一种新型微纳量级的推进概念研究

皮纳卫星主要用于星群侦查任务,针对该量级卫星的推进系统,研究一种新型微纳量级的推进技术(光波纳米推进技术),该推进技术结合表面等离子体激元技术和聚焦光场中的"光镊"技术来产生推力。为验证工作原理的可行性,采用数值分析方法,对不同结构和材料的天线、不同级联通道形状以及不同推进工质下的推进效果进行仿真预估,对天线间隙的激元电磁场、其所产生的光梯度力以及级联后可实现的推力进行了研究,以确定工作原理可行。结果表明,光波纳米推进技术可以实现微牛量级的推力,可基本满足皮纳卫星的推进需要。     

复合纳米自润滑金刚石砂轮磨削SiC陶瓷的试验研究

提出一种复合纳米自润滑金刚石砂轮的制备方法,并对制备的砂轮进行SiC陶瓷的磨削试验,分析砂轮表面不同质量分数的复合纳米颗粒对磨削性能的影响。使用MoS₂、TiO₂纳米颗粒作为自润滑砂轮基底的填充材料,采用复合纳米自润滑金刚石砂轮和传统金刚石砂轮进行磨削对比试验,研究复合纳米自润滑金刚石砂轮的润滑机制。研究结果表明,复合纳米自润滑金刚石砂轮自释放的纳米颗粒有效地参与了磨削区间的润滑,砂轮的法相力、切向力降低,提升了工件表面质量。在磨削深度为2～8μm内,复合纳米自润滑金刚石砂轮的具体表现为法向磨削力降低18.6%～38.7%、切向磨削力降低11.2%～28.6%,工件表面粗糙度降低13.9%～41.5%。根据本试验所得数据,当砂轮表面复合纳米颗粒质量分数为8%时,润滑性能和工件表面质量最佳。     

全红外光激发里德堡原子微波电场测量

基于高激发里德堡原子的微波电场测量技术与传统金属天线相比有诸多优越性,是未来微波电场高精度测量的重要方案之一。采用全红外光激发里德堡原子的方案不再依赖复杂而昂贵的短波长激光器,大大减小了激光器系统的体积与能耗。在三红外光级联激发里德堡铷原子的过程中,发现了中间态对应的双光梯形电磁诱导透明光学参数对三光激发里德堡态电磁诱导吸收峰信噪比具有重要影响,因此采用光失谐方法能很好地优化三光EIA光谱。利用微波场下的Autler-Townes分裂效应和标准天线方法对微波喇叭天线发射的微波电场实现精确的校准,并以此为基础通过超外差接收技术成功探测到本地场与信号场所形成的拍频信号,得到了拍频光电信号与信号场强度之间的线性关系。最终通过实验噪声基底的噪声功率谱得到三红外光里德堡铷原子微波测量的极限灵敏度为37.5(5.5) nV·■。采用三束红外光激发的方法为研制小型里德堡原子微波电场探测仪器奠定了物理基础。     

置换反应中银纳米结构的变化

银纳米材料的特性及应用取决于银纳米结构的形貌、尺寸等因素,本文通过制备具有一定形态的银纳米结构,研究纳米结构生长和转变机制.采用AgNO3和Zn反应置换银纳米粒子.采用光学显微镜、TEM、SAED等分析手段,考察了银纳米材料的形貌和晶体结构随反应时间和AgNO3浓度的变化.结果表明:随着反应时间的延长,银枝晶由密集树枝结构转变成分形结构;随着AgNO3溶液浓度的增大,呈现出从树枝状多晶逐渐转变为单晶的过程.     

相位共振／相位分离一体化模态识别技术

基于激振力矢量优化和虚拟验证技术，提出了一种飞机地面振动试验的相位共振和相位分离一体化方法。具有密集模态的法宇航GARTEUR飞机模型实验应用证明了这一方法的有效性。本项研究对于改进复杂飞机机体结构的模态识别质量和效率具有重要工程意义。     

基底/功能梯度涂层结构的动态热应力分析及结构优化

研究了金属基底 /功能梯度涂层结构中的动态热应力;对功能梯度材料的梯度指数进行了优化;分析了可能的破坏模式。研究结果表明,加热速度对结构中的热应力分布有很大的影响,存在优化的梯度指数使得结构具有最大的热强度。     

复合材料梯形波纹夹层板的优化设计

针对复合材料梯形波纹夹层板的优化设计,提出了一个三步优化方法。第1步和第3步以结构质量为目标函数,使用广义简约梯度法进行尺寸优化,第2步以临界载荷为目标函数,使用遗传算法进行铺层优化。最后通过算例验证了优化策略的有效性。     

