力矩陀螺群(SGCMGs)的刚性航天器的被动姿态容错控制问题进行了研究。首先建立了含有陀螺框架转速故障的系统数学模型。然后将框架转速直接作为控制量并应用滑模控制理论设计了容错控制器,同时控制器中还设计了自适应律对故障信息和干扰进行估计。由此,可在故障和干扰的先验信息未知的情况下,实现对航天器无故障和有故障情况下的姿态稳定控制,且具有较强的鲁棒性。最后,对2种构型单框架控制力矩陀螺群的不同故障模式进行数学仿真,验证了该控制方法的有效性和可行性。     

Constrained adaptive fault-tolerant attitude tracking control of rigid spacecraft

A saturated fault-tolerant attitude tracking controller for disturbed rigid spacecraft is derived using nonlinear state feedback control method. The proposed controller achieves the constraints of control inputs by directly using the bounded function instead of the traditional saturation compensator technique, and the active tolerance to the partial loss of actuator effectiveness is also achieved by directly using the known bounds of the actuator faults in the controller. Specifically, compared with the traditional saturated control methods, a continuously bounded nonlinear function in the proposed controller is used to guarantee that the actuator outputs are smoothly bounded under the prescribed constraints. Based on some properties of the attitude tracking dynamics, the proposed controller can ensure the attitude tracking errors converge to small neighborhoods of zero via stability analysis in the Lyapunov framework. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the control scheme.     

基于摄动模型的挠性航天器姿态控制系统设计

为了完成挠性航天器高精度姿态控制任务,首先采用摄动法分析了挠性航天器动力学方程,得到相应的0阶和1阶动力学系统.针对0阶非线性时不变系统,同时考虑到转动惯量不确定性和干扰,对已有的非线性直接自适应控制律进行改进,设计PI(Propor-tional-Integral)型参数自适应律,以提高姿态控制精度,同时给出了稳定性证明.针对1阶系统设计PI控制器及PPF(Positive Position Feedback)控制器,以有效抑制挠性结构振动.仿真结果表明,在采用摄动法对动力学方程分析的基础上设计姿态控制系统,可以有效完成挠性航天器高精度姿态控制任务.     

基于观测器的平台无陀螺姿态复合控制

针对超静卫星星体平台无陀螺、载荷敏感器与星体平台执行机构非共基准安装时整星存在姿态异位控制问题,提出了一种基于观测器估计星体平台姿态的复合控制方法。首先,建立星体平台/Stewart平台/载荷的动力学模型,并获得Stewart平台作动器关节空间的等效动力学模型。针对关节空间等效模型,设计super twisting观测器,以作动器平动位移为输入,以载荷和星体平台之间的相对姿态和角速度为输出,实现星体平台姿态和角速度估计。其次,以载荷测量姿态信息为输入,设计Stewart作动器的积分滑模控制律,实现载荷高精度指向控制。以观测器估计的星体平台姿态信息为输入,设计星体平台控制器实现星体平台的稳定控制。Lyapunov稳定性分析表明所设计的观测器和控制器能够保证闭环系统渐近稳定。数学仿真结果表明：在星体平台有陀螺时,载荷能够实现0.1″指向精度;在星体平台无陀螺时,采用观测器估计星体平台姿态并进行控制,载荷亦可实现0.1″指向精度。     

充液挠性航天器的建模与动力学分析

借助于Kane方法建立了充液中心刚体上带有挠性附件的航天器的开链多体动力学模型.采用了混合坐标法和弹簧-质量块液体晃动等效力学模型,所得方程形式简洁.由于引入了2级附件,该模型具有更强的通用性.以跟踪与数据中继卫星为例,给出了数值仿真结果.      

ESO-based event-triggered attitude control of spacecraft with unknown actuator faults

An event-triggered control strategy based on extended state observer (ESO) is proposed for the attitude tracking problem of small plug-and-play spacecraft with uncertain inertia parameters, external disturbances, and actuator faults. A simplified controller is developed based on the angular velocity and the general disturbances estimated by the provided ESO using the information of the system inputs and the angular velocities. In the designed event-triggered sampling mechanism, a state-dependent event-triggered strategy determines the triggering instant of the controller to reduce the frequency of information transmission between the controller and the actuator. In comparison with the previous literature, this paper considers uncertain inertia parameters, external disturbances, and actuator faults as general disturbances estimated by ESO, especially for the actuator faults. The inputs of ESO are the error of the angular velocities, which can simplify the controller design. Moreover, the designed ESO can effectively attenuate the influence of measured noises generated by the gyroscopes. The proposed event-triggered policy balances the performance of event-triggering and the control stability performance, which reduces the final state convergence regions without increasing more triggering times compared to existing studies. Furthermore, the investigated policy achieves Zeno-free triggering. Numerical simulations verify theoretical results.