基于FPGA的高清CCD视频信号预处理电路的设计

在高清CCD图像传感器KAI-2093和视频信号处理芯片AD9847工作原理的基础上,设计了高清CCD成像系统视频信号处理电路。选用FPGA器件作为硬件设计载体,使用VHDL语言对AD9847的初始化配置和驱动时序发生器进行了硬件描述。采用ISE10．1软件对所做的设计进行了功能仿真。仿真结果表明,所研制的高清CCD视频信号处理电路不仅可以满足高清CCD成像系统视频处理的要求,而且性能可靠,使用灵活。     

Open systems avionics network to replace MIL-STD-1553

This paper is a proposal for a future method of avionics data communication. The need for this proposal results from the shortcomings in the current avionics architecture, video distribution network, and in the MIL-STD-1553 data communication system. The separately wired video and data communication systems can be combined to save weight, which is especially critical for rotorcraft. Aircraft, once fielded, have limited capacity for modification and improvement due to fixed computer throughput and processing performance, network bandwidth, and space available in the avionics equipment bays. The changes proposed by this paper are to be made in conjunction with the replacement of the redundant computer boxes with open system avionics functions on industry standard circuit cards. This open architecture approach was developed over the last ten years and is now being implemented in many aircraft applications including the F-22 and the RAH-66 programs. The V-22 rotorcraft, which although just entering production, is being modified for joint service customers where modern computer performance and expanded data network bandwidth is needed. The changes of this proposal will fill this need, reduce the weight of upcoming production models, and provide growth or spare capability so that additional video and data components can be added with minimal effect on existing components. This paper examines the current V-22 avionics video and data communication hardware and wiring and propose a new implementation of open system architecture standards with integrated digital video and data communication based on ANSI standard copper fibre channel     

一种机动多目标雷达视频信号模拟器的设计

给出了一种机动多目标雷达视频信号模拟器的软硬件设计方案,它可实时输出所需的多个动目标雷达视频信号,雷达信号的类型、目标的数量、目标的回波特性、目标的运动特性、杂波的类型及参数等均可方便地进行设置。该模拟器可满足各种雷达信号处理算法(如杂波抑制、恒虚警检测、动目标跟踪、多基地数据融合等)的测试与效果分析,以及对雷达信号处理机等进行性能调试与测试的需要。     

SDRAM在机载显示系统中的研究应用

飞机座舱显示系统是航电电子系统的重要组成部分,在机载显示器实时视频图像处理中,通常都要对视频图像进行缓存,因此需要大容量的存储器。传统的SRAM由于成本高、速率慢,已经无法满足视频处理对存储器的要求,SDRAM速率快、容量大、体积小,是比较理想的器件。提出一种基于SDRAM的设计,在DVI视频处理电路中可以实现对1600×1200的视频做图像缓存处理,可以在航电显示系统中用于视频缩放、视频压缩、视频增强等。     

天文观测相机的视频处理电路的设计

在讨论传统的天文观测相机视频处理方式的基础上,设计了以高集成度的专用CCD视频信号处理芯片TDA8783为核心的相机视频处理电路方案.对所设计的视频处理电路进行了软硬件联调测试,仿真和实验的结果表明,电路系统运行稳定,噪声低,方案对后续观测相机系统的小型化具有较好的参考意义.     

Achieving a hands-free computer interface using voice recognitionand speech synthesis [for Windows-based ATE]

Software designers at Hill Air Force Base have developed a voice recognition and speech synthesis system (Voice Control) for use with the F-16 Analog Test Station Sustainment (FATSS) project. The Voice Control system is reliable, speaker independent, and has a total added hardware price tag of under $50.00 per station. In contrast to traditional voice recognition systems, operator training is not required. OO-ALC has developed a general-purpose internal interface (Voice Control) to the Speech Recognition and Text-To-Speech engines provided by Microsoft. Voice Control can be accessed by any 32-bit Windows software, which has windows messaging capability. This is available to standard programming languages such as LabWindows CVI, Borland or Microsoft C/C++, Visual Basic, or even commercial packages such as Lotus Notes and Microsoft Word. Through Voice Control, the computer uses both video and voice prompts to request input from the operator. The operator is allowed to enter data and to control the software flow by voice command or from the keyboard or mouse. The Voice Control system allows for dynamic specification of a grammar set, or legal set of commands. The use of a reduced grammar set greatly increases recognition accuracy. The computer voice enables the operator to focus his attention away from the computer screen, which is required for activities such as probing a circuit card and taking readings. When the operator takes readings, the computer, to insure reliable entry, echoes his voice entries. With electronic tuning, speech synthesis allows the operator to hear the resulting reading, enabling him to focus on the circuit card instead of constantly turning his head to see the computer screen. This paper describes the capability and functionality of the Voice Control system     