一种用于纳米颗粒场致发射推力器的自中和技术

纳米颗粒场致发射推力器(NFET)是一种用于微小卫星的固体工质静电推力器,为促进NFET的工程研制,提出一种新的自中和技术——反向充电中和策略。为研究这种自中和技术的设计方法,建立相应的数值模型以模拟该中和技术下羽流输运过程,并且,在真空舱中开展NFET的羽流测量试验来验证中和模型的正确性。以比色温度计和"打靶法"装置来分别测量羽流温度分布和推力,通过试验与仿真结果的对比,羽流温度变化的试验结果与仿真结果在定性规律上一致,推力的计算误差在9%～10%。在验证模型正确性的基础上,利用该数值模型对关键设计参数进行数值分析。结果表明:引出极与发射极的内径比变化会导致外加电场对剩余电荷颗粒作负功,引起推力下降,该物理参数在0.94附近时,推力达到极大值;而随着颗粒直径的增加,羽流中和区域整体向下游推移,推力升高。本文结论可为NFET的反向充电中和策略提供设计参考。     

涡轴发动机整机受迫振动分析

涡轴发动机的一种常见的安装方式是其主安装节直接与主减速器相连,对这种安装形式下涡轴发动机的受迫振动问题进行了研究.首先讨论了其结构特点并对引起激振力的原因进行了分析,然后对激振力引起的轴向力、弯距在各承力件上沿轴向的分布规律进行了分析,介绍了受迫振动响应分析和有限元方法.发动机整机振动试验证明了该方法的有效性.      

一种低副瓣波纹喇叭天线的设计与实现

文章设计了一种高斯分布的波纹喇叭天线,具有增益高、转换效率高、交叉极化低、相位中心不随频率变化的特点。该天线采用正交馈电,结构简单紧凑,以双线极化或圆极化方式工作。根据天线设计参数,建立了天线模型,进行了优化设计。仿真和实测结果表明,天线在频率34～36 GHz范围内,增益大于20dBi,方向图在E面和H面具有良好对称性,副瓣电平不大于-26 d B,驻波比小于1.5,整体性能满足工程应用要求。     

Optimizing accuracy of a parabolic cylindrical deployable antenna mechanism based on stiffness analysis

Accuracy of the fitted surface is of great importance to the performance of deployable antennas utilized in space. This paper proposes a stiffness analysis based fitting accuracy optimization method for achieving the optimal parameters of the parabolic cylindrical deployable antenna mechanism. The stiffness matrix of the proposed cylindrical antenna mechanism is established by assembling the stiffness of beams and tension cables. Structural deformations of the mechanism are calculated where the tensioned cable is substituted by a 2-node truss element and an equivalent force acting on the joint. Consideration of the tensity of tension cables, namely tensioned or slack, is transformed into a typical linear complementarity problem. Comparison between structural deformations of the mechanism fixed at different points is performed. Sensitivities of the geometric and structural parameters on fitting accuracy are investigated. Influence of force of the driven cable on structural deformations of antenna operated in different orbits is conducted. A fitting optimization method is proposed to minimize the structural deformations subject to constraints on volume and mass. Simulation result shows that the fitting accuracy of the antenna mechanism is improved significantly through the optimization. The proposed method can be utilized for the optimal design of other deployable mechanisms constructed by joining rigid links.     

ARTEMIS: a positioning system

ARTEMIS is an acronym for: automatic ranging theodolite emitting microwave signals. The reference direction in azimuth is obtained by mounting a theodolite on the antenna, aiming it at a known position in the field and adjusting the azimuth reading. About 300 ARTEMIS sets, in various configurations, have been sold and, in spite of its much higher price when compared with DGPS, sales are continuing. Many sets were made gastight in view of security requirements on platforms. It is shown how a plotter can determine the course driven by a car on the road. The pen indicates accurately where the car was on the map. Advances in the technique of optical angle encoders are discussed     

Design and analysis of truss deployable antenna mechanism based on a novel symmetric hexagonal profile division method

As the deployment, supporting, and stability mechanisms of satellite antennas, space-deployable mechanisms play a key role in the field of aerospace. In order to design truss deployable antenna supporting mechanisms with large folding rate, high accuracy, easy deployment and strong stability, aiming at the geometric division of the parabolic reflector, a novel method based on symmetric hexagonal division and its corresponding modular truss deployable antenna mechanism is proposed, and the original method based on asymmetric triangular division and its corresponding mechanisms are presented for comparative analysis. Then, the screw theory is employed to analyze the mobility of different mechanisms. Furthermore, the improved three-dimensional mesh method is used to divide the reflector surface of a large parabolic antenna designed by the two different methods, and the profile accuracy and the type of links are taken as the evaluation indexes to quantitatively analyze the division results. Finally, a three-dimensional model of the modular deployable mechanism based on the symmetric hexagonal design is developed, and the deployable mechanisms with different configurations based on the two design methods are compared and analyzed from the mechanical perspective. The research results provide a good theoretical reference for the design of deployable truss antenna mechanisms and their application in the aerospace field.     

