圆柱贮箱内液体非线性稳态晃动实验及动力学特性分析

针对圆柱贮箱内液体非线性稳态晃动力和力矩动态信号的采集与分析问题,设计了一种能同时实现充液贮箱整体固定安装和液体动态晃动力、力矩精确测量的实验装置,给出了相应的实验数据采集、分析和处理方法。通过开展大量实验,将实验数据与CFD仿真结果进行细致对比后发现:在旋转晃动状态下,CFD仿真结果存在明显的计算偏差,不便被独立的用于完整揭示贮箱内液体晃动的真实特性。最后,归纳了贮箱内液体的非线性稳态晃动行为随横向外激励频率的变化规律,并对比分析了驻波晃动、拍振晃动、多类复杂的旋转晃动等多种不同形式的非线性稳态晃动行为对运载工具控制系统的任务执行效率和稳定性的影响。     

高雷诺数下交叉圆柱涡激振动的数值分析

基于能量捕获应用场景,利用数值仿真的方法研究了高雷诺数下交叉圆柱的涡激振动(Vortex Induced Vibration, VIV)现象。首先建立了三维VIV数值模型,通过与已有文献试验数据对比验证了该数值模型的准确性。进而在该模型的基础上,对交叉圆柱的VIV进行了仿真研究,并与普通圆柱做了对比分析。研究发现,受竖圆柱的影响,交叉圆柱在中低流速的涡强度有所减小,使低流速下的柱体振幅减小,启动流速变大;在中流速范围,涡脱落位置的改变,使得振幅增加;在高流速范围涡强度和涡脱落位置变化并不明显,振幅也与普通圆柱相近。     

低重环境下圆柱贮箱内液体晃动特性研究的一种解析法

考虑低重环境下圆柱贮箱内由于表面张力影响而呈现弯曲自由液面的情况,利用Fourier Bessel级数对贮箱受横向激励时的自由液面处的边界条件进行展开,得到液体晃动系统的广义状态方程,给出了固有频率、晃动波高、晃动力和晃动力矩等晃动特性的计算公式。通过数值算例与文献结果对比,在验证文中方法正确性的同时,具体研究了各晃动特性随充液深度、外激励频率和Bond数等参数变化的规律。     

一种改进的跨声速旋成体壁面脉动压力经验预测公式

使用大涡模拟（LES）方法对典型整流罩旋成体结构进行非定常数值模拟研究,结果表明引起壁面压力脉动的流场结构随时间和空间变化,不同的流场结构之间相互干扰。同时研究发现,旋成体折角膨胀会造成流动在较短的距离内迅速加减速,同样引起壁面压力脉动。基于上述流动现象,重新划分压力脉动产生区域,通过引入空间修正项,提出一套改进的跨声速旋成体壁面脉动压力经验公式。算例表明,该方法能够显著提高旋成体在跨声速条件下的脉动压力分布的预测精度。     

Stationary Motions of a Homogeneous Meteor Ring in the Gravitational Field of a Center

The problem of studying a ring in the gravitational field of a center arose after the discovery of Saturn's rings by Galileo and subsequent discovery of the rings of other planets of the Solar System. Modern theoretical investigations of the existence and stability of planetary rings are mostly related to studies of plane differentially rotating discs [1]. As opposed to this line of research, this paper follows the approach established in classical works [2–4].     

Convection of liquid with internal heat release in a rotating container

The convection of heat-generating fluid in a rotating horizontal cylinder is experimentally investigated. The threshold of convection excitation, the structure of convective flows and the heat transfer in the cylinder depending on the heat release capacity, liquid viscosity and aspect ratio of the cavity are studied. It is found that the average convection is excited by the thermovibrational mechanism —the gravity force, rotating in the cavity frame, produces the oscillations of non-isothermal fluid relative to the wall, which in turn result in excitation of mean convective flows. It is shown that the structure of convective flows depends on the dimensionless velocity of rotation. At relatively low rotation velocity the convection develops in the form of a periodic system of vortices regularly distributed along the cylinder axis. The threshold of excitation (critical value of vibration parameter) of three-dimensional vortex structures grows with rotation velocity. Above some definite rotation velocity the convection develops as two-dimensional rolls parallel to the axis of rotation. The threshold of two-dimensional structures excitation does not depend on the rotation velocity. Besides the structure of thermal convective flows the analysis of the relatively weak currents generated by the inertial waves below the threshold of convection is performed.     

