太阳帆技术综述

文章简要阐述了太阳帆的概念、主要结构和技术，参考美国L’Garde公司的太阳帆展开设计，对涉及的充气及刚化予以概述，为研究分析太阳帆的展开技术提供借鉴。     

IKAROS太阳帆的关键技术分析与启示

分析了国外太阳帆的发展现状,重点论述了世界上首次成功飞行的太阳帆——太阳辐射驱动星际风筝航天器（IKAROS）的总体设计、材料设计、空间展开和姿态控制等关键技术,以及中国开展太阳帆和空间大型展开结构的总体设计、空间展开、姿态控制、空间环境适应性等关键技术,提出了系统开展以太阳帆为代表的大型轻质展开结构研制与应用的建议。     

太阳帆航天器展开结构技术综述

近年来,深空探测技术引起了世界各国的极大关注,太阳帆的出现使得降低深空探测的成本成为可能,这其中自旋展开的结构由于重量小,展开能耗低等优点引起许多学者的关注.本文对可展开太阳帆的发展概况,自旋展开结构中薄膜的折叠方式,薄膜材料的选择以及自旋展开结构地面试验研究现状进行了概述.     

太阳帆充气支撑管展开动力学分析

太阳帆可以通过气体驱动支撑管而展开。针对太阳帆充气展开方式,分别对“Z”型8折管整体与分段充气模型建立有中心刚体与无中心刚体约束两种情况的有限元模型;针对分段充气模型,根据充气装置的位置分别建立自由端与固支端充气模型。应用动力学显式求解软件LS\|DYNA 进行太阳帆支撑管充气展开仿真模拟,并对仿真结果进行了分析。     

太阳帆航天器研究及其关键技术综述

综述了国内外关于太阳帆航天器的研究成果。介绍了太阳帆航天器的构型与材料、姿态控制、轨道控制及任务分析、试验验证及动力学仿真分析等的研究进展,讨论了太阳帆航天器轻质高强度帆体、折叠储存与展开控制、结构设计、姿态控制、地面试验及在轨演示验证,以及测试与诊断等关键技术,分析了未来太阳帆航天器的发展趋势。     

太阳帆推进技术研究现状及其关键技术分析

详细阐述太阳帆推进技术作为深空探测的技术方面的应用优势、技术特征、工作原理,总结了国外对太阳帆推进技术研究的历史发展和研究现状,并对太阳帆推进的关键技术进行分析,在此基础上,提出了我国发展太阳帆相关推进技术的必要性、发展策略和途径。     

太阳帆：太空中的绿色动力——访国际宇航科学院院士朱毅麟

问：什么是太阳帆？ 答：所谓太阳帆,就是一个在太空展开的面积很大、表面平整、光滑、无斑点和皱纹的薄膜,薄膜一般由聚酯或聚酰亚胺等高分子材料制成。表面镀铝或银,使其具有全反射的特性。     

太阳帆推进

太阳帆依靠反射太阳光光子产生推力,在飞行任务的整个过程推力连续作用于飞行器上而不需要任何推进剂。太阳帆可广泛应用于低成本大速度增量的太阳系飞行任务,具有其它推进系统无法替代的优点。简要介绍了太阳帆推进的机理及研究现状,给出了太阳帆飞行器的主要性能参数及需要解决的主要技术关键。     

太阳帆航天器姿态控制技术综述

太阳帆作为一种无工质消耗的新型航天器推进技术,逐渐受到国内外航天界的广泛关注。文章首先综述了太阳帆航天器控制技术的发展现状,重点分析了太阳帆航天器姿态控制技术的特点和难点;其次,按照执行机构的不同,分别介绍了近年来国内外航天领域提出的多种太阳帆航天器姿态控制方案,针对各个方案的优缺点加以分析;最后,对该领域未来的发展前景进行了展望。     

太阳帆参数对稳定性的影响

太阳帆的轨道和姿态控制是太阳帆研究的重要领域。在同时考虑太阳帆轨道和姿态的情况下,研究了太阳帆在悬浮轨道的被动稳定飞行问题。通过设计帆的面积和支撑有效载荷杆的长度,使太阳帆在轨被动稳定飞行,主要研究了两个参数对太阳帆稳定性的影响。研究结果表明,太阳帆的面积对帆的稳定性影响较大,面积较小时太阳帆总能被动稳定。杆的长度对帆的稳定性影响不大,给定杆的长度,通过设计太阳帆的面积总能使太阳帆被动稳定。     

Material considerations in the STEREO solar array design

Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory (STEREO), the third mission in NASA's Solar Terrestrial Probes program, launched aboard a single Delta II 7925 launch vehicle on October 25, 2006 from Cape Canaveral. This two-year mission employs two nearly-identical, space-based observatories, one ahead of the Earth in its orbit, and the other trailing behind, to provide the first stereoscopic measurements of the sun and its coronal mass ejections, or CMEs. The STEREO observatories utilize four sets of solar arrays, each of which experienced a two-stage deployment on-orbit. This paper illustrates material considerations in the solar array subsystem design. It first focuses on the solar array substrate, considering material coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) concerns when choosing a substrate laminate to which the solar cells will adhere. It then explores a similar issue when choosing a substrate insert material. Next, the focus shifts to material considerations in the solar array hinge design. This design was driven not just by function, but by a host of different material considerations, ranging from mass savings to fabrication time and cost.     

