Modeling and Performance Evaluation of Nonlinear Satellite Links-A Volterra Series Approach

An analytical solution to the problem of modeling bandpass nonlinear channels and evaluating the performance of digital communication systems operating on them is presented. A method based on a Volterra series representation of the overall channel is first proposed, which allows one to extend to nonlinearities with memory the well-known concepts of complex envelope of bandpass signals and low-pass equivalent of bandpass linear systems. The general results previously mentioned are then applied to digital satellite communication systems operating over nonlinear channels. The effect of a nonlinear amplifier located in the satellite is considered, in combination with that of transmitting and receiving filters located in the Earth stations. In addition, both uplink and downlink noise are taken into account. Basic advantages of this approach are the generality it offers to the analysis and the fact that it allows accurate evaluation of the error probability in a short computer time.     

一类非线性系统的状态反馈输出跟踪研究

研究一类非线性系统的状态反馈输出跟踪控制问题。对于给定的光滑有界的参考信号,利用反步方法设计系统的跟踪控制器,使从任意初值出发的系统的输出都渐近于给定的参考信号,同时系统内部状态保持有界。仿真实例验证了研究结论的可行性。     

直连式三体绳系卫星姿态鲁棒最优跟踪控制

 针对存在参数不确定性以及外部有界干扰的直连式三体旋转绳系卫星系统姿态跟踪控制问题,提出了一种分布式鲁棒最优控制方法。该方法首先针对单体绳系卫星姿态模型,在不考虑参数不确定性和干扰的条件下,应用Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman方程设计了最优控制器;接着,考虑到实际系统存在参数不确定性和干扰,采用自适应与鲁棒误差积分方法在线学习参数不确定性和有界干扰,与最优控制器结合设计了鲁棒最优控制器,使闭环系统满足了性能指标达到最小的要求,并应用Lyapunov稳定性定理证明了其闭环系统的渐近稳定性。进一步考虑到绳系卫星系统的运动同步性,将单体绳系卫星姿态控制器设计扩展至直连式三体绳系卫星姿态系统,设计了分布式鲁棒最优控制器。最后在MATLAB/Simulink平台上进行了仿真,验证了方法的可行性与有效性,表明其具有潜在的应用前景。     

Synthesis and Analysis of Tracking Systems with Optimal Acquisition

The behavior of a tracking system during its acquisition phase is studied in the case where the input signal is a frequency step. The tracking system considered is a generalization of a type-II phase-lock loop where the phase detector characteristic is a general function. In order to improve the acquisition characteristics, the natural evolution of the local oscillator is modified by a command signal chosen in order to minimize the acquisition time, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, to maximize the lock-in range and the capture range of the tracking system. The influence of the different parameters (input, damping, natural frequency, pha e characteristic,command signal) on the acquisition of the resulting systems has been précised by means of a theoretical study of the trajectories in the phase plane and by an analog simulation. A simple criterion adopted in order to characterize the acquisition of a system disturbed by noise permits the study of the influence of S/N ratio on acquisition time.     

一种快速稳定的非双曲线型非线性时间序列去噪算法

非双曲线型非线性系统同宿切面点和同宿横截点的存在,使得其时间序列的去噪或轨迹重影变得十分困难。在充分挖掘非线性系统本身特性的基础上,结合Gradient Descent算法的稳定性和Newton-Raphson算法的快速收敛性,提出了一种快速稳定的非双曲线型非线性时间序列去噪新算法,在机器精度内实现了非双曲线型非线性时间序列的去噪。该方法首先计算受扰序列的局部稳定流形和不稳定流形方向,进而确定同宿切面点存在的位置,很大程度上降低了同宿切面对算法性能的影响。不同于现有文献忽视同宿横截点对算法性能影响的做法,研究得出了同宿横截点间的最小距离和干扰噪声均方差二者间的关系,首次定量地估计了同宿横截点可能对算法造成的影响,这无疑对其他算法也将是一个有益的启示。     

不完全量测下一类非线性光电跟踪系统滤波器设计

 随着不完全量测条件下探测概率的下降,传统光电跟踪系统的跟踪性能显著降低。为此,本文考虑将俯仰和偏航两个方向的角速度量测引入传统光电跟踪系统,并设计了不完全量测下基于置信度融合的目标跟踪滤波器。首先针对这类新型的光电跟踪系统建立了系统的量测模型,利用嵌套条件方法推导了转换量测误差前两阶矩的一致性估计;然后针对位置探测通道与角速度探测通道的4种数据探测情形设计了4个子滤波器,并根据探测通道的探测情况计算出各子滤波器的置信度,进而对各子滤波器的输出按置信度进行加权融合,得到了跟踪滤波器的全局输出;最后给出了非线性跟踪系统统计意义下的Cramer-Rao下界(CRLB)。Monte-Carlo仿真表明：在不完全量测下,相比传统光电跟踪系统,附加角速度量测的光电跟踪系统的跟踪性能有了显著提高,并且滤波器估计误差均方差(RMSE)已逼近非线性跟踪系统统计意义下的CRLB。     

一类含动态扰动的随机非线性系统的FNN控制

针对一类非仿射且带有动态扰动的纯反馈随机非线性不确定系统,在随机Lyapunov稳定性理论框架下,利用自适应Backstepping方法并结合模糊神经网络( FNN),设计出保证闭环系统所有信号概率意义下有界的自适应控制器。在控制器设计中,对系统动态扰动进行参数化处理,并对系统不确定性进行FNN逼近,以四层神经网络为基础构架,引入模糊逻辑对网络进行推理,其输出权值可自适应调整,设计方法有效地减少了可调参数的数量,数值仿真结果也表明设计方法的有效性。     

Theory of LDV Tracking Systems

The application of frequency-tracking systems to the analysis of laser doppler velocimeter (LDV) signals degraded by background noise has been studied both theoretically and experimentally. Expressions are derived for both the correlation function and the expected value of the phase derivative in the general case of noise off center from the Doppler frequency, and these results are specialized to specific cases of practical interest. Laboratory measurements of output signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and dc error, for varying input SNR and noise center frequency offset, show good agreement with the theoretical predictions.     

