Tearing mode in thin current sheets of the Earth’s magnetosphere: A scenario of transition to unstable state

The results of numerical modeling of thinning process in the Earth’s magnetotail current sheet are compared with the model of an anisotropic current sheet in collisionless space plasma. Stability of the current sheet during its evolution is investigated. In the evolution one can distinguish three basic stages: 1) transformation of the initial two-dimensional “isotropic” equilibrium that is well described within the MHD-approximation into a relatively thin current structure; 2) further kinetic evolution, as a result of which the virtually one-dimensional, extremely thin current sheet is formed; 3) relaxation of the system into a new equilibrium that can be stable or unstable. A substorm scenario of transformation of the magnetospheric tail and its transition into the unstable state is suggested. The spontaneously appearing tearing disturbance favors a current sheet disruption. It is shown that the estimate of a tearing mode wavelength, obtained from the model, is in accordance with experimental observations during the explosive phase of substorms.     

Peculiarities of the formation of a thin current sheet in the Earth’s magnetosphere

We investigate the process of the self-consistent formation of a thin current sheet with a thickness close to the ion Larmor gyroradius in the presence of decreasing magnetic field’s normal component B_n. This behavior is typical of the current sheet of the Earth’s magnetospheric tail during geomagnetic substorms. It has been shown that, in a numerical model of the current sheet, based on the particle-in-cell method, the appearance of self-consistent electric field component E_y in the current sheet vicinity can lead to its significant thinning and, eventually, to the formation of a multiscale configuration with a thin current sheet (TCS) in the central region supported by transient particles. The structure of the resulting equilibrium is determined by the initial parameters of the model and by the particle dynamics during the sheet thinning. Under certain conditions, the particle drift in the crossed electric and magnetic fields leads to a significant portion of ions becoming trapped near the neutral sheet and, in this way, to the formation of a wider configuration with an embedded thin current sheet. The population of trapped particles produces diamagnetic negative currents that manifest in the form of negative wings at the periphery of the sheet. Correspondingly, in the direction perpendicular to the sheet, a nonmonotonic coordinate dependence of the magnetic field appears. The mechanisms of the evolution of the current sheet in the Earth’s magnetotail and the formation of a multiscale structure are discussed.     

某发动机低频不稳定燃烧的消除

根据发动机热试车出现的低频不稳定燃烧现象，分析了产品的故障模式，建立了相关零组件模型。对相关零件进行了改进设计，消除了发动机低频不稳定燃烧现象。     

交错磁场聚焦带状电子注的研究

带状电子注在均匀磁场作用下传输时,很容易形成Diocotron不稳定性,导致电子注在传输过程中产生逐渐的崩溃。文章采用交错排列的磁堆形成的PCM磁场聚焦半无限带状电子注,分析了PCM磁场聚焦半无限带状注的作用机理,得出半无限带状电子注在PCM磁场作用下的包络方程（Matthieu方程）。结合理论分析,使用三维粒子模拟程序模拟了PCM磁场对半无限带状电子注的聚焦,详细研究了PCM磁场的部分参数对电子注传输的影响,并对模拟结果进行了分析。     

绳系卫星系统中的周期运动

在椭圆轨道上飞行的绳系卫星系统的重要特征是系绳的方向角具有周期性运动，称为驻环。不稳定的驻环导致全系统的不稳定性。本文给出系统运动的数学模型、距离速率控制方法、求解驻环的数值迭代算法、驻环的稳定性和吸引域以及控制参数平面上驻环存在的区界和计算机仿真结果     

高压储气罐有限元分析

本文以ANSYS软件为基础,对高压长圆柱形天然气储运罐进行变形分析、应力分析,得到了储气罐的应力分布状态,分析了在壁厚方向及沿着罐壁方向上的应力变化。所得结果和理论结果吻合。此基础上,完成了气罐模态分析,得到了气罐的各阶固有频率及振型。计算结果表明计算方法有效,为进一步设计高压气罐提供了理论依据。     

Artificial equilibrium points for a solar balloon in the α Centauri system

This paper discusses the generation, stability, and control of artificial equilibrium points for a solar balloon spacecraft in the α Centauri A and B binary star system. The continuous propulsive acceleration provided by a solar balloon is shown to be able to modify the position of the (classical) Lagrangian equilibrium points of the three-body system on a locus whose geometrical form is known analytically. A linear stability analysis reveals that the new generated equilibrium points are usually unstable, but part of them can be stabilized with a simple feedback control logic.     