Structural design and model fabrication of cable-rib tensioned deployable parabolic cylindrical antenna

Deployable mechanisms with light weight and high storage ratio have received considerable attention for space applications. To meet the requirements of space missions, a parabolic cylindrical deployable antenna based on cable-rib tension structures is proposed and verified by a physical prototype. The parabolic cylindrical antenna adopts simple parallel four-bar mechanisms to construct the basic deployable unit, and the cylindrical direction dimension can be easily extended by modularization, which has obvious advantages in storage ratio and area density. Considering the complexity of the entire antenna structure design, including cable networks and flexible trusses, the form-finding design optimization model of a parabolic cylindrical antenna is established using the force density sensitivity method, and then the kinematics analysis of the deployable mechanism is carried out. Finally, a single-module prototype with a deployable diameter of 4 m × 2 m was designed and fabricated. The results of the ground deployment process test and surface accuracy measurements show that the antenna has good feasibility and practicability.     

一种星载伞天线展开机构研究

天线展开机构使用动力绳实现天线展开和收拢过程中易出现动力绳松弛、脱槽现象。以星载高精度伞状天线展开机构为研究对象，分析天线展开机构的工作原理；利用解析法获得展开机构的运动方程，结合天线展开机构运动部件结构参数，得到天线展开过程中展开机构动力绳的松弛规律；建立以展开机构结构参数为设计变量，以动力绳松弛量最小为目标的展开机构结构优化模型，通过模拟退火法进行求解，得到优化的展开机构结构参数，通过优化前后的展开机构展开、收扰功能试验，测试了机构工作时动力绳的松弛量，验证了展开机构优化的正确性。结果表明：优化后的展开机构动力绳松弛量较优化前降低了90%，优化效果显著。     

电弧喷射推力器电磁场模拟

为了揭示电弧喷射推力器内部电磁场特征及其与高温电离气体间的相互作用机理,建立了比较完善的电磁场模型,详细讨论了电磁场数值模拟方法及其计算效果.模型同时考虑了电场力、洛仑兹力和电子压强梯度对传导电流的贡献,由电子动力学方程和粒子微观碰撞理论推导出电流方程,由麦克斯韦方程组推导出电磁场控制方程,采用包括强隐过程(SIP)迭代法在内的十种迭代方法求解离散的电磁场方程.研究表明,SIP迭代法是适用于电弧喷射推力器电磁场模拟的快速有效的方法,模型能够准确地反映推力器内部电磁场与高温电离气体间的相互作用机理.     

基于解析梯度的微推进转移轨道优化方法

 研究基于离散脉冲策略的行星际微推进转移轨道优化问题,为改善收敛性和计算效率,提出了一种解析的梯度矩阵计算方法。首先,基于离散脉冲思想建立了行星际微推进转移轨道优化模型,通过对速度脉冲矢量进行参数变换,避免了传统优化模型初值猜测和搜索域难以界定的缺点;然后,基于变分原理分析了离散脉冲模型中轨道状态转移矩阵与状态变分之间的关系,并给出了多种轨道特征条件下状态变分的计算方法,该方法可扩展到多次状态不连续情况;在此基础上,推导了离散脉冲轨道优化模型中性能指标与轨道约束对寻优参数梯度矩阵的解析表达式。以地球-火星的燃料最省微推进转移为例对所提解析梯度方法进行了仿真验证。数值结果表明：本文推导的解析梯度矩阵是正确的,与传统数值梯度计算方法相比,解析梯度矩阵可有效改善寻优算法的收敛特性,并能够提高计算效率约47%。     

AFM电场诱导氧化加工技术制备微纳米结构

大气状态下利用接触模式原子力显微镜(AFM)动态电场和静态电场及轻敲模式AFM静态电场制备了一维纳米光栅,对纳米光栅结构的特征进行了比较并对电场诱导阳极氧化加工的机理作了相应的理论分析。     

Two low-cost phased arrays

In a phased array antenna, the phase shifters (or T/R modules in an active aperture phased array) with their beam-steering control circuitry along with the feed network account for the major hardware cost. This paper presents two antenna array configurations that use simpler feed, simpler phase-shifting and simpler beam-steering control circuitry for realizing low-cost phased arrays. Both are lens configurations. The first one uses a Radant lens, which provides a medium that is loaded with diodes and provides the needed phase shift by switching the diodes on and off. The other configuration employs a ferroelectric dielectric material whose dielectric constant can be varied with an applied DC bias voltage. It is shown that the ferroelectric lens may have further advantages of smaller thickness, simpler beam-steering controls and lower cost     

不同机翼优化构型的轻质F4模型气动特性实验研究

采用光固化快速成型技术（SL）加工基于气动/结构耦合分析的六套不同机翼优化构型的轻质F4模型,在0.6m跨超声速风洞完成了马赫数0.6-0.85范围内的气动力测量试验。试验结果表明,采用气动/结构耦合优化设计的代号为6#的轻质F4模型升力特性与国外结果较接近,与机翼三维变形的事实吻合,验证了采用的气动/结构耦合优化设计方法基本可行,为探索模型静气动弹性风洞试验数据修正方法提供了参考。