机翼滚摆非定常流场的PIV测量

对后掠角为 ８０°的三角翼模型在迎角为 α＝ ３５°时的自激滚摆（ｗ ｉｎｇ ｒｏｃｋ）非定常流场首次采用粒子图像测速仪 Ｐ Ｉ Ｖ（ Ｐａｒｔｉｃｌｅ Ｉｍ ａｇｅ Ｖｅｌｏｃｉｍ ｅｔｒｙ）进行瞬态全场速度场测量。对应的 Ｒｅ数为 Ｒｅ＝ １．０１ 和２１１ ×１０５ ，自激频率为３３ Ｈｚ 和３９ Ｈｚ，滚摆振幅为±２０°，测量截面为 Ｘ／ Ｌ ＝ ０．５２５ 和０７７５ 。每幅图像计有 １５１２８ 个速度矢，空间分辨率为０５ｍ ｍ 。图像采样频率１０ Ｈｚ。测量结果表明，不仅三角翼前缘涡在模型滚摆运动时相对翼面位置的迟滞特性、而且涡强的动态迟滞特性是引起和维持自激滚摆的主要原因。     

俯仰—滚摆耦合复杂流场试验研究

给出 8 0°三角翼模型在低速风洞中实施俯仰 滚摆耦合大幅度振动的复杂流场测量结果 ,包括静态和动态、单自由度俯仰和滚摆、俯仰 滚摆耦合运动条件下的流动显示结果和强迫俯仰、自由滚摆条件下的滚转角时间历程测量结果。分析了耦合运动对前缘分离涡和气动特性的影响 ,以及不同相位角和不同频率对耦合气动特性的影响。结果表明 ,双自由度的耦合运动比单自由度运动具有更为明显的动态迟滞特性 ,进一步推迟分离涡的破碎 ,推迟开始滚摆的攻角αwr。     

不规则转子惯性矩的测定

阐述了对称三线摆与不对称双线摆的工作原理及其微角和大角摆动周期的近似解法,同时说明了这两种摆的特点与优点。利用这两种摆测量不规则转子或构件绕轴向和绕径向的惯性矩,既方便又准确。若采用长摆线,当<40°角时,测量准确度优于1％。     

亚声速扩压平面叶栅尾迹动态压力场测量与分析

为研究叶片在不同攻角下引起的气流分离对叶栅出口气流紊流度的影响,借助动态压力测量设备和测试技术,完成了某扩压平面叶栅在进口马赫数为0.677,攻角分别为0°、-10°和+8°三种典型工况下,尾迹非定常流动的测量。通过测量尾迹区域沿栅距方向和轴向的尾迹动态压力,并对动态压力数据进行时域分析,得到叶栅尾迹非定常流动的时均总压和压力脉动云图,揭示出尾迹区流动过程,同时还与叶栅的气动性能和气流稳定性进行了关联。     

不同部件对机翼摇滚特性影响的风洞试验研究

简要介绍了机翼摇滚低速风洞试验技术研究，对试验装置、试验方法、数据采集等进行了描述。重点讨论了不同部件对机翼摇滚特性影响的风洞试验研究结果，结果表明：机翼摇滚是不依赖于初始滚转角的滚摆现象，出现机翼摇滚现象的超始迎角在滚转阻尼导数反号处；飞机不同布局以及不同部件对机翼摇滚特性有显著影响。     

矩形涡发生器在翅片管换热器中强化换热研究

翅片管换热器在工业领域广泛应用，对带有矩形涡发生器的翅片管换热器流动与换热特性进行数值模拟研究。对比分析矩形翼涡发生器迎流夹角分别为50°、60°、70°和80°时换热器的传热和流动特性，夹角为60°、70°时的换热性能较高。综合考虑换热能力与压力损失，夹角为60°时换热器的综合性能最好。在迎流夹角为60°前提下，研究涡发生器无量纲结构尺寸为2.25、2、1.75和1.5时换热器的流动和换热性能，涡发生器无量纲尺寸为2时综合性能最佳。     

细长三角翼滚转/侧滑耦合运动效应分析

通过耦合求解NS方程组和刚体动力学方程组,数值研究了80°后掠三角翼自由滚转/自由侧滑的耦合运动特性。通过与单自由度翼摇滚特性比较,发现滚转/侧滑耦合条件下三角翼的摇滚现象更为剧烈:在相同的滚转角下,耦合运动的滚转角速度更大,具有相同角速度时,耦合运动所达到的滚转角更大。研究表明:滚转/侧滑耦合条件下,涡流的非对称迟滞振荡仍是维持三角翼周期性等幅摇滚振荡的流动机理;摇滚过程中法向力的侧向分力是产生侧滑运动的主要原因;左滚右侧滑、右滚左侧滑是三角翼滚转/侧滑双自由度耦合运动的作动机制;侧滑运动的引入,导致迎角和侧滑角随滚转角迟滞变化,强化了三角翼摇滚过程中的迟滞效应,加剧流动结构的非对称特性。     

非零侧滑角大迎角细长体侧向力控制规律实验研究

通过风洞实验方法研究了非零侧滑角状态下,大迎角细长体模型的侧向力和偏航力矩变化规律。并且应用主动流动控制技术,对非零侧滑角模型的侧向力和偏航力矩加以控制,研究其有效控制的侧滑角范围和控制规律。研究结果表明:在迎角α=55°、侧滑角β=-24°~+24°范围内,改变细长体模型头部微扰动摆振片的平衡周向角位置(有效周向角位置在±16°之间变化),模型侧向力和偏航力矩呈线性变化规律。此项力和力矩线性控制技术为飞行器在大迎角高机动飞行发生侧滑时,实现恢复及保持安全姿态飞行,提供一种有效飞行控制新方法。     

流动偏转器对机翼失速特性的控制

介绍了一种控制机翼失速特性的新技术--流动偏转器.通过对二维翼型的数值模拟,研究了流动偏转器高度对控制效果的影响.采用PIV测量作为流动显示手段,验证了较低雷诺数(Re=6.32×10<'5>)时流动偏转器对机翼流动分离的控制效果.基于数值模拟结果和止交设计方法,对流动偏转器在更高雷诺数(Re=1.76×10<'6>)下进行了风洞测力实验研究.研究结果表明,流动偏转器可以有效控制机翼失速特性,能够抑制机翼大攻角下的流动分离,推迟失速攻角和增加升力.对测力实验结果的止交分析还给出了以16°到30°攻角范围内平均气动力最佳为目标的最优水平组合.     

翼型近尾迹流动的PIV研究—动力学机制

利用在线式互相关PIV(ParticleImageVelocimetry)系统,在低速风洞中对NACA0012翼型在雷诺数2.39×105,0°和4°攻角下的近尾迹流动进行了详细测量。实验结果表明,翼型近尾迹存在有序的涡街结构,涡街在尾缘处形成后,在向下游的迁移中,会经历一个发展壮大、失稳破碎的演化过程,流动从有序走向无序。翼型的近尾迹是一种以旋涡的运动学特性和动力学机制为主导的流动现象。本文着重探讨了翼型尾缘处的涡街形成机理,尾迹内的流动机制,以及近尾迹的流动稳定性。      

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。     

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.