基于有限元仿真的薄壁圆柱壳轴向动力屈曲实验研究

研究薄壁圆柱壳的动力屈曲行为，有助于构造具有高吸能率的抗爆和抗冲击结构。基于有限元仿真，比较撞击系统动能的时间历程和屈曲变形的时间历程，提出了用以确定第二临界速度的能量迭代法，应用此方法设计薄壁圆柱壳的动力屈曲结构可有效地减少试验次数，降低实验成本。该方法的可行性和正确性利用落锤实验得到了验证。另外，数值仿真和实验研究表明：轴向冲击下的薄壁圆柱壳，随径厚比的增加，折屈边数有明显增加的趋势。     

Thermo-electro-hydrodynamic instabilities in a dielectric liquid under microgravity

Linear stability analysis of a dielectric fluid confined in a cylindrical annulus of infinite length is performed under microgravity conditions. A radial temperature gradient and a high alternating electric field imposed over the gap induce an effective gravity that can lead to a thermal convection even in the absence of the terrestrial gravity. The linearized governing equations are discretized using a spectral collocation method on Chebyshev polynomials to compute marginal stability curves and the critical parameters of instability. The critical parameters are independent of the Prandtl number, but they depend on the curvature of the system. The critical modes are non-axisymmetric and are made of stationary helices.     

考虑内压影响的加筋柱壳高效屈曲优化

针对运载火箭贮箱结构,基于渐近均匀化法建立考虑内压的非等厚筋条的加筋壳承载力快速计算方法。首先,采用渐近均匀化法获得加筋单胞的等效刚度阵,进而基于瑞利-里兹法计算考虑内压的整体失稳载荷,并基于板壳理论发展了加筋柱壳的蒙皮和筋条局部失稳载荷计算方法。此外,基于自适应代理模型优化方法,开展了考虑多种失效模式的加筋柱壳承载力最大化设计,以最优设计为例,分析了内压对加筋柱壳整体失稳载荷的影响规律。     

圆柱形声腔内衬三聚氰胺泡沫降噪方法

针对运载火箭整流罩内高强度的噪声问题,采用圆柱声腔内衬理论、有限元仿真和声学试验研究了三聚氰胺泡沫材料的中低频（100~400Hz）降噪特性。将三聚氰胺泡沫内衬等效为阻抗边界,给出了圆柱声腔简正频率的修正公式。测试了20mm、30mm、40mm厚三聚氰胺泡沫的流阻和吸声系数,通过虚拟阻抗管仿真校验了三聚氰胺泡沫的声学参数、给出了表面声阻抗率。对比了内衬理论、阻抗边界仿真、实体仿真的简正频率。建立了运载火箭整流罩圆柱段缩比模型的噪声试验平台,对空桶和敷设三种厚度三聚氰胺泡沫等四种工况进行了仿真分析和噪声试验,对比了不同厚度三聚氰胺泡沫的降噪效果。结果表明圆柱声腔内衬三聚氰胺泡沫后简正频率减小,且减小量与三聚氰胺泡沫衬里的厚度成正比;三聚氰胺泡沫衬里在中低频段仍能达到约4~8dB的降噪效果。     

Evolution of salt finger convection with steady wind shear

In oceanographics situations where salt fingers may be an important mechanism for the transport of heat and salt in the vertical direction, velocity shears may also be present. Salt finger convection is analogous to Bénard convection in that the kinetic energy of the motions is obtained from the potential energy stored in the unstable distribution of a stratifying component. On the basis of the thermal analogy it is of interest to discover whether salt fingers are converted into two-dimensional sheets by wind shear, and how the vertical fluxes of heat and salt are changed by wind shear. Salt finger convection under the effect of steady wind shear is theoretically examined in this paper. The evolution of instability developing in the presence of a vertical density gradient disturbance and the horizontal Couette flow is considered near the onset of salt fingers under a moderate rate of shear. We use velocity as the basic variable and solve the pressure Poisson equation in terms of the associated Green function. Growth competition between the longitudinal rolls (LR) and the transverse rolls (TR), whose axes are, respectively, in the direction parallel to and perpendicular to the Couette flow, is investigated by the weakly nonlinear analysis of coupled-mode equations. The results show that the TR mode is stable under a small wind shear and the LR mode is stable for a higher wind shear.     