Low-cost technology for multimode radar

A flexible test bed radar architecture is described which includes an integrated RF electronics package that can support multiple radar applications, including surveillance, fire control, target acquisition, and tracking. This type of architecture can significantly reduce the cost, power, size, and weight of electronics on future weapon delivery platforms. The Army Research Laboratory (ARL) is developing technology to support multimode radar requirements. These requirements include the detection and location of moving or stationary low radar cross section targets in heavy ground clutter and the classification and/or recognition of these targets. We address these requirements with commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) products and the integration of several enabling technologies. The test bed radar includes a direct digital synthesizer (DDS) for frequency-diverse waveform generation, a flexible wideband transceiver for bandwidth extension and frequency translation, and an open architecture signal processor with embedded wideband analog-to-digital converters for real-time acquisition and processing. Efficient signal processing algorithms have been developed to demonstrate multimode radar capability. This paper discusses the various subassemblies, algorithm efficiency, and field experiment results     

基于FPGA 的机载视频切换显示和检测方案的设计与实现

提出了一种基于FPGA 的机载视频切换显示和检测方案。以可编程逻辑器件（FPGA）为核心处理器, 阐述了整个系统设计原理,并详细介绍了系统内部的硬软件设计。最后,搭建硬件测试平台进行测试和验证。 设计实现了5 路PAL-D 制视频输入、6 路PAL-D 制视频输出的实时切换显示功能,同时,对输入输出视频有 效性进行了检测。极大地简化了系统硬件架构和逻辑算法,且视频输出延迟较低,从而降低了系统功耗,提高 了系统的可靠性。     

Optical moving target detection with 3-D matched filtering

Three-dimensional (3-D) matched filtering has been suggested as a powerful processing technique for detecting weak, moving optical targets immersed in a background noise field. The procedure requires the processing of entire sequences of frames of optical scenes containing the moving targets. The 3-D processor must be properly matched to the target signature and its velocity vector, but will simultaneously detect all targets to which it is matched. The results of a study to evaluate the 3-D processor are presented. Simulation results are reported which show the ability of the processor to detect targets well below the background level. These results demonstrate the capability and robustness of the processor, and show that the algorithms, although somewhat complicated, can be implemented readily. Some effects on the number of frames processed, target flight scenarios, and velocity and signature mismatch are also presented. The ability to detect multiple targets is demonstrated     

CHZ型重力仪控制系统的数字化设计与实现

为提高CHZ型海洋重力仪控制系统的自动化程度及抗干扰能力,提出了基于FPGA的数字化控制系统实现方案.该方案集成机械零偏补偿、数据处理、系统监测与报警等功能为一体,还可灵活切换不同控制参数,满足不同海况环境,提高了系统集成度和故障定位能力,增加了控制系统的可靠性.     

Future architecture of flight control systems

The development of fault tolerant embedded control systems such as flight control systems (FCS) are currently highly specialized and time-consuming. We introduce a conceptual architecture for the next decade control system where all control and logic are distributed to a number of computer nodes locally linked to actuators and connected via a communication network. In this way, we substantially reduce the life-cycle cost of embedded systems and attain scalable fault tolerance. All fault tolerance is based on redundancy. Our philosophy is to cover permanent faults with hardware replication and handle all error processing caused by both permanent and transient faults with software techniques. With intelligent nodes and use of inherent redundancy we introduce a robust and simple fault tolerant system that utilizes minimum hardware and has bandwidth requirements of less than 300 kbits/s, which can be met with an electrical bus. The study is based on an FCS for JAS 39 Gripen, a multi-role combat aircraft that is statically unstable at subsonic speed.     

燃气涡轮发动机故障诊断的人工神经网络法

介绍了人工神经网络专家系统在航空涡轮风扇发动机故障诊断上的应用。通过一个高涵道比涡扇发动机故障诊断的实例分析, 验证了三层逆传播网络的可行性。非常令人鼓舞的诊断结果证明:神经网络的模糊联想特点、分布存储和并行处理能力以及对随机误差的抑制作用, 使其成为一个有效的和快速的方法。它有很好的应用前景, 并可广泛用于航空发动机的故障诊断。      

光电经纬仪红外成像跟踪处理器的研究与实现

以高性能数字信号处理器TMS320C6203为核心,结合CPLD（可编程逻辑器件）进行逻辑控制,用FPGA（现场可编程门阵列）进行预处理,设计了实时目标检测和跟踪系统。介绍了实时图像处理系统的硬件组成、工作原理、软件流程,重点分析目标检测算法和系统实时性。该系统被成功用于光电经纬仪红外图像处理系统中,经试验证明,系统对弱小目标的检测、识别和跟踪能力达到实际工程的实时性需求,大大提高了数据采集能力与处理速度,采样精度得到很大提高,完全满足系统设计要求。     

Detection of moving targets in wideband SAR

A likelihood ratio is proposed for moving target detection in a wideband (WB) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) system. WB is defined here as any systems having a large fractional bandwidth, i.e., an ultra wide frequency band combined with a wide antenna beam. The developed method combines time-domain fast backprojection SAR processing methods with moving target detection using space-time processing. The proposed method reduces computational load when sets of relative speeds can be tested using the same clutter-suppressed subaperture beams. The proposed method is tested on narrowband radar data.     

