应用非线性规划求解异面最优轨道转移问题

研究了一种应用非线性规化求解有限推力作用下异面最优轨道转移问题的方法。采用改进春分点根素形式的高斯行星方程，从庞德里亚金极小值原理出发，将有限推力作用下异面最优轨道转移问题转化为两点边值问题；在考虑边界条件、横截条件及开关函数的前提下，将两点边值问题转化为针对协状态初值等的参数优化问题；最后应用非线性规划方法求解形成的参数优化问题。本方法特点是能得到开关函数从而得到最优发动机开关机逻辑。文章最后通过一个仿真计算，演示了完整的求解过程，验证了方法的有效性。     

Orbital corrections by a single-input impulsive control applied along the geomagnetic field

This paper examines the possibility of regular orbital corrections for a satellite controlled by an impulsive force applied along the induction vector of the local geomagnetic field. The main purpose of the correcting considered in the paper is to eliminate the drift in secular variation of the relative orbital parameters over the orbital period. The obtained results are applied to the formation flying problem. The developed method is tested using numerical simulation.     

Orbital corrections by a single-input impulsive control applied along the geomagnetic field

This paper examines the possibility of regular orbital corrections for a satellite controlled by an impulsive force applied along the induction vector of the local geomagnetic field. The main purpose of the correcting considered in the paper is to eliminate the drift in secular variation of the relative orbital parameters over the orbital period. The obtained results are applied to the formation flying problem. The developed method is tested using numerical simulation.     

UKF参数估计在航天器气动辅助变轨问题中的应用

为快速精确地求解气动辅助变轨问题,提出一种基于无损卡尔曼滤波(UKF)参数估计的数值求解方法。首先,针对气动辅助变轨问题,利用极大值原理将其转化为对应的两点边值问题;然后,以协态变量的初值作为估计参数,以末端条件为期望观测值,将该两点边值问题转化为参数估计问题,并应用UKF滤波算法求解。该算法基于估计理论,避免了计算传统数值方法所需要的梯度矩阵,同时克服了猜测协态变量初值的困难,降低了求解气动辅助变轨问题的难度。数值仿真表明,该算法结构简单,求解效率高,具有良好的鲁棒性。     

水平推力作用下共面椭圆轨道的最优转移

本文研究在两次水平推力作用下共面椭圆轨道的转移问题,给出了冲量大小和作用点位置的计算公式,文中还讨论了圆到圆、椭圆到圆这两种特殊情况的轨道转移,并给出了数值例子。     

Analytical solutions that interpret the evolution of dual-frequency space-based systems in the case of orbital Lindblad resonance,taking into account the Rayleigh dissipation: I

As a part of a planetary version of the three-body problem in the orbital dual-frequency first-order resonance, with allowance for the Rayleigh dissipation, analytical solutions are obtained, which interpret the dynamic evolution of the orbital elements of components of the system under consideration.     

基于逼近理想解排序法的航天器初始轨道选优

针对航天器入轨段，如何从多组初始轨道中选择一组最优或最符合客观实际轨道根数问题，进行了深入地理论分析，提出了基于逼近理想解排序法的航天器初始轨道根数选优算法。描述了逼近理想解排序法的设计思想以及求解的六个基本步骤；针对航天器初始轨道的设计特点，巧妙地利用标称轨道作为理想解，偏差轨道作为负理想解，成功地应用逼近理想解排序法建立了初始轨道根数选优的决策数学模型，并以一颗典型的太阳同步轨道卫星为例，验证了其数学模型和选优算法的合理性和正确性。     

Adams--Cowel方法的扩充及其在人卫中的应用

本文将现有的Ａｄａｍｓ－Ｃｏｗｅｌ方法由求初值问题扩展到求一类边值问题，并将之应用于对同步卫星的轨道测定和预报，仿真与实算结果表明：方法具有独特的使用价值     

Some Methods of Automatic Control of Relative Motion of Objects in Near-Earth Orbits

The methods of automatic control of motion of a free-flight platform near the orbital space station are considered. The satellite-inspector intended for service of the International Space Station is an example of such objects. The algorithms of control of the platform motion along a trajectory specified by the space station operator are developed, and control of the station keeping mode for visual observation of the state of the space station's external surface is considered. The problem of control of a platform landing on a specially equipped docking unit of the orbital space station is also considered.     

Control of the deployment of an orbital tether system that consists of two small spacecraft

Control of an orbital tether system that consists of two small spacecraft has been considered. The proposed control laws are based on the modification of well-known programs for the deployment of tether system systems under the assumption that the masses of spacecraft and the tether are comparable in magnitude. To construct nominal deployment programs, we have developed a mathematical model of the motion of the given system in an orbital moving coordinate system taking into account the specific features of this problem. The performance of the proposed deployment programs is assessed by a mathematical model of the orbital tether system with distributed parameters written in the geocentric coordinate system. The test calculations involve a linear regulator that implements feedback on the tether length and velocity.     

Nonlinear feedback control of low-thrust orbital transfer in a central gravitational field

This paper investigates the problem of continuous-thrust orbital transfer using orbital elements feedback from a nonlinear control standpoint, utilizing concepts of controllability, feedback stabilizability and their interaction. Gauss's variational equations (GVEs) are used to model the state-space dynamics of motion under a central gravitational field. First, the notion of accessibility is reviewed. It is then shown that the GVEs are globally accessible. Based on the accessibility result, a nonlinear feedback controller is derived which asymptotically steers a spacecraft form an initial elliptic orbit to any given elliptic orbit. The performance of the new controller is illustrated by simulating an orbital transfer between two geosynchronous Earth orbits. It is shown that the low-thrust controller requires less fuel than an impulsive maneuver for the same transfer time. Closed-form, analytic expressions for the new orbital transfer controller are given. Finally, it is proven, based on a topological nonlinear stabilizability test, that there does not exist a continuous closed-loop controller that can transfer a spacecraft onto a parabolic escape trajectory.     

