Influence of Interference Effects of the Rotor on the Launch Dynamics of Gliding Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

A mathematical model of the gliding unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) motion is performed taking into account the interference effect of the main rotor on the UAV. Calculated values are presented for the interference addition to the aerodynamic coefficients of forces and moments on the UAV path section close to the carrier. The problems of stabilization and control are solved, providing stability of the UAV motion at the launch with due account of the aerodynamic interference and the effect of short-term upper stage engine operation, as well as a safe distance between the carrier and the UAV during their simultaneous motion.     

小型固体运载火箭六自由度弹道仿真

针对控制系统采用侧喷流发动机和栅格舵的新型小型多级固体运载火箭开展六自由度弹道仿真研究。给出侧喷流发动机安装模型和推力模型以及开关机控制规律,阐明气动力和气动力矩计算方法;并建立了固体发动机推力模型,以及完整的六自由度弹道动力学和运动学模型。仿真结果表明:建立的六自由度弹道仿真模型能正确反映运载火箭飞行特性;研究的固体运载火箭满足将300kg有效载荷送入200km太阳同步轨道的运载能力要求;姿态控制系统满足运载火箭姿态控制精度要求;侧喷流推进剂质量分配合理,为总体方案论证和初步设计提供了理论依据。     

固体运载器发动机内弹道设计方法

为研究对固体运载器总体性能提升有利的发动机内弹道设计方法,建立了发动机内弹道计算模型,并选取两个燃面设计参数表征内弹道曲线构型。针对某三级固体运载器进行了仿真分析,分别以发动机冲质比最大及运载器射程最大为目标对发动机的内弹道曲线构型进行优化设计,并对这两种设计方法进行对比研究。研究结果表明,发动机性能最优并不一定会实现运载器总体性能最优,以运载器射程最大为目标,对发动机内弹道曲线构型进行优化设计,可显著提高运载器总体性能。研究成果可应用于固体运载器总体方案初步论证阶段,提升固体运载器的性能水平及方案论证效率,使固体运载器总体设计方案更具时效性和竞争性。     

动能拦截器助推段导引方案研究

针对大气层外高速飞行的目标, 提出了一种可用于动能拦截器助推段的导引方法.建立了拦截器和目标的运动模型, 在分析可拦截约束条件的基础上推导出转移轨道计算方法, 同时通过对拦截器可发射区域中的转移轨道优化得到满足约束条件的有效发射区域, 并以点火时刻待增速度为性能指标来寻优计算获得发射参数.仿真结果表明, 该方法能有效实现拦截器助推段的制导控制.      

Aerospace launch vehicle control: an intelligent adaptive approach

A theoretical analysis of on-line autonomous intelligent adaptive tracking controller based on emotional learning model in mammalians brain (BELBIC) for aerospace launch vehicle is presented. The control algorithm is provided with some sensory inputs and reward signal, subsequently it autonomously seeks the proper control signal to be executed by actuators, thus eliminating tracking error without pre-knowledge of the plant dynamics. The algorithm is very robust and fast in adaptation with dynamical change in the plant, due to its on-line learning ability. Development and application of this algorithm for an aerospace launch vehicle during atmospheric flight in an experimental setting is presented to illustrate the performance of the control algorithm.     

可重复使用运载器结构重量估算方法研究

对可重复使用运载器总体参数统计数据进行回归分析,得到了可重复使用运载器结构重量估算公式,并以某可重复使用运载器为例进行了验算,结果验证了结构重量评估公式的合理性和可用性;通过定义无量纲形式的敏感度函数和敏感度因子,使各总体设计参数的敏感性可进行对比评价,并以此分析了可重复使用运载器结构重量估算公式对单个总体设计参数的敏感度,总结出可重复使用运载器结构重量随总体参数变化的规律。其结构重量估算公式对我国未来可重复使用运载器的设计具有直接参考价值。     

