多传感器数据融合方法在加力燃烧室试验中的应用研究

在航空发动机加力燃烧室试验中,为实现同一截面真实气流状态参数的多传感器精确测量,提出了1种多传感器数据融合方法。该方法运用格拉布斯准则剔除多传感器测量数据中的无效数据,运用方差自适应加权融合方法对有效数据进行融合计算并获取真实参数,并分别利用算术平均值方法和自适应加权融合方法对试验数据进行处理分析。结果表明:通过多传感器融合方法获取的数据均方差明显优于算术平均值方法获取的方差,具有更高的测试精度和可靠性。     

基于边缘特征和方向相关性的图像融合方法

不同传感器获得的多幅图像对同一场景的描述具有信息的冗余性和互补性,在小波图像融合的基础上提出了一种基于边缘和方向相关性的图像融合算法。对参加融合的两幅图像进行小波多尺度分解,对高低频子带系数分别采取不同的融合方法;根据高频分量不同的小波方向特性,采用基于方向相关系数的融合规则,而对低频分量采用能量和边缘特征相结合的融合方法;通过小波重构得到融合图像。实验结果表明,融合图像的视觉效果较好,客观评价指标均有提高。     

基于方向可控金字塔的图像融合算法

为克服传统正交小波变换在进行图像融合时存在的不足,提出了一种基于方向可控金字塔的图像融合算法。首先对待融合图像进行方向可控金字塔分解,对分解后的低频分量采用平均和选择相结合的方法进行融合,对各方向的高频分量则使用像素绝对值选大的规则进行融合,最后对融合后的低频分量和高频分量进行方向可控金字塔重构得到融合图像。仿真试验表明算法能够得到质量较高的融合图像,同时,熵、平均梯度和空间频率等客观评价指标也较平均法和基于小波变换的图像融合算法有所提高,是一种有效的图像融合算法。     

某型涡扇发动机测量数据融合模型

为提高传感器测量数据的有效性、可信性,基于共同工作方程,采用原始对偶内点法对某型涡扇发动机测量数据进行了融合分析。通过案例研究了当可测量参数存在误差时融合模型对流量、温度及压力等参数的预测效果;使用两种初值更新法,测试了不同工况下的物理运算时间;研究了约束违反程度对数据融合效果的影响;测试了关键传感器失效情况下,动态数据融合模型对缺失参数的预测效果,提出了进一步加快计算速度的方法。结果表明:通过数据融合,测量数据和未测量参数的不确定度下降到1%以内;通过算法优化,运算时间减小到5s,为发动机状态监控、传感器维护和传感器失效情况下发动机控制策略的制定提供了支持。     

融合多传感器数据的发动机剩余寿命预测方法

针对基于单一传感器数据的剩余寿命预测方法存在数据利用率低和预测精度不高的问题,论文提出了一种融合多传感器数据的发动机剩余寿命预测方法。首先将多个传感器数据融合成一个复合健康指标来表征发动机的退化性能,采用线性维纳过程对复合健康指标进行退化建模,通过极大似然估计方法确定模型参数,进而得到发动机的预测寿命。为了确定融合系数,提出了一种利用真实寿命与预测寿命的预测均方误差最小化的方法。融合系数确定后,基于训练发动机历史寿命数据,确定出模型参数的离线估计值;然后利用Bayesian公式,同时结合发动机的实时监测数据与参数的先验分布对模型参数进行实时更新,接着在首达时间的意义下推导出剩余寿命的概率分布,进而实现了发动机的剩余寿命在线预测。最后,选择商用模块化航空推进系统仿真数据集进行数值仿真实验,结果表明：相较于基于单一传感器的方法,论文所提方法能够提高剩余寿命预测的准确性,其剩余寿命预测的相对均方误差降低了2%左右。     

固体火箭发动机水下试验的数据处理方法研究

针对固体火箭发动机水下试验数据参数变化剧烈、信号严重混迭及难以分辨的问题,提出了一种基于小波变换的软阈值去噪法,完成了固体火箭发动机水下试验推力数据的分析和处理.与传统数据处理方法对比分析表明:该方法可以将动态数据分解为反映过程“低频”特性的近似分量和反映“高频”特性的细节分量,便于对发动机性能进行分析;在去除试验数据干扰的同时保留了试验数据自身的变化特征,满足了工程应用对固体火箭发动机水下试验数据处理的要求.     