GPS guidance system increases projectile accuracy

To meet the size/performance and cost-driven goals required for more advanced projectile and mortar applications, IEC focused its efforts on function consolidation, electronic signal protection, ultra-deep sensor integration, and processing stability. IEC's development has been in the utilization of silicon-based micro-machine technology for the inertial sensor, high levels of processor integration, and hardware function consolidation, making the guidance package inherently immune to the vibration and high G shock effects of the launch. In addition, the size and power are sufficiently reduced to fit the constraints of the fuse well. While a GPS “only”-based guidance system seemed an ideal solution for the lowest cost implementation of smart weapon guidance, the potential for signal jamming meant that a GPS “only” solution would not be able to guide the projectile to the target. To resolve this limitation, an anti-jam (AJ) capability had to be incorporated into the GPS receiver, and a miniature on-board inertial measurement unit (IMU) had to be part of the system. Initial laboratory tests have proven that the GPS/inertial guidance system, enhanced with a robust, low-cost AJ subsystem, performs consistently well under simulated battlefield conditions     

Motion estimation for moving target detection

This paper describes a suite of techniques for the autonomous detection of moving targets by processing electro-optical sensor imagery (such as visible or infrared imagery). Specific application scenarios that require moving target detection capability are described, and solutions are developed under the constraints imposed by the scenarios. Performance evaluation results are presented using a test data set of over 300 images, consisting of real imagery (visible and infrared) representative of the application scenarios     

全台压气机实验数据采集处理自动化

1.引言 压气机实验提出了更高的要求,测试系统不仅只具有数据采集的功能,而且是一个集控制、数据采集、实时处理、打印、绘图等于一体的多功能自动化测试系统。以此为目的,建立了一个以IBM PC/XT微型计算机为中心控制机的适于全台压气机实验的多功能大型数据采集处理自动化系统。     

基于FPGA的多通道ARINC429通信芯片的设计

ARINC429是一种在航空电子系统领域被广泛应用的总线标准。采用PFGA器件设计集成多路ARINC429通道的通信芯片,可以有效地提高数据通信模块的处理能力和集成度,并降低研制成本。本文提出了一种内置控制核和大容量缓存的多路通信芯片的设计原理,它采用基于FPGA的硬件方法;而FPGA设计采用的硬件语言是VHDL,实现平台是ALTERA的FLEX系列逻辑器件。这种设计方法已被验证对通信电路的研制是行之有效的。     

基于DSP+FPGA的数字视频信号处理系统

研制了一种基于FPGA DSP的数字视频信号处理系统,详细分析了系统中视频信号的转换(SAA7113)、视频信号的处理(FPGA DSP)以及与PC机通信(FPGA与USB接口)的工作原理和流程。系统采用模块化设计,计算效率高,工作稳定可靠。     

Avionics cost of ownership

The cost of ownership of avionics includes not only the development and acquisition cost, but also the yearly operating and support (O and S) (maintenance) cost of hardware, software, and support equipment. This paper presents an avionics cost of ownership methodology developed for USAF, its data sources, and business metrics computed for USAF decision makers as we move toward operating avionics as a business. The business model is used to determine which existing avionics are candidates for replacement with new technology and to prioritize the replacements. These avionics are often used on multiple aircraft types which necessitates analysis of the causes of the high cost of ownership on each type. Databases are used to document the processing functions, data flow, and constraints of the item being analyzed. These constraints include physical, environmental, electrical, and data interfaces. Databases containing alternatives are evaluated against standard mission scenarios for aircraft utilizing these high cost avionics to determine their impact on performance, O and S costs, and mission effectiveness. The results of the foregoing analyses steps are then used in life cycle cost analyses which consider different retrofit scenarios for each alternative for each aircraft type against the avionics being analyzed for replacement. The alternatives are prioritized and a risk analysis performed considering technical, schedule, and cost growth risks. The avionics cost of ownership methodology described in this paper processes data from USAF maintenance organizations. This has revealed the very large expenditures being made to support highly unreliable avionics. These methods can be applied to all military and commercial aircraft systems to determine not only the cost of ownership of existing systems, but also the cost of ownership of new systems when they are retrofit