用运载器评价发动机方案的方法

早期在对液体推进剂火箭发动机方案进行评价与选择时,仅以发动机本身的指标(如比冲、推重比等)作为方案比较的标准。这样没有考虑发动机子系统与运载器总系统的相互联系,得不到合理的评价结果。液体推进剂火箭发动机是航天运载器的一个子系统,采用运载器的性能指标评价发动机方案才能得到比较客观的结果。 本文推导了运载器的评价指标,给出了运载器的线性化质量方程,阐述了运载器设计参数的简化确定方法,由此提出了一个采用运载器评价发动机方案的方法。最后应用提出的方法对五个发动机方案进行了评价。     

基于正交试验的航行体弹道仿真优化设计

为确保水下发射航行体再入水后弹道安全,分析了航行体弹道影响因素,构建了带有阻尼板航行体的弹道数学模型,将发射后航行体与发射载体的最近距离作为安全性判定标准,采用正交试验方法,对水下航行体的阻尼板数量、尺寸及张开角度3个参数进行了仿真优化分析。仿真结果表明:当阻尼板数量为6块、长度为800 mm、张开角度为80°时,水下发射航行体质心z方向侧移量最大,航行体尾端与发射载体假想壁距离最大,安全性最高。     

Impact of mission requirements and constraints on conceptual launch vehicle design

The objective of this paper is to analyse the impact of mission requirements and constraints on both the optimum vehicle design and the effects on flight path selection for two types of reusable two-stage-to-orbit launch vehicles. The first vehicle type considered provides horizontal take-off and landing capabilities and is intended to be propelled by an airbreathing propulsion system during stage 1 flight. The second vehicle type assumes a vertical launch and is accelerated by a rocket propulsion system during the booster stage ascent flight. The analysis employs a design tool for simultaneous system and mission optimization. It consists of a CAD-based preliminary vehicle design tool, aerodynamic and aerothermodynamic calculation software, flight simulation programs, and a two-level decomposition optimization algorithm enabling simultaneous system and flight optimization. The results to be presented show that the cruise flight requirement for an European launched mission of the airbreathing vehicle results in a loss of 60 % payload mass as compared to a mere accelerated ascent for a near equatorial mission into the same target orbit assuming constant take-off mass. The strong dependencies of mission requirements on both the optimal vehicle design and the ascent performance are determined for the rocket-powered vehicle type by varying the inclination and altitude of the target orbit.     

可重复使用飞行器导航制导控制技术展望

针对当前可重复使用飞行器的发展现状,总结了其特点、优势和发展趋势.通过飞行任务,分析了可重复使用飞行器所面临的复杂环境特性和飞行控制特性.从飞行控制角度出发,概括了可重复使用飞行器导航制导控制所面临的技术挑战,包括高精度导航技术、多约束航迹优化技术、再入段和能量管理段的制导技术以及强耦合强不确定强鲁棒姿态控制技术等.最后,针对技术挑战,对可重复使用飞行器导航制导控制技术提出了若干建议.     

Small-size rocket impulse-reaction launch dynamics

The method of analyzing the small-size rocket liftoff is presented. Under consideration is a system that consists of a rocket with an operating rocket engine, a launch tube, and an operating gas generator mounted in the tube under the rocket. The liftoff parameters including the rocket motion velocity inside the tube and the loads applied are calculated. The calculated and experimental data were compared and their adequate agreement is presented with respect both dynamics of rocket impulse-reaction liftoff from the launch tube and the launch velocity.     

基于 CER的运载火箭研制费用估算

运载火箭研制费用估算是费用管理中的一个重要环节。正确估算研制费用对于方案选优、加强研制过程中的费用管理以及估算整个寿命周期的费用等都具有十分重要的意义。参考美国国家宇航局（ NASA ）的费用估算关系（ CER ）模型,提出了基于运载能力、起飞质量、外形尺寸等参数的参数-费用估算模型。鉴于我国运载火箭样本少的实际情况,采用偏最小二乘法（ PLS）对该模型进行了实证检验,估计值与真实值之间的偏差较小,估计效果比较理想。为下一步运载火箭研制方案筛选和费用管理提供了依据。     