On Signal Fluctuations in Tracking Systems

All tracking systems suffer, to some extent, from signal level fluctuations. The signal fluctuations are modeled by a Gaussian process and the noise performance of both linear and nonlinear first-order tracking systems is considered. In the nonlinear case, the Ito versus Stratonovich calculus difficulty arises, but it is resolved to make sense physically. Several analytical results are obtained which are useful in analyses of tracking systems.     

Optical Calibration of Geostationary Satellite Tracking Systems

A precise calibration method for range and angle observation has been developed for eliminating the systematic error of tracking systems, thus improving the accuracy of orbit determination for geostationary satellites. The principle of calibration is based on an orbit determination employing a point of optical angle observation in addition to radio tracking observation, in which we estimate observation bias parameters simultaneously with orbital elements, including the effects of geodetic mismodelings. As shown by an actual calibration experiment in our ground station, orbit determinations is sufficiently accurate that the error of predicting satellite range falls within a few meters at four days after the day of orbit determination.     

悬链面上的非线性控制系统

讨论了悬链面上的非线性控制系统的表示及性质     

非线性控制系统的计算机辅助分析

本文依据描述函数法分析非线性系统之原理,运用 BASIC 语言,提出了非线性系统计算机辅助分析程序设计方法。文中涉及了五种典型非线性特征。运用此法编制的程序,能够判断系统在不同初始条件下的稳定性;如果系统存在自持振荡,则给出自持振荡的振幅和频率。同时,为使系统分析形象直观,在屏幕上进行了作图,并显示了分析结果.     

雷达目标跟踪中的非线性滤波技术

对雷达目标跟踪中的9种非线性滤波技术进行了综述,介绍了其基本思想,分析了各方法的优缺点并进行了比较。     

Control of Stochastic Systems with Markov Interrupted Observations

Linear discrete-time stochastic systems with abruptly changing parameters in the measurement mechanism are considered. The abrupt changes are modeled by a finite-state Markov chain. The multiple model partitioning approach is used to derive suboptimal control algorithms as the optimal solution is intractable. The proposed approach is illustrated by simulation examples.     

用于非线性跟踪问题的一种新的粒子滤波器

机动目标跟踪系统通常是非线性而且不完全观测的 ,所以问题的关键在于每一时刻的目标机动性都是高度不确定的。提出了一种新的平滑粒子滤波算法 ,该算法在粒子滤波器中加入了对系统模型的概率分布密度的平滑处理 ,从而很好的解决了目标的机动性估计问题。在仿真研究中 ,与辅助粒子滤波器的比较验证了本文算法处理非线性跟踪问题的优越性     

Automated Tracking for Aircraft Surveillance Radar Systems

An improved moving target detector (MTD) (a digital signal processor) has been designed, constructed, and tested which successfully rejects all forms of radar clutter while providing reliable detection of all aircraft within the coverage of the radar. The MTD is being tested on both terminal and enroute surveillance radars for the FAA. This processor has been integrated with automatic tracking algorithms to give complete rejection of ground clutter, heavy precipitation, and angels (birds).     

轨迹跟踪伺服系统的鲁棒复合控制

针对控制输入饱和受限且带有未知扰动的电机伺服系统,提出一种实现曲线轨迹准确跟踪的鲁棒复合控制方案。该方案引入一个参考信号生成器和一个扩展状态观测器,其中参考信号生成器可根据目标轨迹信号构造出对应的状态量,扩展状态观测器用于对系统的状态量和扰动进行估计, 采用反馈与前馈相结合构成最终的控制律。利用Lyapunov理论对闭环系统的稳定性进行了严格分析。在MATLAB中进行了仿真研究,随后在一个DSP控制的永磁直线电机二维伺服平台进行了试验验证。结果表明:所提的控制方案能在轨迹跟踪任务中取得优越的瞬态性能和稳态准确性,而且对目标轨迹和扰动的幅值差异具有较好的鲁棒性。     

Application of the Volterra Series to the Analysis and Design of an Angle Track Loop

A typical function of an angle tracking loop is to keep a radar antenna pointed at a target. The error in pointing is directly related to successful operation of the tracking device; therefore, its behavior is of interest. For a tracker with a general polynomial nonlinearity, an arbitrary initial pointing error, and a bounded deterministic input, a method is developed for finding upper bounds on the magnitude of the tracking error using Volterra series techniques. Convergence regions of the Volterra series are also obtained. Applications of these results are made to a second-order tracking device.     

Stabilization of Precision Electrooptical Pointing and Tracking Systems

This paper presents the pointing vector and angular rate relationshipsfor various optical elements as well as techniques developed forestablishing comprehensive analytical models of precision electroopticalstabilization systems. Since the performance of such systemsmay be critically dependent on the disturbance environment and theintegrity of the associated mechanism, these factors are also examinedin detail.