弯掠动叶叶尖径向间隙对气动──声学性能的影响

采用了两种修正叶尖径向间隙的方法:一种是利用实验结果减小径向动叶叶尖径向间隙,使之与弯掠动叶相同,弯掠动叶气动效率提高3%-4%,气动噪声降低2-3dB（A）,稳定工作范围扩大20%以上;另一种是利用修正公式（增大弯掠动叶径向间隙）计算弯掠动叶气动-声学性能。      

弯掠动叶扩大稳定工作范围的实验研究

本实验利用两组轴流试验风机，每组分别为一台是常规（径向）动叶，另一台为弯掠动叶。一组保持它们具有（除弦长外）相同的几何参数和相同的转速（弯掠动叶中径处弦长增加量为２０．４％）；另一组具有相同的风机最高压比及其相对应的流量。在这两种条件下对每组风机进行了气动—声学性能的实验，其结果表明：具有弯掠动叶的轴流风机不仅改善了气动—声学性能，而且还大幅度地扩大了稳定工作范围。根据实验结果，对弯掠动叶扩大轴流风机稳定工作范围的机理进行了讨论。     

单级压气机气动优化设计

针对单排叶片气动优化设计难以保证级性能的问题,对一单级跨声速压气机进行了动静叶匹配的同时优化设计。以动叶中的掠、倾,静叶中的弯为设计自由度,对NASA Stage35进行了以气动设计点与峰值效率点为优化点的多工况气动优化设计,得到了动叶前掠、静叶向压力面侧弯曲的优化压气机级,其全工况性能均有不同程度的改善。     

动叶弯和掠对压气机效率非定常波动的影响

对一单级跨声压气机设计工况下采用了3种弯、掠动叶后的非定常流场分别进行了数值模拟,分析了动叶弯、掠对级效率非定常波动的影响.研究结果表明:非定常计算条件下,动叶弯、掠后的压气机效率仍然获得大幅提高,并且效率的波动幅值同原型压气机相比明显降低,同时动叶改型前后的效率和压比的非定常波动曲线的相位发生了偏差;弯、掠动叶降低了压气机顶部和根部的分离损失,也使根部和顶部的效率波动显著降低.      

跨声压气机动叶弯、掠对静叶静压脉动的影响

对一单级跨声压气机采用了三种弯、掠动叶后设计工况下的非定常流场分别进行了数值模拟,分析了动叶弯、掠对下游静叶表面静压非定常脉动的影响.研究结果表明:三种弯、掠动叶都减轻了静叶前缘顶部和根部的静压脉动,使静叶前缘所受到的静压扰动沿径向分布更为均匀,尤其是弯掠动叶的作用最为明显;除去叶片前缘区域,三种弯、掠动叶对下游静叶的顶部压力面和吸力面的扰动都有所减弱,仍然以弯掠动叶的作用最为显著,而在静叶的中部和根部前缘区域之外的表面,动叶的弯、掠对压力扰动的影响不明显.      

基于实验设计和响应面模型的风扇转子气动优化设计

针对跨声速风扇动叶中掠、弯结合叶片基于控制点的B样条曲线对积叠线进行参数化,以掠、弯为设计自由度,应用实验设计、三维粘性流场求解、响应面模型及遗传算法对Rotor 67以近尖峰效率工况点为设计点对风扇转子进行了气动优化设计,得到了前掠与弯向旋转方向的复合设计叶片,其总压比有较明显提高。但由于优化是在单一工况点下进行的,其变工况性能不佳。     

叶片弯掠对多级风扇气动性能的影响

利用数值模拟的方法,研究了多级环境中叶片弯掠对风扇整体气动性能的影响。研究过程将弯、掠叶片分别应用于某三级风扇的第二、三级静叶,以对比性能变化并研究其内在的流场作用机制。结果表明,多级环境中弯掠叶片排可通过改变沿径向密流分布对其它叶排施加影响;弯和掠都能借助低能流体迁移控制端壁流动,但掠叶片同时具有对主流的迁移作用,这就使得掠叶片对沿径向密流分布的影响要大于弯叶片;随转速下降,弯叶片的流体迁移作用被增强,掠则相反。此外发现,在多级环境中单独使用时可获得性能改善的弯掠叶片,组合应用后并未获得双重的性能收益。     

跨声速压气机中动叶弯和掠对尾迹输运的影响

对一单级跨声速压气机设计工况下采用了3种弯、掠动叶后的非定常流场进行了数值模拟,分析了动叶弯、掠对动叶尾迹的非定常脉动强度以及向下游输运特性的影响.研究结果表明:与原型动叶相比,3种弯、掠动叶都减弱了动叶出口的泄漏涡和尾迹顶部脉动核心的脉动强度,使其在向下游输运过程中耗散较快;3种弯、掠动叶尾迹的中间段的脉动强度都有所加强,并且在输运过程中有向根部迁移的趋势,从而会使静叶的中部和根部受到较强的扰动.      

声学风洞风扇段流场特性数值模拟

风扇段是声学风洞的核心部段之一,风扇气动性能和声学性能对风洞的能耗与试验段背景噪声有重要影响。为了获得静叶构型的优化设计参数,采用数值模拟方法,对0.55m×0.4m低湍流度航空声学风洞风扇段的流场特性进行了研究,根据叶片的流动现象,分析了风扇段内部的工作形态,并将其性能与试验数据进行了对比,结果证明该方法能对风扇段性能进行较为准确的模拟。采用该方法得到了动静叶间距、静叶后掠、静叶倾斜对风扇气动性能、流场形态和噪声的影响,静叶后掠对气动性能的影响较小,有助于减小出口的旋转速度,增大动静叶间距对气动性能的影响较大,会增大出口的旋转速度,而静叶倾斜是最适宜的降噪方式。     

采用弯-掠叶片的压气机叶栅变冲角性能研究

利用经过实验数据验证的CFD软件对采用不同掠型叶片的压气机叶栅±20°冲角范围内性能进行了数值研究.结果表明,在任一冲角下,与直叶栅比,前掠和弯掠叶栅中静压分布呈反"C"型规律,端部损失下降,中部损失增加,后掠叶栅则情况相反;随冲角增加,前掠和弯掠叶栅中低能流体在中部积聚增多,损失增加明显;算例中,尽管叶栅总损失有所增加,但弯掠叶栅变工况特性好,可最大限度控制附面层流体在端区积聚,避免角区分离,从而显著加大压气机稳定工作区间,对提高航空发动机总体性能意义较大.     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。     

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.