火箭内装式机载发射运载能力分析

针对内装式机载发射运载火箭的分离方案,结合分离条件及某型号运载火箭,设计了火箭分离后的发射轨道,并研究了火箭的控制规律。分析和计算表明,所设计的发射轨道可满足卫星发射需求,所采取的控制规律切实可行,与地面发射相比,可大幅度提高运载火箭的发射能力。     

地空导弹行进间稳定发射平台技术研究

通过对地空导弹行进间稳定发射平台进行技术研究,重点解决行进间发射平台的姿态测量精度和动态水平稳定控制等技术难题,为行进间发射导弹提供稳定的发射平台.     

三维实时动画技术在运载火箭飞行视景仿真中的应用

介绍了三维实时动画技术实现飞行器视景仿真的基本原理,并介绍了如何在SGI图形工作站及OPenGL图形库支持下开发运载火箭飞行视景仿真软件,重点介绍了三维实时动画技术在该系统中的软件实现。     

牵制缓释放过程中火箭动力响应特性分析

为研究运载火箭在牵制缓释放过程中的结构动力响应特性,将牵制缓释放发射过程依次分为静态竖立、点火牵制和缓释放三个阶段进行计算。运用MSC.Patran有限元程序的场功能来实现上一阶段的全部计算结果场向下一阶段初始条件场的传递,运用MSC.Nastran有限元程序的非线性弹簧单元的非线性位移载荷函数功能来模拟运载火箭缓释放过程中的缓释力,实现运载火箭牵制缓释放过程结构动力响应的数值计算,并对比分析运载火箭几种常用发射释放方式的结构动力响应特性。结果表明:采用牵制缓释放系统可有效减小运载火箭释放时所受冲击载荷,减小运载火箭全箭结构动力响应。     

舰船运动对某无人机发射安全的影响研究

探讨了舰面运动(舰面纵摇、横摇和垂荡运动)对舰载无人机火箭助推发射安全的影响。数值分析表明,舰面纵摇可能导致飞机起飞后撞上甲板,是舰面运动中最危险的因素。舰面横摇对飞机离舰后最大下沉量的影响相比纵摇为小,若无人机在甲板上布置的位置适当,则可以实现安全发射。     

Integrated Entry Guidance for Reusable Launch Vehicle

A method for the implementation of integrated three-degree-of-freedom constrained entry guidance for reusable launch vehicle is presented. Given any feasible entry conditions, terminal area energy management interface conditions, and the reference trajectory generated onboard then, the method can generate a longitudinal guidance profile rapidly, featuring linear quadratic regular method and a proportional-integral-derivative tracking law with time-varying gains, which satisfies all the entry corridor constraints and meets the requirements with high precision. Afterwards, by utilizing special features of crossrange parameter, establishing bank-reversal corridor, and determining bank-reversals according to dynamically adjusted method, the algorithm enables the lateral entry guidance system to fly a wide range of missions and provides reliable and good performance in the presence of significant aerodynamic modeling uncertainty. Fast trajectory guidance profiles and simulations with a reusable launch vehicle model for various missions and aerodynamic uncertain-ties are presented to demonstrate the capacity and reliability of this method.     

载人登月人货分运与人货合运模式对比分析

由于载人航天任务所具有的确保航天员安全的特殊属性,载人登月任务模式往往因此必须考虑救生等多种环节和因素,变得十分复杂。针对目前载人登月人货分运及人货合运两种任务模式,通过比较分析表明,从安全性、任务风险、飞船设计约束、发射窗口、测控支持复杂度方面来看,人货合运模式要优于人货分运模式,但是人货合运模式中的重型火箭如果被要求按照载人火箭标准进行设计和考核,其研制周期、经费方面的投入将会增加。     

内装式空中发射运载火箭重力出舱运动分析

对运载火箭重力出舱方式进行了详细研究,给出了阻力伞和载机姿态的选取方法,结合气动力数值计算,分析了分离过程中载机、运载火箭和阻力伞之间的相互影响,为进一步研究及工程实践提供了理论依据.