Material considerations in the STEREO solar array design

Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory (STEREO), the third mission in NASA's Solar Terrestrial Probes program, launched aboard a single Delta II 7925 launch vehicle on October 25, 2006 from Cape Canaveral. This two-year mission employs two nearly-identical, space-based observatories, one ahead of the Earth in its orbit, and the other trailing behind, to provide the first stereoscopic measurements of the sun and its coronal mass ejections, or CMEs. The STEREO observatories utilize four sets of solar arrays, each of which experienced a two-stage deployment on-orbit. This paper illustrates material considerations in the solar array subsystem design. It first focuses on the solar array substrate, considering material coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) concerns when choosing a substrate laminate to which the solar cells will adhere. It then explores a similar issue when choosing a substrate insert material. Next, the focus shifts to material considerations in the solar array hinge design. This design was driven not just by function, but by a host of different material considerations, ranging from mass savings to fabrication time and cost.     

Development and imperialism in space

This article analyses established models of imperialism and seeks to apply them to possible space development scenarios. Inherent in such an analysis is a critique of the predominant rationales for advanced Solar System development (permanent planetary bases, settlements and colonies). The argument that emerges suggests that no single rationale is sufficiently strong to propel humans towards Solar System expansion as yet. However, in the instance that an extraterrestrial material becomes economically valuable, Solar System development will probably proceed. Under this scenario the present politico-legal regimes which govern prospective space development (and, moreover, the philosophical inclinations of many of those involved in formulating such regimes) dictate that Solar System development will be of an imperialistic nature.     

On the likelihood of non-terrestrial artifacts in the Solar System

Extraterrestrial technology may exist in the Solar System without our knowledge. This is because the vastness of space, combined with our limited searches to date, implies that any remote unpiloted exploratory probes of extraterrestrial origin would likely remain unnoticed. Here we develop a probabilistic approach to quantify our certainty (or uncertainty) of the existence of such technology in the Solar System. We discuss some possible strategies for improving this uncertainty that include analysis of moon- and Mars-orbiting satellite data as well as continued exploration of the Solar System.     

Storing and processing astrometric and photometric data on NEA: Current state and future in Russia

Numerous discoveries of asteroids unknown earlier led to a multiple increase in the number of information on small bodies of the Solar System. Huge volumes of information accumulated and obtained at observations of objects approaching the Earth’s orbit require storing and prompt processing, presenting more and more possibilities for studying distributions of small bodies of the Solar System and ways of their evolution. That is why development of information systems which will contain large volumes of data on small bodies of the Solar System and facilities for processing these data is actual and promising direction of activity.     

Space solar arrays and concentrators

This paper presents some research activities conducted at the Centre Spatial de Liege (CSL) in the field of space solar arrays and concentration.With the new generation of high efficiency solar cells, solar concentration brings new insights for future high power spacecrafts. A trade-off study is presented in this paper. Two different trough concentrators, and a linear Fresnel lens concentrator are compared to rigid arrays. Thermal and optical behaviors are included in the analysis.Several technical aspects are discussed:

• Off-pointing with concentrators induces collection loss and illumination non uniformity, reducing the PV efficiency.

• Concentrator deployment increases the mission risk.

• Reflective trough concentrators are attractive and already proven. Coating is made of VDA (Aluminum). A comprehensive analysis of PV conversion increase with protected silver is presented.

• Solar concentration increases the heat load on solar cells, while the conversion efficiency is significantly decreasing at warm temperatures.

To conclude, this paper will point out the new trends and the key factors to be addressed for the next generation of solar generators.     

Exchange of meteorites (and life?) between stellar systems

It is now generally accepted that meteorite-size fragments of rock can be ejected from planetary bodies. Numerical studies of the orbital evolution of such planetary ejecta are consistent with the observed cosmic ray exposure times and infall rates of these meteorites. All of these numerical studies agree that a substantial fraction (up to one-third) of the ejecta from any planet in our Solar System is eventually thrown out of the Solar System during encounters with the giant planets Jupiter and Saturn. In this paper I examine the probability that such interstellar meteorites might be captured into a distant solar system and fall onto a terrestrial planet in that system within a given interval of time. The overall conclusion is that it is very unlikely that even a single meteorite originating on a terrestrial planet in our solar system has fallen onto a terrestrial planet in another stellar system, over the entire period of our Solar System's existence. Although viable microorganisms may be readily exchanged between planets in our solar system through the interplanetary transfer of meteoritic material, it seems that the origin of life on Earth must be sought within the confines of the Solar System, not abroad in the galaxy.     

国外空间大型网状天线在轨展开故障与对策

空间大型网状天线在轨可靠展开是确保航天任务取得成功的关键。对国外自1974—2011年间发射的部分科学、商业和军用航天器携带的大型网状天线在轨展开故障情况进行了统计,介绍了各天线展开故障的机理,并对天线展开故障应急处理方法和设计改进措施进行了总结。根据空间大型天线展开的特点,提出了加强天线抗冲击能力、充分开展天线机构实验验证和展开故障应急处理预案研究等建议。     

薄膜充气管充气展开特性试验

用展开导轨消除因重力产生的摩擦力,在不同充气速率与初始展开角条件下对薄膜材料充气管的充气展开特性进行了试验研究,获得了展开角,以及展开加速度和内气压的变化规律。试验及分析结果表明:充气管的充气膨胀与展开相互独立,充气膨胀过程近似为等压增容过程,折叠部位的气压变化特性与整体气压变化特性差异明显。