Translational–Rotational Motion of a Viscoelastic Sphere in Gravitational Field of an Attracting Center and a Satellite

We study the translational–rotational motion of a planet modeled by a viscoelastic sphere in the gravitational fields of an immovable attracting center and a satellite modeled as material points. The satellite and the planet move with respect to their common center of mass that, in turn, moves with respect to the attracting center. The exact system of equations of motion of the considered mechanical system is deduced from the D'Alembert–Lagrange variational principle. The method of separation of motions is applied to the obtained system of equations and an approximate system of ordinary differential equations is deduced which describes the translational–rotational motion of the planet and its satellite, taking into account the perturbations caused by elasticity and dissipation. An analysis of the deformed state of the viscoelastic planet under the action of gravitational forces and forces of inertia is carried out. It is demonstrated that in the steady-state motion, when energy dissipation vanishes, the planet's center of mass and the satellite move along circular orbits with respect to the attracting center, being located on a single line with it. The viscoelastic planet in its steady-state motion is immovable in the orbital frame of reference. It is demonstrated that this steady-state motion is unstable.     

2006年度桃仙机场强对流天气之多普勒强度回波与数值预报产品的比较分析

一、引言机场的天气受各种不同尺度天气现象的综合影响。全球数值预报模式已经成功地应用于航空领域,特别是中小尺度的分析,对于机场飞行器的飞行安全尤为重要。同时,多普勒天气雷达可以探测到降水内和晴空大气中水平风场和铅直风场、降水滴谱和大气湍流,可以探测冰雹、下击暴流等。     

南京机场强对流天气预警系统的研究

一、引言强对流天气一直是航空气象预报中的重点。在雷暴活动区中飞行,除了云中飞行的一般困难外,还会遇到强烈的颠簸,积冰,电击,阵雨和恶劣能见度。有时还会遇到冰雹,下击暴流,低空风切变和龙卷。停放在地面的飞机也会遇     

Solving Optimization Problems for the Flight Trajectories of a Spacecraft with a High-Thrust Jet Engine in Pulse Formulation for an Arbitrary Gravitational Field in a Vacuum

A mathematically well-posed technique is suggested to obtain first-order necessary conditions of local optimality for the problems of optimization to be solved in a pulse formulation for flight trajectories of a spacecraft with a high-thrust jet engine (HTJE) in an arbitrary gravitational field in vacuum. The technique is based on the Lagrange principle of derestriction for conditional extremum problems in a function space. It allows one to formalize an algorithm of change from the problems of optimization to a boundary-value problem for a system of ordinary differential equations in the case of any optimization problem for which the pulse formulation makes sense. In this work, such a change is made for the case of optimizing the flight trajectories of a spacecraft with a HTJE when terminal and intermediate conditions (like equalities, inequalities, and the terminal functional of minimization) are taken in a general form. As an example of the application of the suggested technique, we consider in this work, within the framework of a bounded circular three-point problem in pulse formulation, the problem of constructing the flight trajectories of a spacecraft with a HTJE through one or several libration points (including the case of going through all libration points) of the Earth–Moon system. The spacecraft is launched from a circular orbit of an Earth's artificial satellite and, upon passing through a point (or points) of libration, returns to the initial orbit. The expenditure of mass (characteristic velocity) is minimized at a restricted time of transfer.     

The Use of Quaternions in the Optimal Control Problems of Motion of the Center of Mass of a Spacecraft in a Newtonian Gravitational Field: I

The problem of optimal control is considered for the motion of the center of mass of a spacecraft in a central Newtonian gravitational field. For solving the problem, two variants of the equations of motion for the spacecraft center of mass are used, written in rotating coordinate systems. Both the variants have a quaternion variable among the phase variables. In the first variant this variable characterizes the orientation of an instantaneous orbit of the spacecraft and (simultaneously) the spacecraft location in this orbit, while in the second variant only the instantaneous orbit orientation is specified by it. The suggested equations are convenient in the respect that they allow the general three-dimensional problem of optimal control by the motion of the spacecraft center of mass to be considered as a composition of two interrelated problems. In the first variant these problems are (1) the problem of control of the shape and size of the spacecraft orbit and (2) the problem of control of the orientation of a spacecraft orbit and the spacecraft location in this orbit. The second variant treats (1) the problem of control of the shape and size of the spacecraft orbit and the orbit location of the spacecraft and (2) the problem of control of the orientation of the spacecraft orbit. The use of quaternion variables makes this consideration most efficient. The problem of optimal control is solved on the basis of the maximum principle. Several first integrals of the systems of equations of the boundary value problems of the maximum principle are found. Transformations are suggested that reduce the dimensions of the systems of differential equations of boundary value problems (without complicating them). Geometrical interpretations are given to the transformations and first integrals. The relation of the vectorial first integral of one of the derived systems of equations (which is an analog of the well-known vectorial first integral of the studied problem of optimal control) with the found quaternion first integral is considered. In this paper, which is the first part of the work, we consider the models of motion of the spacecraft center of mass that employ quaternion variables. The problem of optimal control by the motion of the spacecraft center of mass is investigated on the basis of the first variant of equations of motion. An example of a numerical solution of the problem is given.     