航空发动机热电偶传感器稳态测温偏差分析

为了满足航空发动机上高温、高压、高来流马赫数的恶劣工作环境下的使用需求,对某型航空发动机上选用的低压涡轮后热电偶传感器开展热风洞校准试验及测温准确性分析,明确热电偶传感器测温偏差的影响因素,并通过一种基于表面传热系数推导公式的测温偏差修正方法对校准结果进行计算验证,结果表明,计算方法合理可行,计算结果与测量结果一致性良好,在全部试验点偏差量均小于0.6%。针对现有校准设备无法完全模拟航空发动机真实工况的问题,对校准结果进行修正计算,修正计算结果与真实气流温度偏差在0.7%以内,传感器的稳态测温偏差能够满足在该型航空发动机上的使用需求。     

基于GA-AANN神经网络的SDQ算法的航空发动机传感器数据预处理

为实现对输入健康管理系统的航空发动机传感器数据进行数据鉴定、故障诊断以及去除噪声信号干扰,提出了一种航空发动机传感器数据预处理方法。针对双通道传感器航空涡扇发动机,搭建了以合理性检验模块和解析冗余检验模块为主要内容的SDQ算法模型,利用遗传算法优化的AANN神经网络实现传感器的解析冗余检验。采用蒙特卡罗仿真方法,将改进的SDQ算法与一种基于最小二乘法的SDQ算法进行对比仿真验证。结果表明,本文提出的SDQ算法在发动机稳态条件下对阶跃故障和漂移故障隔离的平均正确率分别提高了1.7%和19.1%,在发动机动态条件下对阶跃故障和漂移故障隔离的平均正确率分别提高了12.5%和33.8%。且在多传感器故障诊断和除噪方面性能优异,处理后的传感器信号平均信噪比提高了8.27dB。     

航空发动机部件性能故障融合诊断方法研究

提出一种对航空发动机部件性能蜕化进行融合诊断的模糊决策融合机制,以改善单独采用基于模型和基于数据的部件性能故障诊断的漏诊与误诊的问题.传感器测量值同时输入到基于自适应模型的和基于数据的诊断模块中,分别利用卡尔曼滤波算法和最小二乘支持向量机(LSSVM)对主要部件故障性能参数估计,再利用模糊逻辑调整决策权重以进行D-S(Dempster-Shafer)证据理论的决策融合诊断.以某型涡扇发动机为对象进行单部件和双部件蜕化仿真研究表明,与单独使用基于模型和基于数据的诊断方法相比,采用决策融合机制有效地提高了部件故障诊断精度.      

基于改进的SENet航空发动机振动预测

为实时监测和预警航空发动机振动状态，基于气路及振动参数，提出一种使用改进的SENet（squeeze-and-excitation network）模型，对航空发动机近未来的振动进行预测。该研究相比以往采用的实验室模拟数据和仿真数据，使用了真实的QAR（quick access recorder）数据并进行随机采样，以求更能表征发动机振动和工作参数之间的关系。同时，不仅使用其他振动信号进行验证，还在其他型号的发动机上进行测试。结果表明:针对航空发动机的振动进行预测是可行的，SENet模型可以有效并实时追踪振动的突变和波动。此外，该方法对于其他振动信号和不同类型的发动机具有一定的适用性。而且相较于以往采用的其他经典的深度模型，SENet模型在振动的预测中能得到更小的误差。实验证明，相较于以往只使用振动这个单参数进行预测，并行使用与振动相关的多参数融合进行研究更能提高预测的准确性。      

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.