激光模式对典型金属材料烧蚀影响的数值模拟研究

利用自编的LAMP程序计算了铝、镁和钛等3种金属材料的激光烧蚀温度场,重点分析了激光作用模式对烧蚀效果的影响,并考虑了材料表面反射系数随温度变化的情况。计算结果表明,对于同样的金属靶,当光斑和激光平均功率相同时,重频频率小、占空比小的激光烧蚀贯穿靶所需的时间最少。     

固体火箭发动机燃烧不稳定的影响因素分析和最新研究进展

总结和分析了国外对固体火箭发动机中出现的燃烧不稳定问题的理论、数值和实验研究.介绍了国外的研究思路和现状,详细阐述了固体火箭发动机中燃烧不稳定的主要影响因素,以及目前国外公认的不稳定触发机理--声/涡耦合、抑制措施及预测理论方面的进展,总结了有关发展大型分段式固体火箭发动机可能存在燃烧不稳定的相关信息,以期对国内固体火箭发动机在该方面的研究提供一定的参考.     

不确定多变量线性系统的快速收敛Terminal滑模控制

针对一类不确定多变量线性系统,提出一种对数型快速Terminal滑模变结构控制方案,设计了对数型非线性Terminal滑模超曲面及其相应的变结构控制律.研究结果表明:系统状态在有限时间内收敛至Teminal 滑模面上,随后系统保持在滑模面上并在有限时间内收敛到平衡点.与普通快速Terminal滑模相比,在滑模面上能以更...     

管子与管板的联接方式述评

文章对换热器中管子和管板的几种常用联接方式从制造、使用及维修的角度进行了分析、比较。指出液袋胀接是一种很有发展前途的胀接技术,粘胀联接和螺纹联接各有独到的优越性。     

某碳纤维复合材料发动机壳体设计研制

介绍了某直径400 mm碳纤维缠绕复合材料发动机壳体的设计研制。根据该发动机的结构,以石棉/丁腈橡胶为壳体绝热层材料,用网格法建立了封头和筒段等结构层的模型,并给出了发动机的纤维缠绕壳体壁厚和层数设计结果,以及芯模制作、壳体绝热层成型和壳体裙装配等主要成型工艺。工作压力、气密和爆破等水压试验结果表明,所设计的碳复合材料发动机壳体满足性能要求。     

一类不确定混沌系统的强鲁棒跟踪控制

基于指数终端吸引子的有限时间快速收敛特性,将指数型快速终端滑模引入一类不确定混沌系统,提出了一种新的滑模变结构跟踪控制。证明了系统跟踪误差变量在有限时间内能以较快的收敛速度到达各级滑模面的邻域,并最终收敛至平衡点附近很小的区域,系统有良好的动态性能。Dulling系统仿真结果表明该控制策略有强鲁棒性。     

空气加热器声学振荡特性的数值计算

为研究空气加热器的声学振荡特性并为其设计和后续的试验方案提供借鉴,对空气加热器不同喷嘴位置处的喷雾火焰形成的声学振荡进行了数值仿真,重点研究了多个离散点处的不稳定特征以及燃烧室内的流场演化过程。仿真结果捕捉到了燃烧不稳定的典型特征,如起振、线性增长、稳定极限环;非稳态流场直观地展示出喷注面板中心位置处的喷嘴形成的喷雾火焰容易形成二阶横向声学振荡,并且这种振荡形式具有从喷注面板向喷管入口传播的行波特征;离面板中心53.6mm的喷嘴形成的喷雾火焰容易形成一阶横向声学振荡,这种振荡形式没有明显的行波特征。     

导弹电液伺服机构的终端滑模控制研究

针对导弹电液伺服机构的调节控制,设计了一种终端滑模控制方案。采用特殊的终端滑模切换面及相应的控制策略,使系统在有限时间内收敛至终端滑模面。当系统到达终端滑模面后保证系统的状态保持在终端滑模面上,并于有限时间内收敛于平衡点附近的邻域内。仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性和分析的正确性。