The Use of Quaternions in the Optimal Control Problems of Motion of the Center of Mass of a Spacecraft in a Newtonian Gravitational Field: III

The results of numerical solution of the problem of a rendezvous in the central Newtonian gravitational field of a controlled spacecraft with an uncontrollable spacecraft moving along an elliptic Keplerian orbit are presented. Two variants of the equations of motion for the spacecraft center of mass are used, written in rotating coordinate systems and using quaternion variables to describe the orientations of these coordinate systems. The problem of a rendezvous of two spacecraft is formulated [1, 2] as a problem of optimal control by the motion of the center of mass of a controlled spacecraft with a movable right end of the trajectory, and it is solved on the basis of Pontryagin's maximum principle. The paper is a continuation of papers [1, 2], where the problem of a rendezvous of two spacecraft has been considered theoretically using the two above variants of the equations of motion for the center of mass of the controlled spacecraft.     

The Use of Quaternions in the Optimal Control Problems of Motion of the Center of Mass of a Spacecraft in a Newtonian Gravitational Field: II

The problem of a rendezvous in the central Newtonian gravitational field is considered for a controlled spacecraft and an uncontrollable spacecraft moving along an elliptic Keplerian orbit. For solving the problem, two variants of the equations of motion for the spacecraft center of mass are used, written in rotating coordinate systems and using quaternion variables to describe the orientations of these coordinate systems. In the first variant of the equations of motion a quaternion variable characterizes the orientation of an instantaneous orbit of the spacecraft and the spacecraft location in the orbit, while in the second variant it characterizes the orientation of the plane of the spacecraft instantaneous orbit and the location of a generalized pericenter in the orbit. The quaternion variable used in the second variant of the equations of motion is a quaternion osculating element of the spacecraft orbit. The problem of a rendezvous of two spacecraft is formulated as a problem of optimal control by the motion of the center of mass of a controlled spacecraft with a movable right end of the trajectory, and it is solved on the basis of Pontryagin's maximum principle.     

机动飞行姿态下含气贮箱中液体晃动仿真分析

用瞬态动力学分析软件MSC／Dytran中的欧拉方法，对给定机动飞行姿态下含气枕气体贮箱内液体的晃动问题，进行了动力学仿真建模分析，并得出了给定时间段内液体晃动的仿真结果。仿真结果与理论分析较为符合。为类似问题提供了一种动力学仿真的解决方法。     

复杂热环境下平流层飞艇高空驻留热动力学特性

热问题是平流层飞艇高空驻留期间面临的重点问题之一。分析了太阳辐射、地球反照和红外辐射等热环境因素的时变特征,提出了多节点平流层飞艇热动力学分析模型。该模型可较好地实现平流层飞艇昼夜热动力学特性仿真研究。计算结果表明,季节、纬度和大气对流等因素对平流层飞艇的热动力学特性有着重要影响。     

固体火箭发动机地面试验性能参数测量不确定度评估

首先阐述了A类不确定度与B类不确定度的评估方法,进而讨论了单通道测量结果与多通道测量结果的评估方法,最后阐述了通过抽样试验获得的样本数据,估计总体的性能参数范围这一参数估计问题。     

Microscope in orbit calibration procedure for a test of the equivalence principle at 10(-15)

The scientific objectives of the MICROSCOPE space mission impose a very fine calibration of the on-board accelerometers. However the required performance cannot be achieved on ground because of the presence of high disturbing sources. On-board the CHAMP satellite, accelerometers similar in the concept to the MICROSCOPE instrument, have already flown and analysis of the provided data then allowed to characterise the vibration environment at low altitude as well as the fluctuation of the drag. The requirements of the in-orbit calibration procedure for the MICROSCOPE instrument are demonstrated by modelling the expected applied acceleration signals with the developed analytic model of the mission. The proposed approach exploits the drag-free system of the satellite and the sensitivity of the accelerometers. A specific simulator of the attitude control system of the satellite has been developed and tests of the proposed solution are performed using nominal conditions or disturbing conditions as observed during the CHAMP mission.     

落实科学发展观当好新时期基层团干部

随着我国民航业的快速发展,和谐空管建设对做好空管青年职工和共青团工作提出了新的时代要求。作为空管系统的基层团干部,应该站在时代的前列,奋发有为,不辱使命,不负重托,团结和带领广大青年团员,为空管事业的又好又快发展而努力奋斗。