观测轮廓显著性耦合时的轨道根数反演方法

针对脉冲轮廓显著性数据耦合情况下无法直接根据显著性数据反演轨道根数的问题,提出了一种根据脉冲轮廓显著性数据的方差特征进行解耦,并逐步实现轨道六根数估计的方法。利用X射线脉冲星实测数据完成了基于观测轮廓显著性数据方差特征的导航验证,实验结果表明根据显著性数据的方差特征可逐次解耦显著性数据,并以方差最小准则得到轨道根数的估计值,且定位误差为7.31 km。本文方法既不依赖标准脉冲轮廓,同时适用于轨道六根数均存在偏差的实际情况,在X射线脉冲星导航的实际应用中更具优势。     

轨道面旋转角对GEO卫星广播星历参数拟合的影响

广播星历参数拟合是建立卫星导航系统的一项关键技术,星历用户算法的简洁高效直接决定了用户导航定位的效率。在基于GEO、IGSO和MEO三类卫星的北斗二代导航定位系统中,GEO卫星的广播星历参数拟合是迫切需要解决的难点之一。基于广播星历参数的最小二乘解法,推导出了轨道面旋转角对广播星历参数的影响表达式,分析了轨道面旋转角的大小对广播星历参数拟合稳定性的影响。计算结果表明,通过增加轨道面旋转角不仅很好地解决了GEO卫星广播星历参数超限的问题,而且确保了广播星历参数拟合算法的精度和可靠性。     

飞行器围绕小行星的轨道运动

分析了飞行器围绕小行星轨道运动的特点，介绍了所建立的表述这一问题的理论基础。采用三种不同方法从几个侧面揭示了这一问题的本质特征。给出了所完成的研究这一问题的进展、结果和相互联系，其中包括轨道摄动、共振运动和周期轨道运动。这一问题的核心和难点是轨道的稳定性问题。     

环月飞行器返回轨道设计与优化

针对传统月地返回轨道设计方法在从初始轨道直接转移的局限性,提出一种基于Lambert问题的月地转移轨道设计方法。该方法重新选取了轨道约束参数,并在笛卡尔坐标系下建立了返回轨道动力学模型,并基于该模型全面分析了返回轨道关于约束参数的变化特性。此外,针对带有约束条件的返回轨道优化设计问题,提出了快速收敛的函数构造法,并给出了有效的目标函数形式。以某一在轨环月飞行器的轨道参数作为初始轨道进行返回轨道计算,结果验证了所提出返回轨道设计方法以及函数构造法的有效性。     

Investigation of national policy shifts to impact orbital debris environments

Low earth orbit has become increasingly congested as the satellite population has grown over the past few decades, making orbital debris a major concern for the operational stability of space assets. This congestion was highlighted by the collision of the Iridium 33 and Cosmos 2251 satellites in 2009. This paper addresses the current state of orbital debris regulation in the United States and asks what might be done through policy change to mitigate risks in the orbital debris environment. A brief discussion of the nature of orbital debris addresses the major contributing factors including size classes, locations of population concentrations, projected satellite populations, and current challenges presented in using post-mission active debris removal to mitigate orbital debris. An overview of the current orbital debris regulatory structure of the United States reveals the fragmented nature of having six regulating bodies providing varying levels of oversight to their markets. A closer look into the regulatory policy of these agencies shows that, while they all take direction from The U.S. Government Orbital Debris Mitigation Standard Practices, this policy is a guideline with no real penalty for non-compliance. Various policy solutions to the orbital debris problem are presented, ranging from a business as usual approach to a consolidated regulation system which would encourage spacecraft operator compliance. The positive aspects of these options are presented as themes that would comprise an effective policy shift towards successful LEO conservation. Potential economic and physical limitations to this policy approach are also addressed.     

用进化算法求解轨道转移的时间-能量优化问题

随着航天任务需求的多样化，对航天器轨道转移问题不但提出了最省燃料的要求，而且提出了最小时间的要求，这篇文章用进化算法解决了这一组合优化问题，仿真结果证明了算法的有效性。     

Optimum low-thrust limited power transfers between neighbouring elliptic non-equatorial orbits in a non-central gravity field

A complete first-order analytical solution is developed for the problem of optimum low-thrust limited power transfers between neighbouring elliptic non-equatorial orbits in a non-central gravity field. The optimization problem is formulated as a Mayer problem of optimal control with Cartesian elements as state variables. After applying the Pontryagin maximum principle and determining the optimal thrust acceleration, an intrinsic canonical transformation is performed: the Cartesian elements are changed by suitable orbital elements. Hori's method is applied in determining a first-order analytical solution. Simple analytical solutions are obtained explicitly for long-time transfers.     

On correctness of canonical formulation of the problem of motion of submicron particles in the Earth’s plasmasphere

The general conditions of applicability are formulated for the canonical formulation of the problem of motion of micro-particles with variable electric charge in the near-Earth space. The validity of these conditions is demonstrated for particles of sub-micron dimension executing orbital motion in the Earth’s plasmasphere.     

Information Support for a Low-Orbit Spacecraft Using Magnetometer and Solar Sensor Readings

The problem of estimation of the orbital and attitude motion parameters of a spacecraft using readings of a three-axis onboard magnetometer and solar sensor with considerable uncertainty of the initial conditions is solved. Primary attention is paid to improvement of the observability of the desired parameters and acceleration of the estimation process.